Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

Lawsuit

Definition: Lawsuit

Lawsuit

Noun

1. (law) a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy; "the family brought suit against the landlord".

Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
 

Date "lawsuit" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1588. (references)

 

Specialty Definition: Lawsuit

DomainDefinition

Law

A legal action started by a plaintiff against a defendant based on a complaint that the defendant failed to perform a legal duty, resulting in harm to the plaintiff. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Specialty Definition: Law

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

simple:Law

This article is about law in society. For other article subjects named law see law (disambiguation).

This article is concerned with laws of politics and jurisprudence: rules of conduct which mandate and/or proscribe specified relationships among people and organizations; as well as punishments for those who do not follow the established rules of conduct.

In ethics and moral philosophy this type of law is often called a "human legal code" to distinguish it from more fundamental laws applicable to all beings (metaphysics, ontology). Such a body of laws can be seen as a legally-enforced ethical code or as a "secular moral code" (to the degree that political leaders replace religious leaders as moral examples). Because lawyers and jurists more than other professions are self-regulating, almost by definition, they are often held to higher standards of behaviour or at least a stricter etiquette. These concerns are not part of this article, because those expectations and disciplines are specific to each legal code. This article takes an English-speaking point of view and deals with other legal traditions and codes by way of comparison only.

Jurisprudence

Jurisprudence refers to two different things. First, in common law jurisdictions, it means simply "case law", i.e. the law that is established through the decisions of the courts and other officials. Second, it means the philosophy of law, or legal theory, which studies not what the law is in a particular jurisdiction (say, Turkey or the United States) but law in general--i.e. those attributes common to all legal systems.

Jurisprudence in the second sense is conventionally divided into two parts: descriptive, or analytic, jurisprudence, and normative jurisprudence. Analytic jurisprudence studies what law 'is', normative jurisprudence studies what law 'ought to be'.

Among the most important questions of analytic jurisprudence are these: What is a law What is a legal system? What is the relationship between law and power? What is the relationship between law and justice or morality? Does every society have a legal system? How should we understand concepts like legal rights and legal obligations or duties? The most influential works of analytic jurisprudence include: Jeremy Bentham, Of Laws in General; Hans Kelsen, The Pure Theory of Law, H.L.A. Hart, The Concept of Law, and Ronald Dworkin, Law's Empire''.

Among the most important questions of normative jurisprudence are these: What is is the proper function of law? What sorts of acts should be subject to punishment, and what sorts of punishment should be permitted? What is justice? What rights do we have? Is there a duty to obey the law? What value has the rule of law? The most influential works of normative jurisprudence include all the classics of political philosophy. Among contemporary writers, the following have been particularly influential: John Rawls, A Theory of Justice H.L.A. Hart, Punishment and Responsibility; Joel Feinberg, The Moral Limits of the Criminal Law; Joseph Raz, The Morality of Freedom; Ronald Dworkin, A Matter of Principle

Codification of Law

Law is the formal codification of customs which have achieved such acceptance as become the enforced norm. The process of acceptance is accelerated by the existence of legislative bodies which seek to impose laws.

Law codification involves the legislation and regulation of statutes; as well as the resolution of disputes. In the civil law system codification is also an attempt to structure the law according to fundamental ethical principles to create a sense of order and simplicity that all members of society can comprehend, not merely university trained jurists. Stating the law in simple, precise terms, understandable to the lay person without a specialized legal education, is the only way they can reasonably obey it or be fairly sanctioned for not obeying it.

This overlaps with the idea of a formal social legal code as understood in ethics. This may be understandable to the educated lay person but perhaps not to the ordinary lay person. For example, one can explain the idea of precedent more easily than that of the reasonable man, but it may be much harder to explain why precedent is "fair" to one without "higher education". The following are examples of such lay explanations of different branches of law, and theories of law.

They are not comprehensive.

Branches of Law, a sampling

Please note: Wikipedia does not give legal advice.

Law as academic discipline and profession

In addition to being part of the societal framework law is also an academic discipline and a profession. Lawyers are sometimes called by other names, as in England where the profession is divided between solicitors and barristers. Sometimes they are also called notaries. They are professionally trained in the United States at graduate schools of law leading to the J.D degree (Juris Doctor). In other countries legal education is considered to start at the undergraduate stage taught in faculty of law leading to the LL.B or B.C.L degrees. NOTE: In Canada at least, the LL.B. requires a previous undergraduate degree to study. Law is an undergraduate degree mainly in civil law countries. Most of these schools also have advanced legal degrees such as the LL.M and the J.S.D degrees. Many persons who attend law school never practice law but use their knowledge of law in another profession. See Law (academic) and jurisprudence For law as a profession, see lawyer, jurist and practice of law.

