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Definition: Iron |
IronAdjective1. Extremely robust; "an iron constitution". Noun1. A heavy ductile magnetic metallic element; is silver-white in pure form but readily rusts; used in construction and tools and armament; plays a role in the transport of oxygen by the blood. 2. A golfclub that has a relatively narrow metal head. 3. Metal shackles; for hands or legs. 4. Implement used to brand live stock. 5. Home appliance consisting of a flat metal base that is heated and used to smooth cloth. Verb1. Press and smooth with a heated iron; "press your shirts". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "iron" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1010. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Computing | Iron n. Hardware, especially older and larger hardware of mainframe class with big metal cabinets housing relatively low-density electronics (but the term is also used of modern supercomputers). Often in the phrase big iron. Oppose silicon. See also dinosaur. Source: Jargon File. |
Bible | Iron Tubal-Cain is the first-mentioned worker in iron (Gen. 4:22). The Egyptians wrought it at Sinai before the Exodus. David prepared it in great abundance for the temple (1 Chr. 22:3: 29:7). The merchants of Dan and Javan brought it to the market of Tyre (Ezek. 27:19). Various instruments are mentioned as made of iron (Deut. 27:5; 19:5; Josh. 17:16, 18; 1 Sam. 17:7; 2 Sam. 12:31; 2 Kings 6:5, 6; 1 Chr. 22:3; Isa. 10:34). Figuratively, a yoke of iron (Deut. 28:48) denotes hard service; a rod of iron (Ps. 2:9), a stern government; a pillar of iron (Jer. 1:18), a strong support; a furnace of iron (Deut. 4:20), severe labour; a bar of iron (Job 40:18), strength; fetters of iron (Ps. 107:10), affliction; giving silver for iron (Isa. 60:17), prosperity. Source: Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary. |
Chemical Industry | To smooth or press with a heated iron, as clothes, linens, etc. Source: European Union. (references) |
Chemistry | Chemical element:atomic number 26. Source: European Union. (references) |
Dream Interpretation | To dream of iron, is a harsh omen of distress. To feel an iron weight bearing you down, signifies mental perplexities and material losses. To strike with iron, denotes selfishness and cruelty to those dependent upon you. To dream that you manufacture iron, denotes that you will use unjust means to accumulate wealth. To sell iron, you will have doubtful success, and your friends will not be of noble character. To see old, rusty iron, signifies poverty and disappointment. To dream that the price of iron goes down, you will realize that fortune is a very unsafe factor in your life. If iron advances, you will see a gleam of hope in a dark prospectus. To see red-hot iron in your dreams, denotes failure for you by misapplied energy. Source: Ten Thousand Dreams Interpreted .... |
Literature | Iron The hieroglyphic for iron is which denotes "gold at the bottom" (O), only its upper part is too sharp, volatile, and half corrosive this being taken away, iron would become gold. Iron is called Mars. Strike while the iron is hot. "Battre le fer pendant qu'il est chaud." Make hay while the sun shines. To have many irons in the fire. To have many affairs in hand. If you have too many irons in the fire, some will burn. If you have more affairs in hand than you can properly attend to, some of them will be neglected and turn out badly. Both these locutions refer to the "heaters" or irons employed in laundries. If the "heater" is too hot, it will scorch the linen. To rule with a rod of iron. To rule tyrannically. "Gouverner avec une verge de fer." Iron (See Pig Iron .). Source: Brewer's Dictionary. |
Mechanical Engineering | In chain saws, that part of the(cutter)link that does the actual cutting. Source: European Union. (references) |
Metallurgy | A metallic element, found in the earth's crust in combination with other materials, from which pig iron and steel are made. Source: European Union. (references) |
Mining | A. Iron-base materials not falling into the steel classifications. See also:gray cast iron; ingot iron; malleable cast iron; nodular cast iron; white cast iron; wrought iron b. Colloquially, all derrick and drilling equipment above the heads of the workers on the drill platform c. Any ferrous metal tool or part that must be fished from a borehole. Also called junk d. An isometric mineral, native alpha-Fe ; metallic steel gray to black; sp gr, 7.3 to 7.9. Occurs as grains in basalt in Disko Island, Greenland; in meteorites, and in placers on South Island, New Zealand; and in Oregon and British Columbia. Nickel is commonly reported in iron in quantities up to several percent; meteoric iron generally contains at least 5%, and up to 25% to 65%, nickel. Because of the instability of iron under oxidizing conditions and the abundance of oxygen in the Earth's crust and atmosphere, practically all terrestrial iron occurs in the divalent (ferrous) or trivalent (ferric) state combined with other metals and nonmetallic elements in silicates, oxides, sulfides, etc. e. Fourth most abundant element, by weight, making up the crust of the Earth. Symbol, Fe. The most common ore is hematite, Fe2 O3 , from which the metal is obtained by reduction with carbon. Iron is the cheapest and most abundant, useful, and important of all metal. (references) |
Slang in 1811 | IRON. Money in general. To polish the king's iron with one's eyebrows; to look out of grated or prison windows, or, as the Irishman expresses them, the iron glass windows. Iron doublet; a prison. See STONE DOUBLET. Source: 1811 Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue. |
Statistics | Iron and steel industry. In order to correctly report the use of fuels(coke, coal(PCI), natural gas, oil)used in blast furnaces, the part of the fuel that contributes to blast furnace gas(i. e. , about one-third)is reported in the transformation sector and the part consumed(i. e. , about two-thirds)is reported in the iron and steel industry. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
zh-cn:铁Iron is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Fe and atomic number 26. Iron is group 8 and period 4 metal.
