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KIDNEY FAILURE, CHRONIC

Specialty Definition: KIDNEY FAILURE, CHRONIC

DomainDefinition

Health

An irreversible and usually progressive reduction in renal function in which both kidneys have been damaged by a variety of diseases to the extent that they are unable to adequately remove the metabolic products from the blood and regulate the body's electrolyte composition and acid-base balance. Chronic kidney failure requires hemodialysis or surgery, usually kidney transplantation. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Alternative Orthography: KIDNEY FAILURE, CHRONIC


Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)

4B 49 44 4E 45 59      46 41 49 4C 55 52 45 2C      43 48 52 4F 4E 49 43

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)

        

Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)

01001011 01001001 01000100 01001110 01000101 01011001 00100000 01000110 01000001 01001001 01001100 01010101 01010010 01000101 00101100 00100000 01000011 01001000 01010010 01001111 01001110 01001001 01000011

HTML Code (1990) (references)

&#75 &#73 &#68 &#78 &#69 &#89 &#32 &#70 &#65 &#73 &#76 &#85 &#82 &#69 &#44 &#32 &#67 &#72 &#82 &#79 &#78 &#73 &#67

ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)

004B 0049 0044 004E 0045 0059      0046 0041 0049 004C 0055 0052 0045 002C      0043 0048 0052 004F 004E 0049 0043

Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)

45433848395924035434655523914237425249484337

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INDEX

1. Orthography
2. Bibliography


  

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.