Further Discussion

Most laws and legal systems --at least in the Western world-- are quite similar in their essential themes, arising from similar values and similar social, economic, and political conditions, and they typically differ less in their substantive content than in their jargon and procedures.

One of the fundamental similarities across different legal systems is that, to be of general approval and observation, a law has to appear to be public, effective, and legitimate, in the sense that it has to be available to the knowledge of the citizen in common places or means, it needs to contain instruments to grant its application, and it has to be issued under given formal procedures from a recognized authority.

In the context of most legal systems, laws are enacted through the processes of constitutional charter, constitutional amendment, legislation, executive order, rulemaking, and adjudication; within Common law jurisdictions, rulings by judges are an important additional source of legal rules.

However, de facto laws also come into existence through custom and tradition. (See generally Consuetudinary law; Anarchist law.)

Law has an anthropological dimension. In order to have a culture of law, people must dwell in a society where a government exists whose authority is hard to evade and generally recognised as legitimate. People forego personal revenge or self-help and choose instead to take their grievances before the government and its agents, who arbitrate disputes and enforce penalties.

This behaviour is contrasted with the culture of honor, where respect for persons and groups stems from fear of the disproportionate revenge they may exact if their person, property, or prerogatives are not respected. Cultures of law must be maintained. They can be eroded by declining respect for the law, achieved either by weak government unable to wield its authority, or by burdensome restrictions that attempt to forbid behaviour prevalent in the culture or in some subculture of the society. When a culture of law declines, there is a possibility that an undesirable culture of honor will arise in its place.

A particular society or community adopts a specific set of laws to regulate the behavior of its own members, to order life in its political territory, to grant or acknowledge the rights and privileges of its citizens and other people who may come under the jurisdiction of its courts, and to resolve disputes.

There are several distinct laws and legal traditions, and each jurisdiction has its own set of laws and its own legal system. Individually codified laws are known as statutes, and the collective body of laws relating to one subject or emanating from one source are usually identified by specific reference. (E.g., Roman law, Common law, and Criminal law.)

Moreover, the several different levels of government each produce their own laws, though the extent to which law is centralized varies. Thus, at any one place there can be conflicting laws in force at the local, regional, state, national, or international levels.

(See conflict of laws, Preemption of State and Local Laws.)

Legal systems and traditions

Anarchist law - Canon law - Civil law - Common law - English Law - European Union Law - International law - Roman law - Scottish Law - Socialist law - Sharia (Islamic law)

Legal subject areas

Administrative law - Admiralty - Alternative dispute resolution - Appellate review - Civil procedure - Civil rights - Commercial law - Comparative law - Consuetudinary law - Contracts - Constitutional law - Courts of England and Wales - Corporations law - Criminal law - Criminal procedure - Environmental law - Equity - Evidence - Family law - Human rights - Immigration - Intellectual property - Jurisprudence - Law and economics - Law of Obligations - Labor law - Land use - List of items for which possession is restricted - Philosophy of law - Practice of law - Private law - Procedural law - Property law - Statutory law - Tax law - Torts - Trusts and Estates - Cyber law

Subjects Auxiliary to Law

Government - Legal history - Law and literature - Political science

Terms, case law, legislation and other resources

Legal books

Further Reading

See also

External link

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LAW

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

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Lawsuit

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Please note: Wikipedia does not give legal advice, the information on this page is not necessarily 100% accurate.

A lawsuit is an action or a suit brought before a court, as to recover a right, redress a grievance, obtain damages, an injunction or to obtain a declaratory judgment. It usually involves dispute resolution of private law issues between individuals, business entities or non-profit organizations, though in some jurisdictions it may involve public law issues.

In common law jurisdictions, the lawsuit begins with the issuance of a summons by the clerk of the court chosen by the plaintiff. It may also include a more detailed statement or pleading of the causes of action for which the plaintiff seeks damages or equitable relief.

Usually the papers are drawn by a lawyer, but in many courts a person can file papers and represent themselves, which is called appearing pro se. Many courts have a pro se clerk to assist people without lawyers.

The early stages of the lawsuit involve discovery or the exchange of documents and other evidence between the parties as well as the conducting of depositions. At this point the parties may also engage in pretrial motion practice in order to determine key issues before trial.

Once the case is ready for trial the parties will pick a jury and then have a trial by jury, unless the case involves equitable relief in which case it will be heard only by the judge.