Manganese - Iron - Cobalt Fe
Ru
Full tableGeneral Name, Symbol, Number Iron, Fe, 26 Chemical series transition metal Group, Period, Block 8 (VIIIB), 4 , d Density, Hardness 7874 kg/m3, 4.0 Appearance lustrous metallic
with a greyish tingeAtomic Properties Atomic weight 55.845 amu Atomic radius (calc.) 140 (156) pm Covalent radius 125 pm van der Waals radius no information Electron configuration [Ar]3dCaCO3d64s2 e- 's per energy level 2, 8, 14, 2 Oxidation states (Oxide) 2,3,4,6 (amphoteric) Crystal structure Cubic, body centered Physical Properties State of matter solid (ferromagnetic) Melting point 1808 K (2795 °F) Boiling point 3023 K (4982 °F) Molar volume 7.09 ×1010-3 m3/mol Heat of vaporization 349.6 kJ/mol Heat of fusion 13.8 kJ/mol Vapor pressure 7.05 Pa at 1808 K Speed of sound 4910 m/s at 293.15 K Miscellaneous Electronegativity 1.83 (Pauling scale) Specific heat capacity 440 J/(kg*K) Electrical conductivity 9.93 106/m ohm Thermal conductivity 80.2 W/(m*K) 1st ionization potential 762.5 kJ/mol 2nd ionization potential 1561.9 kJ/mol 3rd ionization potential 2957 kJ/mol 4th ionization potential 5290 kJ/mol Most Stable Isotopes
iso NA half-life DM DE MeV DP 54Fe 5.8% Fe is stable with 28 neutrons 55Fe {syn.} 2.73 y ε capture 0.231 55Mn 56Fe 91.72% Fe is stable with 30 neutrons 57Fe 2.2% Fe is stable with 31 neutrons 58Fe 0.28% Fe is stable with 32 neutrons 59Fe {syn.} 44.503 d &beta 1.565 59Co 60Fe {syn.} 1.5E6 y &beta- 3.978 60Co SI units & STP are used except where noted.
Notable Characteristics
A typical iron atom has 56 times the mass of a typical hydrogen atom. Iron is believed to be the 10th most common element in the universe. Fe is an abbreviation for ferrum, the Latin word for iron.
Iron is a metal extracted from iron ore, and is hardly ever found in the free (elemental) state. In order to obtain elemental iron, the impurities must be removed by chemical reduction. Iron is used in the production of steel, which is not an element but an alloy, a solution of different metals (and some non-metals, particularly carbon).
The nucleus of iron has the highest binding energy per nucleon, so it is the heaviest element that is produced exothermically through fusion and the lightest through fission. When a star that has sufficient mass to produce iron does so, it can no longer produce energy in its core and a supernova will ensue.
Iron is the most common metal in the universe.
Cosmological models with an open universe predict that there will be a phase where as a result of slow fusion and fission reactions, everything will become iron.
Applications
Iron is the most used of all the metals, comprising 95 percent of all the metal tonnage produced worldwide. Its combination of low cost and high strength make it indispensable, especially in applications like automobiles, the hullss of large ships, and structural components for buildings. Steel is the best known alloy of iron, and some of the forms that iron takes include:
- Pig iron has 4% - 5% carbon and contains varying amounts of contaminants such as sulfur, silicon and phosphorus. Its only significance is that of an intermediate step on the way from iron ore to cast iron and steel.
- cast iron contains 2% - 3.5% carbon and small amounts of manganese. Contaminants present in pig iron that negatively affect the material properties, such as sulphur and phosphorus, have been reduced to an acceptable level. It has a melting point in the range of 1420-1470 K, which is lower than either of its two main components, and makes it the first product to be melted when carbon and iron are heated together. It is extremely strong, hard and brittle. Working cast iron, even white hot cast iron, tends to break the object.
- Carbon steel contains between 0.5% and 1.5% carbon, with small amounts of manganese, sulfur, phosphorus, and silicon.
- Wrought iron contains less than 0.5% carbon. It is a tough, malleable product, not as fusible as pig iron. It has a very small amount of carbon, a few tenths of a percent. If honed to an edge, it loses it quickly.
- Alloy steels contain varying amounts of carbon as well as other metals, such as chromium, vanadium, molybdenum, nickel, tungsten, etc.
- Ferric oxides are used in the production of magnetic storage in computers. They are often mixed with other compounds, and retain their magnetic properties in solution.
History
The first signs of use of iron come from the Sumerians and the Egyptians, where around 4000 BC, small items, such as the tips of spears and ornaments, were being fashioned from iron recovered from meteorites.
By 3000 BC to 2000 BC, increasing numbers of smelted iron objects (distinguishable from meteoric iron by the lack of nickel in the product) appear in Mesopotamia, Anatolia, and Egypt. However, their use appears to be ceremonial, and iron was an expensive metal, more expensive than gold. Some resources (see the reference What Caused the Iron Age? below) suggest that iron was being created then as a by-product of copper refining, as sponge iron, and was not reproducible by the metallurgy of the time. By 1600 BC to 1200 BC, iron was used increasingly in the Middle East, but did not supplant the dominant use of bronze.
Axe of iron from Swedish Iron Age, found at
Gotland, SwedenIn the period from the 12th to 10th century, there was a rapid transition in the Middle East from bronze to iron tools and weapons. The critical factor in this transition does not appear to be the sudden onset of a superior ironworking technology, but instead the disruption of the supply of tin. This period of transition, which occurred at different times in different parts of the word, is the ushering in of an age of civilization called the Iron Age.
Concurrent with the transition from bronze to iron was the discovery of carburization, which was the process of adding carbon to the irons of the time. Iron was recovered as sponge iron, a mix of iron and slag with some carbon and/or carbide, which was then repeatedly hammered and folded over to free the mass of slag and oxidise out carbon content, so creating the product wrought iron. Wrought iron was very low in carbon content and was not easily hardened by quenching. The people of the Middle East found that a much harder product could be created by the long term heating of a wrought iron object in a bed of charcoal, which was then quenched in water or oil. The resulting product, which had a surface of steel, was harder and less brittle than the bronze it began to replace.
