Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

Definition: Lebanon |
LebanonNoun1. An Asian republic at east end of Mediterranean. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
"Lebanon" is a name that signifies or is derived from: "white", "incense". |
Date "Lebanon" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1258. (references) |
| Domain | Definitions |
Bible | Lebanon white, "the white mountain of Syria," is the loftiest and most celebrated mountain range in Syria. It is a branch running southward from the Caucasus, and at its lower end forking into two parallel ranges, the eastern or Anti-Lebanon, and the western or Lebanon proper. They enclose a long valley (Josh. 11:17) of from 5 to 8 miles in width, called by Roman writers Coele-Syria, now called el-Buka'a, "the valley," a prolongation of the valley of the Jordan. Lebanon proper, Jebel es-Sharki, commences at its southern extremity in the gorge of the Leontes, the ancient Litany, and extends north-east, parallel to the Mediterranean coast, as far as the river Eleutherus, at the plain of Emesa, "the entering of Hamath" (Num. 34:8; 1 Kings 8:65), in all about 90 geographical miles in extent. The average height of this range is from 6,000 to 8,000 feet; the peak of Jebel Mukhmel is about 10,200 feet, and the Sannin about 9,000. The highest peaks are covered with perpetual snow and ice. In the recesses of the range wild beasts as of old still abound (2 Kings 14:9; Cant. 4:8). The scenes of the Lebanon are remarkable for their grandeur and beauty, and supplied the sacred writers with many expressive similes (Ps. 29:5, 6; 72:16; 104:16-18; Cant. 4:15; Isa. 2:13; 35:2; 60:13; Hos. 14:5). It is famous for its cedars (Cant. 5:15), its wines (Hos. 14:7), and its cool waters (Jer. 18:14). The ancient inhabitants were Giblites and Hivites (Josh. 13:5; Judg. 3:3). It was part of the Phoenician kingdom (1 Kings 5:2-6). The eastern range, or Anti-Lebanon, or "Lebanon towards the sunrising," runs nearly parallel with the western from the plain of Emesa till it connects with the hills of Galilee in the south. The height of this range is about 5,000 feet. Its highest peak is Hermon (q.v.), from which a number of lesser ranges radiate. Lebanon is first mentioned in the description of the boundary of Palestine (Deut. 1:7; 11:24). It was assigned to Israel, but was never conquered (Josh. 13:2-6; Judg. 3:1-3). The Lebanon range is now inhabited by a population of about 300,000 Christians, Maronites, and Druses, and is ruled by a Christian governor. The Anti-Lebanon is inhabited by Mohammedans, and is under a Turkish ruler. Source: Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
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| National motto: | |||||
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| Official language | Arabic | ||||
| Capital | Beirut | ||||
| President | Emile Lahud | ||||
| Prime Minister | Rafiq Hariri | ||||
| Area - Total - % water | Ranked 160th 10,400 km² 1.6% | ||||
| Population
- Total (2003 E) - Density | Ranked 123rd
3,727,703 358/km² | ||||
| Independence | 22 November 1943 | ||||
| Currency | Lebanese pound (LBP) | ||||
| Time zone | UTC +2 (DST +3) | ||||
| National anthem | Koullouna Lilouataan Lil Oula Lil Alam | ||||
| Internet TLD | .LB | ||||
| Calling Code | 961 | ||||
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Lebanon."