All the procedures that govern the conduct of a lawsuit in the common law adversarial system of dispute resolution are known as civil procedure.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Lawsuit."

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Synonyms: Lawsuit

Synonyms: case (n), causa (n), cause (n), suit (n). (additional references)

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Synonyms within Context: Lawsuit

ContextSynonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus).

Accusation

Denunciation, denouncement; libel, challenge, citation, arraignment; impeachment, appeachment; indictment, bill of indictment, true bill; lawsuit; condemnation.

Lawsuit

Noun: lawsuit, suit, action, cause; litigation; suit in law; dispute.

Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus.

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Crosswords: Lawsuit

English words defined with "lawsuit": amicus curiae, amicus curiae briefbastardy proceedingcivil suit, class action, class-action suit, criminal suitfriend of the courtlis pendens, litigant, litigatoropenpaternity suit, prevailing partyThe Adversary, To commit, To commit to memoryundecided, undetermined, unresolvedvouch inwithers. (references)
Specialty definitions using "lawsuit": business and financial counselCleaned Out, corporate counseljudicial foreclosureLaw and Lawsuits, LAWYER, CORPORATIONNational Forest Management Act of 1976Paper or parchment, Peter Peeblesreversed onus of proofstructured settlementWriting. (references)
Etymologies containing "lawsuit": litigation. (references)

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Modern Usage: Lawsuit

DomainUsage

Screenplays

Tyler was now involved in a class action lawsuit against the Pressman Hotel over the urine content of their soup (Fight Club; writing credit: Jim Uhls)

The only reason you were offered a job, is so that he can slither out of the lawsuit. (Will & Grace; writing credit: Evan Weinstein)

I don't think it's going to help our lawsuit if you continue to st if you present the appearance of stalking him. (Hedwig and the Angry Inch; writing credit: John Cameron Mitchell; Stephen Trask)

We've got the biggest damn lawsuit against this church for sending a bunch of minors out into the butt-freakin' amazon with absolutely no preparation for a disaster of this magnitude (Walkabout; writing credit: Martin David)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Commercial Usage: Lawsuit

DomainTitle

Books

  • An Appeal to History: The Truth about a Singular Lawsuit (reference)

  • Civil Litigation in Connecticut: Anatomy of a Lawsuit (Prentice Hall Paralegal Series) (reference)

  • How to Collect When You Win a Lawsuit (4th Ed.) (reference)

  • The Anatomy of a Lawsuit (reference)

  • The Lawsuit Survival Guide: A Client's Companion to Litigation (Lawsuit Survival Guide, 1st Ed) (reference)

    (more book examples)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Familiar Quotations: Lawsuit

AuthorQuotation

George Herbert

A lean compromise is better than a fat lawsuit.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Non-Fiction Usage: Lawsuit

SubjectTopicQuote

Children

Senegal

In 2000 the Council of State (the country's highest administrative court) ruled on an antidiscrimination lawsuit filed in 1999 by the National Association of Disabled People (ANHMS) against the regional educational board in the eastern province of Tambacounda. (references)

Civil Liberties

Senegal

The Prime Minister's office dropped the lawsuit in February. (references)

Botswana

In March after BTA threatened a lawsuit, the BTC agreed to provide the leased lines. (references)

Economic History

Moldova

Union Fenosa has filed a lawsuit over the action, but as of July 2001, the company has not gotten the money back. (references)

Japan

Lawyers usually require large up-front payments from their clients before filing a lawsuit, with a modest contingency fee, if any, at the conclusion of litigation. (references)

Japan

A contract should be viewed as part of a greater effort to create an understanding of mutual obligations and expectations, rather than a tool in case of a lawsuit. (references)

Human Rights

Indonesia

The Jakarta district court dismissed the lawsuit for lack of evidence. (references)

Hungary

The Rom filed a lawsuit against the officers; in October he withdrew the lawsuit. (references)

Dominican Republic

The lawsuit asks the court to rule on the constitutionality of these police courts; a decision still was pending at year's end. (references)

Indigenous People

Venezuela

In 1998 the Supreme Court ruled against a lawsuit filed by environmental and indigenous organizations challenging the 1997 decree. (references)

Canada

To address these sentiments and respond to a pending lawsuit, in 1998 the Quebec government agreed with the Cree and Mohawk tribes to initiate negotiations regarding longstanding grievances over timber resources, public rights of way on tribal lands, and management of development in the James Bay region. (references)

Minorities

France

In April the Church of Scientology was taken to court for fraud and false advertising in a lawsuit brought by three former members; the case remained pending at year's end. (references)