In China the first irons used were also meteoric iron, with archeological evidence for items made of wrought iron appearing in the northwest, near Xinjiang, in the 8th century BC. These items were made of wrought iron, created by the same processes used in the Middle East and Europe, and were thought to be imported by non-Chinese people.
In the later years of the Zhou Dynasty (ca 550 BC), a new iron manufacturing capability began because of a highly developed kiln technology. Producing blast furnaces capable of temperatures exceeding 1300 K, the Chinese developed the manufacture of cast, or pig iron. If iron ores are heated with carbon to 1420-1470 K, a molten liquid is formed, an alloy of about 96.5% iron and 3.5% carbon. This product is strong, can be cast into intricate shapes, but is too brittle to be worked, unless the product is decarburized to remove most of the carbon. The vast majority of Chinese iron manufacture, from the Zhou dynasty onward, was of cast iron. Iron, however, remained a pedestrian product, used by farmers for hundreds of years, and did not really affect the nobility of China until the Qin dynasty (ca 221 BC).
Cast iron development lagged in Europe, as the smelters could only achieve temperatures of about 1000 K. Through a good portion of the Middle Ages, in Western Europe, iron was still being made by the working of sponge iron into wrought iron. Some of the earliest casting of iron in Europe occurred in Sweden, in two sites, Lapphyttan and Vinarhyttan, between 1150 and 1350 AD. There are suggestions by scholars that the practice may have followed the Mongols across Russia to these sites, but there is no clear proof of this hypothesis. In any event, by the late fourteenth century, a market for cast iron goods began to form, as a demand developed for cast iron cannonballs.
Early iron smelting (as the process is called) used charcoal as both the heat source and the reducing agent. In 18th century England, wood supplies ran down and coke, a fossil fuel, was used as an alternative. This innovation by Abraham Darby supplied the energy for the Industrial Revolution.
Occurrence
Iron is one of the more common elements on Earth, making up about 5% of the Earth's crust.
Iron is extracted from the ore hematite, which is mainly Fe2O3. The iron is separated from the ore by reduction with carbon - a more reactive element. This process takes place in a blast furnace at temperatures of about 2000°C.
First coke, mainly carbon, is entered in to the furnace and reacts with the oxygen to form carbon dioxide:
Then the carbon dioxide reacts with more carbon to form carbon monoxide:
- C + O2 → CO2
Carbon monoxide goes on to actually react with the haematite ore:
- CO2 + C → 2CO
The iron is tapped off as a liquid. However it is still not pure, the main impurity being sand (silicon dioxide). This is reacted with limestone (CaCO3) to form slag First the limestone (3) is decomposed to calcium monoxide and carbon dioxide:
- 3CO + Fe2O3 → 2Fe + 3CO2
Then the calcium monoxide reacts with the silicon dioxide forming slag, which can be used for road-building or fertiliser:
- CaCO3 → CaO + CO2
Approximately 1100Mt (million tons) of iron ore was produced in the world in 2000, with a gross market value of approximately 25 billion US dollars. While ore production occurs in 48 countries, the five largest producers were China, Brazil, Australia, Russia and India, accounting for 70% of world iron ore production. The 1100Mt of iron ore was used to produce approximately 572Mt of pig iron.
- CaO + SiO2 → CaSiO3
Compounds
Common oxidation states of iron include:
- the ferrous state, Fe+2,
- the ferric state, Fe+3,
- the ferryl state, Fe+4, stabilized in some enzymes (e.g. peroxidases).
- Iron (VI) is also known, if rare. In the form of potassium-ferrate (K2FeO4) it is a selective oxidizer for primary alcohols. The solid is only stable under vacuum and dark purple in both (caustic) solution and as a solid.
- iron carbide Fe3C is known as cementite.
- see also iron oxide
Biology
Essential in animals, where iron is the central atom in the heme molecule, and therefore an essential component of all hemoproteins. Inorganic iron is also found in the iron-sulfur clusters of many enzymes.
Bacteria often use iron. When the body is fighting a bacterial infection, the body "hides" iron so it cannot be used by the bacteria.
Isotopes
Iron has four naturally-occurring stable isotopes, 54Fe, 56Fe, 57Fe and 58Fe. The relative abundances of the Fe isotopes in nature are approximately 54Fe (5.8%), 56Fe (91.7%), 57Fe (2.2%) and 58Fe (0.3%). 60Fe is an extinct radionuclide which had a long half-life (1.5 Myr). Much of the past work on measuring the isotopic composition of Fe has centered on determining 60Fe variations due to processes accompanying nucleosynthesis (i.e., meteorite studies) and ore formation. In phases of the meteorites Semarkona und Chervony Kut a correlation between the concentration of 60Ni, the daughter product of 60Fe, and the abundance of the stable iron isotopes could be found which is evidence for the existence of 60Fe at time formation of solar system. Possibly the energy released by the decay of 60Fe contributed, together with the energy released by decay of the radionuclide 26Al, to the remelting and differentiation of asteroids after their formation 4.6 billion years ago. The abundance of 60Ni present in extraterrestrial material may also provide further insight into the origin of the solar system and its early history. Of the stable isotopes, only 57Fe has a nuclear spin (-1/2). For this reason, 57Fe has application as a spin isotope in chemistry and biochemistry.
Precautions
Excessive dietary iron is toxic, because excess ferrous iron reacts with peroxides in the body, producing free radicals. When iron is in normal quantity, the body's own antioxidant mechanisms can control this process. In excess, uncontrollable quantities of free radicals are produced.