Synonym: LebanonSynonym: Lebanese Republic (n). (additional references) |
Crosswords: Lebanon |
| English words defined with "Lebanon": Beirut ♦ capital of Lebanon, cedar of Lebanon, Cedrus libani, Clematis vitalba ♦ Druse ♦ Gibran, Golan Heights ♦ Kahlil Gibran ♦ Lebanese, Lebanese monetary unit, Lebanese pound, Levant ♦ Maronite ♦ old man's beard ♦ piaster, piastre, pound ♦ Sur ♦ Tarabulus, traveler's joy, traveller's joy, Tripoli, Tyre. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "Lebanon": Adonis River, Assassins ♦ Baal-hermon, Baca ♦ Coele-Syria ♦ Mizar ♦ Sycamine tree ♦ Zemarite. (references) |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | The moon is bright over Lebanon tonight, the Lebanese moon looks down, shim sham shacam, cattle explode, cow shrapnel drips off tree into mother's tear for little boy who goes on into battle and comes back dead, or worse, a man . (The Kids in the Hall; writing credit: Dave Foley; Bruce McCulloch) | |
Lyrics | In Ireland, in Lebanon, in Palestine and Berkeley ("Roland The Headless Thompson Gunner"; performing artist: Warren Zevon) '58 Lebanon, Charles de Gaulle, California baseball ("We Didn't Start The Fire"; performing artist: Billy Joel) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Lebanon... Imprisoned Splendour (1996) Wild Flowers: Women of South Lebanon (1986) Lebanon... Why? (1978) The Situation in Lebanon (1977) Lebanon in a Whirlwind (1975) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References |
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Books |
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Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
![]() | U.S. American National Red Cross Convalescent Hospital No. 102, Wimbledon, England. : View of the grounds including a cedar of Lebanon.Credit: National Library of Medicine. | ![]() | An improvised operating room at a trachoma clinic in Lebanon, Missouri, 1923.Credit: National Library of Medicine. |
![]() | Steaming off Beirut, Lebanon, while serving with the Sixth Fleet, 18 July 1958.Credit: NAVY. | ![]() | Fires a salvo from her 16"/50 guns during a deployment off the coast of Beirut, Lebanon, 9 January 1984 Photographed by PH1 Ron Garrison.Credit: NAVY. |
![]() | Five points - 7th and Lehman Streets, Lebanon, Pa.Credit: Library of Congress. | ![]() | Tornado, Lebanon, Kansas.Credit: Library of Congress. |
![]() | Water fountain, Lebanon, New Hampshire.Credit: Library of Congress. | ![]() | Splitting oak log stump which will in turn be split into shingles at Wilson Forest Project near Lebanon, Tennessee.Credit: Library of Congress. |
![]() | Lebanon, Pa.Credit: Library of Congress. | ![]() | Cumberland University, Lebanon, Tennessee, main campus.Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Business | A "major" market is defined as a country where Lebanon represents a substantially large share of either imports or exports. (references) | |
From these figures, rankings are calculated to allow managers to prioritize Lebanon compared to other major country markets. (references) | ||
Close to 80 percent of the companies operate from neighboring Bahrain, 11 percent are based in Lebanon, seven percent in the United Arab Emirates, and the balance in Jordan, while a couple operate from the Cayman Islands and Bermuda. (references) | ||
Civil Liberties | Jordan | The majority of such persons now live in Syria, Lebanon, and Libya as stateless persons. (references) |
Lebanon | At year's end, approximately 2,200 of these former SLA personnel and their family members had returned to Lebanon. (references) | |
Lebanon | There were credible reports that the Surete Generale deported Iraqi Kurds seeking asylum in Lebanon back to Iraq through Syria. (references) | |
Economic History | Lebanon | Lebanon welcomes foreign investments. (references) |
Lebanon | Transparency has never been strong in Lebanon. (references) | |
Lebanon | Lebanon has a classic free market orientation. (references) | |
Human Rights | Syria | In August 2000, Sheikh Hashim Minqara, a leader of the Islamic Tawheed Movement who was arrested in Lebanon in 1985, reportedly was released. (references) |
Israel and the occupied territories | A fourth hostage, Elhannan Tannenbaum, who was kidnaped in either Europe or Lebanon in October 2000, was believed to be in Hizballah custody at the end of the year. (references) | |
Lebanon | For the first time in more than 10 years, Israel responded against a Syrian target in Lebanon, bombing a Syrian radar station in Mudayrej and killing three Syrian soldiers. (references) | |