Women

Taiwan

The law allows prosecutors to take the initiative in investigating complaints of domestic violence without waiting for a spouse to file a formal lawsuit. (references)

Japan

In October a U.S. federal judge dismissed a lawsuit brought by 15 comfort women, ruling that U.S. courts do not have jurisdiction over claims arising from Japan's wartime conduct. (references)

Czech Republic

The concerns of women's groups over workplace sexual harassment previously were ignored or dismissed; however, in 1999 a university student became the first woman to win a civil sexual harassment lawsuit. (references)

Worker Rights

Russia

In June the workers filed a lawsuit and the local court confirmed their right to demonstrate peacefully in accordance with the law. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

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Spoken Usage: Lawsuit

SpeakerPhrase(s)

Rush Limbaugh

What I do oppose is the notion that one lawsuit could wipe a company out and thereby prevent a company from ever going into business.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Speeches: Lawsuit

SpeakerTermPhrase(s)

George W. Bush

2001-2005Many jobs are lost in America because government imposes unreasonable regulations, and many jobs are lost because the lawsuit culture of this country imposes unreasonable costs.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Usage Frequency: Lawsuit

"Lawsuit" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.11% of the time. "Lawsuit" is used about 112 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)
Parts of SpeechPercentUsage per
100 Million Words
Rank in English
Noun (singular)99.11%11130,796
Noun (common)0.89%1339,140
                    Total100.00%112N/A

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Expressions: Lawsuit

Expressions using "lawsuit": bring a lawsuit bring in a lawsuit carry on a lawsuit drop a lawsuit file a lawsuit against lose a lawsuit patent lawsuit settle a lawsuit win a lawsuit. Additional references.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Frequency of Internet Keywords: Lawsuit

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.
 
ExpressionFrequency
per Day
ExpressionFrequency
per Day

lawsuit

778

nursing home lawsuit

48

lawsuit funding

387

file lawsuit sharing

44

class action lawsuit

276

abercrombie lawsuit

43

kazaa lawsuit

257

air bag lawsuit

42

wrongful death lawsuit

229

tobacco lawsuit

42

direct tv lawsuit

198

baycol lawsuit

42

medical lawsuit

142

file a lawsuit

38

medical malpractice lawsuit

125

stupid lawsuit

37

asbestos lawsuit

94

fen phen lawsuit

37

mesothelioma lawsuit

86

taco bell lawsuit

37

frivolous lawsuit

85

malpractice lawsuit

36

directv lawsuit

73

harry potter lawsuit

35

personal injury lawsuit

68

sco lawsuit

34

mcdonalds lawsuit

65

discrimination lawsuit

34

civil lawsuit

64

lawsuit settlement

34

lawsuit riaa

57

agent lawsuit orange

32

mp3 lawsuit

53

filing a lawsuit

31

wal mart lawsuit

53

meridia lawsuit

30

abercrombie fitch lawsuit

49

fast food lawsuit

30

paxil lawsuit

48

lawsuit poland spring

29
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Modern Translation: Lawsuit

Language Translations for "lawsuit"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.

Afrikaans

  

proses (action, process). (various references)

   

Albanian

  

proces (process, suit), procedim (procedure), proçes (process, suit), gjyq (court, court of law, forum, judgement-seat, judicature, judicial examination, process, suit, trial, tribunal). (various references)

   

Arabic 

  

قضية (affair, issue), ‏محاكمة (judgement, trial), ‏شكوى (beef, claim, complaint, grievance, grouse, miserere, plaint, protest, railing, representation), ‏دعوي قضائية. (various references)

   

Bulgarian 

  

съдебен процес (litigation). (various references)

   

Chinese 

  

诉讼 (litigation, litigator), 訴訟 , 官司 . (various references)

   

Czech

  

soudní pře (suit). (various references)

   

Danish

  

proces (action, process). (various references)

   

Dutch

  

rechtsgeding (action), proces (action, process), gerechtszaak (action), geding (action). (various references)

   

Esperanto

  

proceso. (various references)

   

Farsi 

  

مرافعه (Case, Cross, Spat, Suit), طرح دعوی دردادگاه , دعوی (Case, Claim, Pretension, Quarrel), دادخواهی (Complaint). (various references)

   

Finnish

  

oikeusjuttu (case), oikeudenkäynti (action, proceedings, trial). (various references)

   

French

  

procès. (various references)

   

Frisian

  

rjochtsaak (action), proses (action, process). (various references)

   

German

  