The lethal dose of iron in a 2 year old is about 3 grams of iron. One gram can induce severe poisoning. There are reported cases of children being poisoned by consuming between 10-50 tablets of ferrous sulfate over a few hour period. Overconsumption of iron is the single highest cause of death in children by unintentional ingestion of pharmaceuticals.
If iron intake is uncontrollably high, a disease results, called hemochromatosis. The iron excess accumulates in the liver, with siderosis and organ damage as a result. For this reason, people shouldn't take iron supplements unless they suffer from iron deficiency.
See also: ironing.
External links
- WebElements.com - Iron
- EnvironmentalChemistry.com - Iron
- It's Elemental - Iron
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Iron."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Axe of iron from Swedish Iron Age, found at
Gotland, SwedenThe term Iron Age refers to the period in a civilisation's development at which time iron working was the most sophisticated form of metalworking achieved. Though well made bronze tools far surpass iron tools as far as hardness and utility are concerned the abundance of iron ore sources made iron cheap and contributed greatly to its adoption as the most common metalurgical process. The Iron Age is part of the Three-age system for prehistoric societies.
In Britain, the Iron Age lasted from about the 5th century BC (although some believe it to have started significantly later, around 1st century BC) to the 4th century AD. Defensive structures dating from this time are often impressive (for example, the brochs in Scotland). This is possibly because of greater tension between better structured groups, although there are suggestions that in the latter phases of the Iron Age they existed simply to indicate wealth. Either way, during periods of Roman occupation the evidence suggests the defensive structures served their purpose well. Many were re-used by later cultures, such as the Picts, in the early Medieval period.
- Earlier Bronze Age
- Later Middle Ages and in parts of Europe, Roman occupation. In Sweden and partly in other nordic countries, the last part of the Iron Age (about 800 - 1100) is commonly called the Viking Age.
Roman statuette of bronze
from Swedish Iron Age,
found at Öland
(larger image)Structures:
- Broch
- Crannog
- Dun
- Fort
- Roundhouse
- Wag
- Wheelhouse
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Iron Age."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Iron County is a county located in the U.S. State of Missouri. As of 2000, the population is 10,697. Its county seat is Ironton6.Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,430 km² (552 mi²). 1,428 km² (551 mi²) of it is land and 2 km² (1 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 0.13% water.Demographics
As of the census2 of 2000, there are 10,697 people, 4,197 households, and 2,963 families residing in the county. The population density is 7/km² (19/mi²). There are 4,907 housing units at an average density of 3/km² (9/mi²). The racial makeup of the county is 96.74% White, 1.56% Black or African American, 0.34% Native American, 0.09% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 0.22% from other races, and 1.05% from two or more races. 0.58% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 4,197 households out of which 32.00% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.80% are married couples living together, 9.40% have a female householder with no husband present, and 29.40% are non-families. 25.80% of all households are made up of individuals and 11.40% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.46 and the average family size is 2.94. In the county the population is spread out with 25.00% under the age of 18, 7.80% from 18 to 24, 25.30% from 25 to 44, 24.80% from 45 to 64, and 17.10% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 40 years. For every 100 females there are 94.80 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 90.80 males. The median income for a household in the county is $26,080, and the median income for a family is $31,731. Males have a median income of $28,603 versus $16,615 for females. The per capita income for the county is $14,227. 19.00% of the population and 13.80% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 27.60% are under the age of 18 and 13.20% are 65 or older.Cities and towns
*Annapolis
*Arcadia
*Des Arc
*Ironton
*Pilot Knob
*ViburnumSource: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Iron County, Missouri."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Ironing or smoothing is the work of using a heated tool to remove wrinkles from washed clothes. The common tools for this purpose are called "irons", though modern designs are no longer made of iron. Ironing works by loosening the bonds between the long-chain polymer molecules in the fibres of the material. While the molecules are hot, the fibres are straightened by the weight of the iron, and they hold their new shape as they cool. Some fabrics, such as cotton, require the addition of water to loosen the intermolecular bonds. Many modern fabrics (developed in or after the mid-twentieth century) are advertised as needing little or no ironing.
History
Metal pans filled with charcoal were used for smoothing fabrics in China in the 1st century BC. From the 17th century, sadirons, thick slabs of cast iron, delta-shaped and with a handle, heated in a fire, began to be used in Europe. A later design consisted of an iron box which could be filled with hot coals, which had to be periodically aerated by attaching a bellows. This type was on sale in the USA until at least 1902.In the industrialized world, these designs have been superseded by the electric iron, which uses resistive heating from an electric current. The hot plate, called the sole plate, is no longer made of iron but of aluminium, which is lighter. The heating element is controlled by a thermostat which switches the current on and off to maintain the selected temperature.
The invention of the resistively heated electric iron is credited to Henry W. Seeley of New York in 1882. In the same year an iron heated by a carbon arc was introduced in France, but was too dangerous to be successful. The first thermostatically controlled electric iron appeared in the 1920s.
In recent years, some people have invented the sport of Extreme Ironing, which consists of ironing clothing under creatively difficult circumstances.