Political Economy | Israel | However, no direct negotiations with Lebanon took place under his administration. (references) |
Lebanon | The U.S. seeks to promote political stability, economic development, and the independence, sovereignty, and territorial integrity of Lebanon. (references) | |
Israel | After his election in 1999, Prime Minister Ehud Barak pledged to withdraw Israeli troops from Lebanon, in the context of an agreement with Syria. (references) | |
Trade | Lebanon | OPIC is open for business in Lebanon. (references) |
Lebanon | EU norms are widely acceptable in Lebanon. (references) | |
Lebanon | Several businesses in Lebanon have received ISO certificates. (references) | |
Travel | Lebanon | Cash is the most common method of payment in Lebanon. (references) |
Lebanon | HOUSING: There are over 300 hotels in Lebanon, with over 60 percent located in Beirut and Mount Lebanon. (references) | |
Lebanon | Lebanon lacks adequate public transportation, but private, unmetered, taxis and shared cabs are plentiful in and around the capital. (references) | |
Worker Rights | Ethiopia | In 2000 the Ministry of Foreign Affairs opened a consulate in Beirut to assist women who were trafficked to Lebanon. (references) |
Ghana | Some young women are trafficked to the Middle East, particularly Lebanon, where they work in menial jobs or as domestic help. (references) | |
Somalia | In 2000 Djibouti law enforcement authorities arrested members of a group that was smuggling Somali women to destinations such as Lebanon and Syria to work in brothels. (references) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
Ronald Reagan | 1981-1989 | There is hope for a free, independent, and sovereign Lebanon. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Lebanon" is generally used as a noun (proper) -- approximately 99.91% of the time. "Lebanon" is used about 1,099 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (proper) | 99.91% | 1,098 | 6,879 |
| Noun (singular) | 0.09% | 1 | 339,140 |
| Total | 100.00% | 1,099 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
1. Lebanon, CT 2. Lebanon, IL (city, FIPS 42496) 3. Lebanon, IN (city, FIPS 42624) 4. Lebanon, KS (city, FIPS 39100) 5. Lebanon, KY (city, FIPS 44344) 6. Lebanon, MO (city, FIPS 41168) 7. Lebanon, NE (village, FIPS 26455) 8. Lebanon, NH (city, FIPS 41300) 9. Lebanon, NJ (borough, FIPS 39630) 10. Lebanon, NY 11. Lebanon, OH (city, FIPS 42364) 12. Lebanon, OK 13. Lebanon, OR (city, FIPS 41650) 14. Lebanon, PA (city, FIPS 42168) 15. Lebanon, SD (town, FIPS 36260) 16. Lebanon, TN (city, FIPS 41520) 17. Lebanon, VA (town, FIPS 44696) |
Expressions using "Lebanon": capital of Lebanon ♦ cedar of lebanon ♦ Lebanon Church ♦ Lebanon County ♦ Lebanon Junction ♦ Lebanon South ♦ Mount Lebanon ♦ New Lebanon ♦ South Lebanon ♦ West Lebanon. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "Lebanon": lebanon-based. | |
Ending with "Lebanon": anti-lebanon, Rising Sun-Lebanon. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
lebanon | 2,775 | lebanon picture | 118 |
beirut lebanon | 1,784 | lebanon music | 117 |
lebanon ministry | 857 | lebanon in | 107 |
tripoli lebanon | 670 | daily lebanon record | 102 |
lebanon nh | 638 | lebanon reporter | 92 |
lebanon pa | 523 | lebanon ct | 87 |
lebanon hotel | 374 | lebanon missouri | 82 |
lebanon or | 239 | west lebanon nh | 80 |
lebanon oh | 235 | lebanon news | 78 |
lebanon mo | 225 | lebanon valley speedway | 76 |
miss lebanon | 218 | daily lebanon star | 75 |
lebanon tn | 210 | lebanon indiana | 73 |
daily lebanon news | 180 | lebanon tennessee | 73 |
lebanon sex | 173 | lebanon girl | 68 |
lebanon nj | 145 | cedar of lebanon | 68 |
map of lebanon | 139 | lebanon oregon | 64 |
lebanon ohio | 133 | lebanon flag | 63 |
juniyah lebanon | 130 | lebanon va | 63 |
lebanon valley college | 125 | lebanon newspaper | 52 |
2003 lebanon miss | 120 | al houche lebanon oumara | 51 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Translations for "Lebanon"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Afrikaan | Libanon. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Albanian | Liban. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bulgarian | Ливан. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 黎巴嫩 (Lebanese). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Czech | Libanon. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Danish | Libanon (Lebanese Republic), Den Libanesiske Republik (Lebanese Republic). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dutch | Libanon (Lebanese Republic), Libanongebergte. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Esperanto | Libano, Lebanono. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Finnish | Libanonin tasavalta (Lebanese Republic), Libanon (Lebanese Republic, the Lebanon). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