Prozeß (action, litigation, process, trial), rechtsstreit (law suit, litigation). (various references)

   

Greek 

  

δίκη (litigation, oyer, trial). (various references)

   

Hebrew 

  

תביע" משפטית (action, legal claim), "ין (judgement, law, rule, sentence). (various references)

   

Hungarian

  

polgári per (civil action, civil suit, suit at law), per (action, action at law, cause, legal action, litigation, proceedings, suit), kereset (action at law, claim, earnings, income, legal action, living wage, makings, plaint, wages, work-income). (various references)

   

Indonesian

  

sengketa, aksi (action, boasting, bragging, pretense). (various references)

   

Italian

  

processo (action, case, law, proceedings, process, trial). (various references)

   

Japanese Kanji 

  

訴訟 (litigation). (various references)

   

Japanese Katakana 

  

おもてざた (publicity), そしょうじけ" (case), そしょう (boil, litigation, swelling), うったえ (complaint). (various references)

   

Korean 

  

소송 (litigation). (various references)

   

Manx

  

cooish leigh (trial), accan (complain, complaint, grumble, lamentation, moan). (various references)

   

Norwegian

  

rettsak. (various references)

   

Papiamen

  

proseso (action). (various references)

   

Pig Latin

  

awsuitlay.(various references)

   

Portuguese

  

processo (action, litigation, method, procedure, proceeding, process, system, trial). (various references)

   

Russian 

  

судебный процесс (litigation, trial), тяжба (litigation). (various references)

   

Serbo-Croatian

  

parnica (case, litigation, suit). (various references)

   

Spanish

  

proceso (action, course, impeachment, proceedings, process, prosecution, trial), pleito (action, brawl, case, cause, complaint, controversy, dispute, quarrel, suit, trial). (various references)

   

Swedish

  

rättegång (action, assize, case, law suit, process, pursuit, suit, trial), process (action, case, litigation, operation, plea, process, trial), mål (aim, ambition, case, cockshot, cockshy, end, feed, goal, goals, home, idiom, meal, object, objective, quest, speech, target, tongue, trial, voice, vote, winning-post). (various references)

   

Thai

  

ค"ีความ. (various references)

   

Turkish

  

dava (action, case, cause, claim, instance, law, litigation, plea, pleading, process, prosecution, suit, trial). (various references)

   

Ukrainian

  

судочинство (judicature, jurisdiction, procedure, proceedings, process), судовий процес (action, litigation, plea). (various references)

   

Vietnamese 

  

việc tố tụng, việc kiện cáo. (various references)

   

Welsh

  

cyngaws (action). (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

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Ancestral Language Translations: Lawsuit

LanguagePeriodTranslations
Sumerian3100 BCE-2500 BCE

di. (various references)

Latin500 BCE-Modern

causa, causae, causam, causas, causis, lis, lite, litem, lites. (various references)

Old English450-1100

mal. (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Derivations & Misspellings: Lawsuit

Derivations

Words beginning with "lawsuit": lawsuits. (additional references)


Misspellings

"Lawsuit" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Lavski, Lawsonia, lawsonii, lawsuite, lawsuiti. (additional references)

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Rhyming with "Lawsuit"

# of Phoneme MatchesPronunciationWord(s) rhyming with "lawsuit" (pronounced lô"suw't)
3-s uw' tcountersuit, jumpsuit, pantsuit, spacesuit, swimsuit, wetsuit.

Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

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Anagrams: Lawsuit

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

Words within the letters "a-i-l-s-t-u-w"

-2 letters: alist, litas, sault, swail, tails, talus, wails, waist, waits, wauls, wilts.

-3 letters: ails, aits, alit, alts, awls, last, lati, lats, laws, list, lits, litu, lust, sail, salt, sati, saul, sial, silt, slat, slaw, slit, staw, suit, swat, tail, tali, taus, taws, tils, tuis, twas, utas, wail, wait, wast, wats, waul, wilt, wist.

 Words containing the letters "a-i-l-s-t-u-w"
 

+1 letter: lawsuits.

 

+3 letters: outlawries.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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INDEX

1. Definition
2. Synonyms
3. Crosswords
4. Usage: Modern
5. Usage: Commercial
6. Quotations: Familiar
7. Quotations: Non-fiction
8. Quotations: Spoken
9. Quotations: Speeches
10. Usage Frequency
11. Expressions
12. Expressions: Internet
13. Translations: Modern
14. Translations: Ancient
15. Derivations
16. Rhymes
17. Anagrams
18. Bibliography


  

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.