Safe ironing temperatures
- Linen: 230°C
- Triacetate: 200°C
- Cotton: 204°C
- Viscose: 190°C
- Wool: 148°C
- Polyester: 148°C
- Silk: 148°C
- Acetate: 143°C
- Acrylic: 135°C
- Lycra/Spandex: 135°C
- Nylon 6.6: 135°C
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Ironing."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
| IRE | English | Iron responsive element | Medicine |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: IronSynonyms: cast-iron (adj), atomic number 26 (n), branding iron (n), chain (n), chains (n), irons (n), smoothing iron (n), iron out (v). (additional references) |
| Synonyms by domain: iron-on (sports & leisure). |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Hardness | Stone, pebble, flint, marble, rock, fossil, crag, crystal, quartz, granite, adamant; bone, cartilage; hardware; heart of oak, block, board, deal board; iron, steel; cast iron, decarbonized iron, wrought iron; nail; brick, concrete; cement. |
Resolution | Adjective: resolved; Verb: determined; strong-willed, strong-minded; resolute; (brave); self-possessed; decided, definitive, peremptory, tranchant; unhesitating, unflinching, unshrinking; firm, iron, gritty, indomitable, game to the backbone; inexorable, relentless, not to be shaken, not to be put down; tenax propositi; inflexible; (hard); obstinate; steady; (persevering) a. |
Smoothness | Verb: smooth, smoothen; plane; file; mow, shave; level, roll; macadamize; polish, burnish, calender, glaze; iron, hot-press, mangle; lubricate; (oil). |
Strength | Adamant, steel, iron, oak, heart of oak; iron grip; grit, bone. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | We will drive the machine of war with the sword and the spear and the iron fist of the orc. (The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers; writing credit: Frances Walsh) Hand wash, no bleach, tumble dry, medium heat, cool iron. (Monk; writing credit: Andy Breckman; David Breckman) John Major! The Iron Man, banishing those rebels to the wilderness (Drop the Dead Donkey; writing credit: Andy Hamilton; Guy Jenkin) He's about 455 yards away, he's gonna hit about a 2 iron I think (Caddyshack; writing credit: Brian Doyle-Murray; Harold Ramis) Yeah, yeah, I know - you close the iron door on me (Twentieth Century; writing credit: Charles Bruce Millholl; Ben Hecht) | |
Lyrics | Everybody's hard as iron (Method Of Modern Love; performing artist: Hall & oates) I want to ride in an iron wheel (Girl With the Hungry Eyes; performing artist: JEFFERSON STARSHIP) Cat's foot iron claw (21st CENTURY SCHIZOID MAN; performing artist: King Crimson) Mother has to iron his shirt (Our House; performing artist: Madness) One fist of iron, the other of steel ("Sixteen Tons"; performing artist: Tennessee Ernie Ford) | |
Clever | On packaging for a Rowenta iron: "Do not iron clothes on body. (references; author: unknown) Love is the only fire hot enough to melt the iron obstinacy of a creature's will. (references; author: unknown) The Iron Rule: Don't do for others what, given the chance, they wouldn't do for themselves. (references; author: unknown) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Bamboo Gods and Iron Men (1974) Blood of the Iron Maiden (1970) Iron Bread (1970) Men of Iron (1969) Iron Flood (1967) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References |
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Books |
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Periodicals | |||
Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
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High Tech |
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Consumer Goods | |||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | This is a scanning electron microscope image from normal circulating human blood. One can see red blood cells, several white blood cells including lymphocytes, a monocyte, a neutrophil, and many small disc-shaped platelets. Red cells are nonnucleated, and contain hemoglobin, containing iron an important protein which allows the cell to carry oxygen to other parts of the body. They also carry away carbon dioxide from the lungs. The infection-fighting white blood cells, are classified in 2 main groups: granular and agranular. Granulocytes are formed in bone marrow, agranulocytes are produced by lymph nodes and spleen. There are two types of agranulocytes: lymphocytes, fight disease by producing antibodies and thus destroying foreign material, and monocytes. Platelets are tiny cells formed in bone marrow and are necessary for blood clotting. Credit: Bruce Wetzel (photographer). Harry Schaefer (phot. |  | Pictured is src protein which is associated with Rous virus and is labeled with black iron particles. Credit: Linda Bartlett (photographer). |
 | Histopathology of lung showing ferruginous body. A fiber of asbestos or related substance is coated by an iron-protein complex and surrounded by macrophages. Prussian blue iron stain. Credit: CDC. |  | Collection of aids used by polio victims, including the iron lung. Credit: CDC. |
 | Iron Cross Attitude Simulator With Pilot. Credit: NASA. |  | Iron ore carrier departing Two Harbors area on Lake Superior. Credit: America's Coastlines. |
 | A map of the Iron Mountain Mine area. Credit: NOAA Restoration Center. |  | A view of Redding, California from Iron Mountain. Credit: NOAA Restoration Center. |
 | Yellow iron oxide comes from hydrothermal vents; white is bacterial mat. Credit: National Undersea Research Program (NURP). |  | Inactive hydrothermal chimneys made of iron oxide on Loihi volcano. Credit: National Undersea Research Program (NURP). |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "Rod Iron" by Brad David Commentary: "Rod Iron structure with a tan wall." | "Iron man" by Joanka Betlej Commentary: "We have a great exhibiton of mitoraj's sculptures - and they are great!." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Play | Caption |