French | Liban (Lebanese Republic). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
German | Libanon (Lebanese Republic, Lebanon (lb)). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | Λίβανοσ, Λίβανος (Lebanese Republic), "ημοκρατία του Λιβάνου (Lebanese Republic). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hungarian | libanon. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | Libano (Lebanese Republic). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Kanji | レトルト食" (Lennon, lever, leverage, liver, packed and sterilised food, rehabilitation, renumber, retort pack, retrospective, retrovirus, rhenium). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Katakana | レバノン . (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Korean | "논 (Lebanese). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Manx | Yn Livaan. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | ebanonlay Líbano (Lebanese Republic, lecher). (various references) "иван, Ливан. (various references) liban. (various references) Líbano (Lebanese Republic). (various references) Libanon (Lebanese Republic). (various references) Lübnan (lebanese). (various references) Ліван. (various references) Libanus. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Language | Date | Source | 1 Kings Chapter 7, Verse 2 |
| Greek (transliterated) | 250 BC | Septuagint | Uion gunaikoV chraV kai outoV apo thV fulhV nefqali kai o pathr autou anhr turioV tektwn calkou kai peplhrwmenoV thV tecnhV kai sunesewV kai epignwsewV tou poiein pan ergon en calkw kai eishcqh proV ton basilea salwmwn kai epoihsen panta ta erga |
| Latin | 405 | Vulgate | Aedificavit quoque domum saltus Libani centum cubitorum longitudinis et quinquaginta cubitorum latitudinis et triginta cubitorum altitudinis et quattuor deambulacra inter columnas cedrinas ligna quippe cedrina exciderat in columnas |
| Middle English | 1395 | Wyclif | And he bildide the hows of the wijld wode of Liban, of an hundrid cubitis of length, and of fifti cubitis of brede, and of thretti cubitis of heiyt; and foure aluris betwixe the cedre pilers; forsothe the cedre trees he hewy into pilers. |
| Jacobean English | 1611 | King James | He built also the house of the forest of Lebanon; the length thereof was an hundred cubits, and the breadth thereof fifty cubits, and the height thereof thirty cubits, upon four rows of cedar pillars, with cedar beams upon the pillars. |
| Victorian English | 1833 | Webster | He built also the house of the forest of Lebanon; its length was a hundred cubits, and its breadth fifty cubits, and its hight thirty cubits, upon four rows of cedar pillars, with cedar beams upon the pillars. |
| Basic English | 1964 | Ogden | And he made the house of the Woods of Lebanon, which was a hundred cubits long and fifty cubits wide and thirty cubits high, resting on four lines of cedar-wood pillars with cedar-wood supports on the pillars. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | 1 Kings Chapter 7, Verse 2 |
| Cebuano | Kay gitukod niya ang iyang balay sa mga kahoy sa Libano; ang gitas-on niini usa ka gatus ka maniko, ug ang gilapdon niana kalim-an ka maniko, ug ang kahabogon niana katloan ka maniko, ibabaw sa upat ka mga talay nga mga haligi nga cedro, lakip ang mga sagbayan nga cedro ibabaw sa mga haligi. |
| Chinese | 又 建 利 巴 嫩 林 宮 、 長 一 百 肘 、 寬 " 十 肘 、 高 三 十 肘 、 有 香 柏 木 柱 三 " 原 文 作 四 〕 行 、 柱 上 有 香 柏 木 柁 梁 。 |
| Croatian | Sagradio je dvor od libanonske šume: stotinu lakata dug, pedeset širok i trideset lakata visok, na èetiri reda cedrovih stupova, a na stupovima bijahu cedrove grede. |
| Danish | Han byggede Libanonskovhuset, hundrede Alen langt, halvtredsindstyve Alen bredt og tredive Alen højt, hvilende på tre Rækker Cedersøjler med Skråstøtter af Cedertræ. |
| Dutch | Hij bouwde ook het huis des wouds van Libanon, van honderd ellen in zijn lengte, en vijftig ellen in zijn breedte, en dertig ellen in zijn hoogte, op vier rijen van cederen pilaren, en cederen balken op de pilaren. |
| Finnish | Hän rakensi Libanoninmetsä-talon, sataa kyynärää pitkän, viittäkymmentä kyynärää leveän ja kolmeakymmentä kyynärää korkean, kolmen setripylväsrivin varaan, ja pylväiden päällä oli veistetyt setriansaat. |
