LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATIONAL LABORATORY

The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is a United States Department of Energy national laboratory, managed by the University of California, in Livermore, California. The Laboratory describes its purpose: "to promote innovation in the design of our nation's nuclear stockpile through creative science and engineering." The laboratories field of research has expanded to include general energy issues, as well as biomedicine and environmental science.

The institute was founded in September 1952 as part of the University of California Radiation Laboratory, in order to design nuclear weapons; the laboratory was first proposed (unofficially in 1949, officially on April 4, 1951) by Edward Teller, of the Los Alamos Nuclear Weapons Laboratory, and further promoted by Ernest Lawrence, of the Manhattan Project. The laboratory project was begun under the administration of Atomic Energy Commission Chairman Gordon Dean.

32-year old Herbert York was appointed the first director of the lab. York set out to develop the Lab's program and created four main elements: Project Sherwood (the Magnetic Fusion Program), diagnostic weapon experiments (both for Los Alamos and Livermore), the design of thermonuclear weapons, and a basic physics program. The first two facilities were a building to house the latest electronic computer, a Univac, and a technology building with a large central bay for lifting heavy equipment.

The focus of the Lab in the early days was on national needs and technical opportunities. Experts in chemistry, physics, and engineering had a common understanding of the Laboratory's mission, and developed new technologies on their own. But along with this went the team effort to understand a problem and to work it out together.

The early laboratory possessed a UNIVAC I. Over the years other computers were installed, including: two IBM 701s, four IBM 704s, four IBM 709s, four IBM 7090s, the Univac LARC, five IBM 7094s, an IBM 7030 (Stretch), a CDC 1604, two CDC 3600s, four CDC 6600s, five CDC 7600s, two CDC STAR 100s, and four CRAY 1s.

External Links

Specialty Definition: LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATIONAL LABORATORY

Domain	Definition
Computing	Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) A research organaisatin operated by the University of California under a contract with the US Department of Energy. LLNL was founded on 2 September 1952 at the site of an old World War II naval air station. The Lab employs researchers from many scientific and engineering disciplines. Some of its departments are the National Ignition Facility, the Human Genome Center, the ASCI Tera-Scale Computing partnership, the Computer Security Technology Center, and the Site 300 Experimental Test Facility. Other research areas are Astronomy and Astrophysics, Atmospheric Science, Automation and Robotics, Biology, Chemistry, Computing, Energy Research, Engineering, Environmental Science, Fusion, Geology and Geophysics, Health, Lasers and Optics, Materials Science, National Security, Physics, Sensors and Instrumentation, Space Science. LLNL also works with industry in research and licensing projects. At the end of fiscal year 1995, the lab had signed agreements for 193 cost-shared research projects involving 201 companies and worth nearly $600m. Home (http://www.llnl.gov/). Address: Fremont, California, USA. (1996-10-30). Source: The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Commercial Usage: LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATIONAL LABORATORY

Alternative Orthography: LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATIONAL LABORATORY

Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)

4C 41 57 52 45 4E 43 45 4C 49 56 45 52 4D 4F 52 45 4E 41 54 49 4F 4E 41 4C 4C 41 42 4F 52 41 54 4F 52 59

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)

Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)

01001100 01000001 01010111 01010010 01000101 01001110 01000011 01000101 00100000 01001100 01001001 01010110 01000101 01010010 01001101 01001111 01010010 01000101 00100000 01001110 01000001 01010100 01001001 01001111 01001110 01000001 01001100 00100000 01001100 01000001 01000010 01001111 01010010 01000001 01010100 01001111 01010010 01011001

HTML Code (1990) (references)

&#76 &#65 &#87 &#82 &#69 &#78 &#67 &#69 &#32 &#76 &#73 &#86 &#69 &#82 &#77 &#79 &#82 &#69 &#32 &#78 &#65 &#84 &#73 &#79 &#78 &#65 &#76 &#32 &#76 &#65 &#66 &#79 &#82 &#65 &#84 &#79 &#82 &#89

ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)

004C 0041 0057 0052 0045 004E 0043 0045 004C 0049 0056 0045 0052 004D 004F 0052 0045 004E 0041 0054 0049 004F 004E 0041 004C 004C 0041 0042 004F 0052 0041 0054 004F 0052 0059

Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)

Domain	Title
Books	From Pilot to Practice�Streamlining Procurement and Engineering at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DOWNLOAD: PDF] (reference) (more book examples)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATIONAL LABORATORY

Crosswords: LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATIONAL LABORATORY

Specialty Definition: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

External Links

Specialty Definition: LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATIONAL LABORATORY

Computing

Commercial Usage: LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATIONAL LABORATORY

Books

Alternative Orthography: LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATIONAL LABORATORY

4C 41 57 52 45 4E 43 45 4C 49 56 45 52 4D 4F 52 45 4E 41 54 49 4F 4E 41 4C 4C 41 42 4F 52 41 54 4F 52 59

&#76 &#65 &#87 &#82 &#69 &#78 &#67 &#69 &#32 &#76 &#73 &#86 &#69 &#82 &#77 &#79 &#82 &#69 &#32 &#78 &#65 &#84 &#73 &#79 &#78 &#65 &#76 &#32 &#76 &#65 &#66 &#79 &#82 &#65 &#84 &#79 &#82 &#89

004C 0041 0057 0052 0045 004E 0043 0045 004C 0049 0056 0045 0052 004D 004F 0052 0045 004E 0041 0054 0049 004F 004E 0041 004C 004C 0041 0042 004F 0052 0041 0054 004F 0052 0059

4635575239483739246435639524749523924835544349483546246353649523554495259

INDEX