 | Squash; flatten; smoosh; smash; abrade; beat down; bowl over; compress; crush; debase; deflate; depress; even out; fell; floor; flush; grade; ground; iron out; knock down; lay; lay low; level; mow down; plane; plaster; prostrate; raze; roll; smash; smooth. |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Author | Quotation |
Alphonse De Lamartine | Habit with it's iron sinews, clasps us and leads us day by day. |
Andrel Gromyko | Comrades, this man has a nice smile, but he's got iron teeth. |
Antisthenes | As iron is eaten away by rust, so the envious are consumed by their own passion. |
Charles V | Iron hand in a velvet glove. |
Leonardo Da Vinci | Just as iron rusts from disuse, even so does inaction spoil the intellect. |
Oliver Cromwell | Make the iron hot by striking it. |
Publilius Syrus | You should hammer your iron when it is glowing hot. |
Ralph Waldo Emerson | Trust thyself: every heart vibrates to that iron string. |
William Shakespeare | Soft pity enters an iron gate. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
John Locke | 1690 | It would be a strange catalogue of things, that industry provided and made use of, about every loaf of bread, before it came to our use, if we could trace them; iron, wood, leather, bark, timber, stone, bricks, coals, lime, cloth, dying drugs, pitch, tar, masts, ropes, and all the materials made use of in the ship, that brought any of the commodities made use of by any of the workmen, to any part of the work; all which it would be almost impossible, at least too long, to reckon up. (Second Treatise of Government) |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | The mandate given by Article 57 of the Treaty of Berlin of July 13, 1878, to Austria-Hungary, and transferred by her to Hungary to carry out works at the Iron Gates, is abrogated. (reference) |
Winston S. Churchill | 1946 | In front of the iron curtain which lies across Europe are other causes for anxiety. ("Iron Curtain" Speech) |
John F. Kennedy | 1961 | To those new states whom we welcome to the ranks of the free, we pledge our word that one form of colonial control shall not have passed away merely to be replaced by a far more iron tyranny. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
A Christmas Carol | Dickens, Charles | Upon the floor within, were piled up heaps of rusty keys, nails, chains, hinges, files, scales, weights, and refuse iron of all kinds |
Scarlet Letter | Hawthorne, Nathaniel | The very ideal of ignominy was embodied and made manifest in this contrivance of wood and iron. |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | The scaffold is not a mere frame, the scaffold is not a machine, the scaffold is not an inert piece of mechanism made of wood, of iron, and of ropes |
Grapes of Wrath | Steinbeck, John | When the corrugated iron doors are shut, he goes home, and his home is not the land |
Gulliver's Travels | Swift, Jonathan | I trebled the cable to make it stronger, and for the same reason I twisted three of the iron bars together, binding the extremities into a hook |
Walden | Thoreau, Henry David | The stabler of the iron horse was up early this winter morning by the light of the stars amid the mountains, to fodder and harness his steed |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Low iron levels or anemia. (references) | |
Iron is an essential nutrient found in many foods. (references) | ||
Iron supplements will be ordered if you have anemia. (references) | ||
Business | Valves are manufactured from local iron scrap. (references) | |
Half the imported waste was iron scrap and plastic residues. (references) | ||
These projects include sites with iron, phosphate, bauxite, copper and zinc deposits. (references) | ||
Children | Bulgaria | For example, as punishment, women were held in a cage made of iron bars and wire; the NGO observers noted that the cage floor was dirty with human excrement. (references) |
Pakistan | The International Labor Organization (ILO) reports that 8 percent of children suffer from iron deficiency and 30 to 40 percent of children in the country suffer from stunted growth. (references) | |
Economic History | Liberia | Iron production ceased entirely. (references) |
Human Rights | Brazil | In April the U.N. Special Rapporteur on Torture testified to seeing iron bars and wooden sticks used to beat FEBEM inmates. (references) |
Brazil | With repique, after attempted escapes or rebellions, employees gather inmates and beat them with iron bars, sticks, and chains. (references) | |
United Kingdom | The attackers have used iron pipes, baseball bats, sledgehammers, and spiked clubs to beat their victims or shot them in the knees and legs. (references) | |
Minorities | Slovak Republic | There was no progress during the year in a number of 2000 cases of violence against Roma, and others including, an August case in which Rom Jan Sudman was shot and injured while doing clean-up work in the public works program; a July case in which a group of 50 Roman armed with machetes, knives, axes, and iron rods allegedly forced a moving car to stop and attacked one of its occupants; a March case in which approximately 20 supporters of the skinhead movement attacked 2 Brazilians and 2 Angolans in Bratislava; and a January case in which a group of skinheads beat an African American citizen. (references) |
Political Economy | Mauritania | Fish and iron ore are the country's main export-earners. (references) |
MALAYSIA | In April 1999, another licensing requirement was established for certain iron and steel products. (references) | |
Trade | Malaysia | Another license requirement was established in April 1999 for certain iron and steel products. (references) |
Sweden | After Sweden's entry into the European Union on January 1, 1995, import licenses are required for a number of commodities, especially textiles, steel and iron products, foodstuffs and live animals. (references) | |
China | However, many products subject to import quotas also require import licenses, including some wool, grains, oilseeds and oilseed products, cotton, iron and steel products, commercial aircraft, passenger vehicles, fertilizer, hauling trucks, and rubber products. (references) | |