| French | Il construisit d`abord la maison de la forêt du Liban, longue de cent coudées, large de cinquante coudées, et haute de trente coudées. Elle reposait sur quatre rangées de colonnes de cèdre, et il y avait des poutres de cèdre sur les colonnes. |
| German | Nämlich er baute das Haus vom Wald Libanon, hundert Ellen lang, fünfzig Ellen weit und dreißig Ellen hoch. Auf vier Reihen von zedernen Säulen legte er den Boden von zedernen Balken, |
| Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama | Dan lagi dibangunkannya istana di rimba Libanon, panjangnya seratus hasta, lebarnya lima puluh hasta, tingginya tiga puluh hasta dilingkung dengan empat jajar tiang dari pada kayu araz, dan di atas tiang itu adalah lagi tiang dari pada kayu araz, bersulur batang. |
| Italian | Costruì il palazzo detto Foresta del Libano, lungo cento cubiti, largo cinquanta e alto trenta su tre ordini di colonne di cedro e con capitelli di cedro sulle colonne. |
| Maori | Nana hoki i hanga te whare o te ngahere o Repanona; ko te roa, kotahi rau whatianga, ko te whanui e rima tekau whatianga, ko te tiketike e toru tekau whatianga; ko te turanga e wha nga rarangi pou, he mea hita, he kurupae hita ano i runga i aua p ou. |
| Norwegian | Han bygget Libanon-skoghuset, hundre alen langt og femti alen bredt og tretti alen høit, på fire rader sederstolper og med sederbjelker ovenpå stolpene. |
| Portuguese | Edificou ainda a casa do bosque de Líbano, de cem côvados de comprimento, cinqüenta de largura e trinta de altura, sobre quatro ordens de colunas de cedros, e vigas de cedro sobre as colunas. |
| Rumanian | A zidit mai kntki casa din pqdurea Libanului, lungq de o sutq de coyi, latq de cincizeci de coyi, wi knaltq de treizeci de coyi. Se sprijinea pe patru rknduri de stklpi de cedru, wi pe stklpi erau grinzi de cedru. |
| Swedish | Han byggde Libanonskogshuset, hundra alnar långt, femtio alnar brett och trettio alnar högt, med fyra rader pelare av cederträ och med huggna bjälkar av cederträ ovanpå pelarna. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Misspellings | |
"Lebanon" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Belanov, Elhanan, Leacon, Lebena, Lemagnen, Levaton, Libani, Libanon, Loanon, Lubango, Lubnaig, Plekanov. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-b-e-l-n-n-o" | |
-2 letters: alone, anole, beano, bonne, noble. | |
-3 letters: able, aeon, aloe, anon, bale, bane, bean, blae, bola, bole, bone, ebon, elan, enol, lane, lean, leno, loan, lobe, lone, nabe, neon, noel, nona, none, olea. | |
-4 letters: abo, alb, ale, ane, bal, ban, bel, ben, boa, eon, lab, lea, lob, nab, nae, nan, neb, nob, obe, ole. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-b-e-l-n-n-o" | |
+1 letter: ballonne, bannerol, nobleman. | |
+2 letters: anklebone, ballonnes, bannerols, nonarable, nonverbal, nonviable. | |
+3 letters: anklebones, belladonna, condonable, noblewoman, nondurable, nonsalable, nontaxable, unknowable, unopenable. | |
+4 letters: belladonnas, condemnable, condensable, connectable, consignable, containable, emblazoning, mentionable, nonburnable, noncallable, nondisabled, nondurables, nonreusable, nonsinkable, nontaxables, nonverbally, notableness, pensionable, uncountable, unignorable. | |
+5 letters: bonnyclabber, cannonballed, concelebrant, conscionable, emblazonment, inconsolable, inconsumable, nebulization, nonbacterial, nonbreakable, noncrushable, nondisableds, nonflammable, nonlibraries, nonmalleable, nonrenewable, nonrepayable, nonreusables, sanctionable, ungovernable, unnegotiable, unnoticeable, unobtainable, unpardonable, unreasonable, unreasonably, unseasonable, unseasonably. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)4C 65 62 61 6E 6F 6E |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references).-.. . -... .- -. --- -. |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01001100 01100101 01100010 01100001 01101110 01101111 01101110 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)L e b a n o n |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)004C 0065 0062 0061 006E 006F 006E |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
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Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)46716867808180 |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Quotations: Non-fiction | 9. Quotations: Speeches 10. Usage Frequency 11. Cities 12. Expressions | 13. Expressions: Internet 14. Translations: Modern 15. Bible Trace 16. Derivations | 17. Anagrams 18. Orthography 19. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.