Women | Kuwait | In 2000 a Sri Lankan maid was beaten severely with a plastic water pipe, strangled with a wire, and repeatedly tortured with a hot iron, allegedly by a Kuwaiti couple who employed her. (references) |
Worker Rights | United Arab Emirates | However, upon their arrival, their local sponsor seized their passports and locked them in a villa with iron grates on the windows. (references) |
Australia | This decision ended a long running dispute between BHP, which had refused to negotiate a collective agreement, and the iron ore miners. (references) | |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | HEAD-:MONEY:, n. A capitation tax, or poll-tax. In ancient times there lived a king Whose tax-collectors could not wring From all his subjects gold enough To make the royal way less rough. For pleasure's highway, like the dames Whose premises adjoin it, claims Perpetual repairing. So The tax-collectors in a row Appeared before the throne to pray Their master to devise some way To swell the revenue. "So great," Said they, "are the demands of state A tithe of all that we collect Will scarcely meet them. Pray reflect: How, if one-tenth we must resign, Can we exist on t'other nine?" The monarch asked them in reply: "Has it occurred to you to try The advantage of economy?" "It has," the spokesman said: "we sold All of our gray garrotes of gold; With plated-ware we now compress The necks of those whom we assess. Plain iron forceps we employ To mitigate the miser's joy Who hoards, with greed that never tires, That which your Majesty requires." Deep lines of thought were seen to plow Their way across the royal brow. "Your state is desperate, no question; Pray favor me with a suggestion." "O King of Men," the spokesman said, "If you'll impose upon each head A tax, the augmented revenue We'll cheerfully divide with you." As flashes of the sun illume The parted storm-cloud's sullen gloom, The king smiled grimly. "I decree That it be so -- and, not to be In generosity outdone, Declare you, each and every one, Exempted from the operation Of this new law of capitation. But lest the people censure me Because they're bound and you are free, 'Twere well some clever scheme were laid By you this poll-tax to evade. I'll leave you now while you confer With my most trusted minister." The monarch from the throne-room walked And straightway in among them stalked A silent man, with brow concealed, Bare-armed -- his gleaming axe revealed! G.J. |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Don Rickles | Well, let me tell you this. I used to sit in his dressing room, and he would have a nine iron in his hand. And I'd say, you know, Dean, tomorrow the wife and I are going to go to New York and we're going to have wonderful time. |
Martha Stewart | I cook. I still clean. I iron. But I iron because I want to know what it really takes to iron now. I just got myself one of those big new hotel ironing machines that can iron, you know, five napkins at the same time in one big sheet. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
John F. Kennedy | 1961-1963 | To those new States whom we welcome to the ranks of the free, we pledge our word that one form of colonial control shall not have passed away merely to be replaced by a far more iron tyranny. |
Lyndon B. Johnson | 1963-1969 | We seek not fidelity to an iron faith, but a diversity of belief as varied as man himself. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Iron" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 94.50% of the time. "Iron" is used about 4,539 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 94.5% | 4,289 | 2,298 |
| Lexical Verb (infinitive) | 2.82% | 128 | 28,261 |
| Noun (proper) | 2.31% | 105 | 31,781 |
| Lexical Verb (base form) | 0.37% | 17 | 85,106 |
| Total | 100.00% | 4,539 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes the usage of "iron" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified. |
| Name | Usage/Gender | Usage per 100 million Persons | Rank in USA |
| Iron | Last name | 200 | 37,758 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits. | |||
| The following table summarizes names derived from the word "iron". | |||
| Name | Gender | Language | Meaning |
| Barzillai | N/A | Biblical | Made of iron |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references.
| |||
| Country | Name | Country | Name |
| China | Maanshan Iron And Steel Company Ltd | Egypt | Alexandria National Iron and Steel Company (ANSDK) |
| India | Tata Iron and Steel Co. Ltd. | Japan | Chuo Malleable Iron Co., Ltd. |
| Netherlands | Chicago Bridge & Iron Company N.V. | South Korea | Hanbo Iron & Steel Co. Ltd. |
| Taiwan | Feng Hsin Iron & Steel Co., Ltd. | Thailand | Thailand Iron Works Public Co. Ltd. |
| USA | Great Northern Iron Ore Properties | ||
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
1. Iron, MN |
Expressions using "iron": 2. wrought iron ♦ a man with iron nerves ♦ acid Bessemer pig iron ♦ alloy cast iron ♦ alloy iron ♦ alpha iron ♦ ammonium iron bis(sulphate) ♦ an iron hand in a velvet glove ♦ Angle iron ♦ argillaceous iron ore ♦ bar iron ♦ barking iron ♦ basic Bessemer pig iron ♦ basic iron ♦ Berlin iron ♦ Bessemer pig iron ♦ beta iron ♦ big iron ♦ bog iron ♦ bog iron ore ♦ Boiler iron ♦ Boom iron ♦ Brand iron ♦ branding iron ♦ Bridle iron ♦ brown iron ore ♦ Bucking iron ♦ Burling iron ♦ Calking iron ♦ cast iron ♦ Channel iron ♦ charcoal pig iron ♦ Chelated Iron ♦ chilled iron ♦ Chinsing iron ♦ chromic iron ♦ climbing iron ♦ commercial iron ♦ core iron ♦ corrugated iron ♦ Cramp iron ♦ Crimping iron ♦ Crisping iron ♦ crude iron ♦ curling iron ♦ Damascus iron ♦ dealer in scrap iron ♦ Decarbonized iron ♦ delta iron ♦ driving iron ♦ electric iron ♦ Fagot iron ♦ ferritic malleable cast iron ♦ ferritic malleable iron ♦ fire iron ♦ Firing iron ♦ five iron ♦ flat iron ♦ Fluting iron ♦ Foot iron ♦ galvanized iron ♦ gamma iron ♦ gaufering iron ♦ Gauffering iron ♦ Gilmanton Iron W ♦ graphitic cast iron ♦ grappling iron ♦ Gray iron ♦ Green iron ore ♦ Grozing iron ♦ Harping iron ♦ Hawser iron ♦ headed with iron ♦ hematite pig iron ♦ hoop iron ♦ Horse iron ♦ ingot iron ♦ iron age ♦ iron agle ♦ iron alum ♦ iron and steel industry ♦ iron and steel works ♦ iron bacteria ♦ iron bar ♦ iron bedstead ♦ Iron Belt ♦ iron blue ♦ iron boot ♦ iron box ♦ iron bridge ♦ iron by hydrogen ♦ iron cage ♦ iron carbide ♦ Iron cement ♦ iron Chancellor ♦ Iron Chelating Agents ♦ iron chloride ♦ Iron City ♦ iron clad ♦ Iron clay ♦ iron club. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "iron": Iron-age, iron-and, iron-and-steel, iron-banded, iron-bar, iron-bark, iron-barred, iron-bearing, iron-bed, iron-bladed, iron-bleomycin, iron-bound, Iron-cased, iron-casting, iron-centre, iron-centres, iron-chelating, iron-clad, iron-clawed, iron-cold, iron-complex, iron-containing, iron-coupled, iron-deficiency, iron-depleted, iron-derived, Iron-Dextran Complex, iron-dust, iron-edta, iron-fall, iron-fastened, iron-ferrous, iron-filing, iron-filings, iron-fist, Iron-fisted, iron-founder, iron-founders, iron-founding, iron-framed, iron-free, iron-fronted, iron-frosted, iron-gall, iron-girder, iron-gray, iron-grey, iron-handed, iron-handled, iron-hard, iron-headed, Iron-hearted, iron-hooped, iron-hulled, iron-hydroxide, iron-jawed, iron-laced, iron-making, iron-masters, iron-nickel, iron-nickel, iron-on, iron-ore, iron-ore field, iron-outlined, iron-oxide, iron-panelled, iron-pierced, iron-pointed, iron-porphyrin, iron-railed, iron-refining, iron-rich, iron-rimmed, iron-ring, iron-shod, Iron-sick, Iron-sided, iron-slitting, iron-smelting, iron-smithing, iron-spiked, iron-sprung, iron-stone, iron-storage disease, iron-studded, Iron-Sulfur, Iron-Sulfur Proteins, iron-tannate, iron-tipped, iron-to-copper, iron-toothed, iron-tyred, iron-wheeled, iron-will, iron-willed, iron-work, iron-workers, iron-working. | |
Ending with "iron": back-iron, corrugated-iron, eight-iron, five-iron, flat-iron, four-iron, humus-iron, nickel-iron, nine-iron, non-iron, pig-iron, sand-iron, seven-iron, wrought-iron. | |
Containing "iron": bog-iron ore, cast-iron plant, corrugated-iron-roofed, have a cast-iron digestion, neodymium-iron-boron, nickel-iron accumulator, nickel-iron battery, Parkers-Iron Springs, wrought-iron casting, wrought-iron gate, wrought-iron scrap. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
iron maiden | 5,388 | wrought iron fence | 333 |
iron man | 1,803 | wrought iron gate | 318 |
iron | 1,368 | iron butterfly | 289 |
wrought iron | 1,151 | iron casting | 288 |
iron bed | 1,121 | ornamental iron | 287 |
wrought iron furniture | 540 | iron lyrics maiden | 283 |
cross of iron | 514 | iron fence | 282 |
iron horse | 486 | iron storm | 280 |
five iron frenzy | 467 | wrought iron patio furniture | 274 |
hearts of iron | 466 | iron man magazine | 271 |
iron mountain | 465 | gray iron casting | 263 |
iron mountain mi | 454 | ductile iron casting | 262 |
wrought iron bed | 442 | iron horse motorcycle | 253 |
iron deficiency | 413 | iron furniture | 251 |
iron chef | 377 | flat iron | 231 |
iron on transfer | 373 | iron steam | 228 |
iron gate | 360 | cast iron cookware | 222 |
cast iron | 356 | iron on patch | 219 |
pumping iron | 336 | iron supplement | 214 |
iron rich food | 335 | iron maiden tab | 210 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Translations for "iron"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaans | yster. (various references) | |
Albanian | i hekurt (irony), vë në pranga (chain, enchain), pranga (cuff, gyve, handcuff, irons, manacle, nippers, shackle, shackles), hekuros (press, smooth), hekura (grate, handcuffs, manacle), hekur për hekurosje (flatiron), hekur (pressing, rail, stile), gjë prej hekuri. (various references) | |
Arabic | كوى الملابس (launder), مكوة (smoothing iron), قيد بالأصفاد, قوة (ability, agency, arm, authority, birr, capacity, clout, dint, energy, faculty, force, forcefulness, forcing, hardihood, intension, intensity, leverage, might, operation, potency, power, severity, sinew, solidity, stamina, starch, stoutness, strength, vehemence, vigor, vigour, violence, virility, virtue), حديدي (chalybeate, ferreous, ferric, ferrous, ferruginous), حديد (irons), زود بالحديد, صلابة (callosity, hardihood, hardness, hards, inflexibility, perseverance, reliability, resistance, rigidity, rigorism, singleness, solidity, soundness, stability, steadiness, stiffness, stoutness, strength, stubbornness, tenacity, toughmindness, toughness), الصين (china). (various references) | |
Basque | lisa. (various references) | |
Blackfoot | iihtáísttsikááhkiaakio'p. (various references) | |
Bulgarian | гладя (grind, press), пищов (dag, horse, pistol), покривам с желязо, железен (ferreous, ferrous, irony), железен препарат, желязо (adamant, ferro), жесток (bestial, bloody, butcherly, cruel, dark, diabolic, diabolical, draconian, draconic, fell, ferocious, fiendish, fierce, ghoulish, grinding, harsh, ill, infernal, inhuman, inhumane, mean, merciless, monstrous, outrageous, sanguinary, shrewd, slashing, truculent, unfeeling, unkind, unmerciful, unrelenting), дамга (brand), оглаждам (even, press, rake, smooth out), ютия (flatiron, sadiron), чугун (cast iron, pig, pig iron), харпун (gaff, gig, harpoon, spear), силен (acute, athletic, beefy, emphatic, energetic, flush, forceful, forcible, foul-mouthed, full, generous, hard, heavy, high, intense, invulnerable, loud, lusty, main, male, mighty, muscled, muscular, nappy, nervous, nervy, perishing, pithy, potent, powerful, rattling, robust, short, shrewd, smacking, smart, sounding, stark, stiff, strong, sturdy, swingeing, telling, tenacious, thumping, thundering, torrid, two-fisted, vehement, vigorous), слагам окови на (manacle), як (brawny, chopping, fast, fit, flourishing, grunting ox, hard, husky, lusty, robust, rude, rugged, stalwart, stocky, stout, sturdy, thickset, tough, two-fisted, vigorous, yak), стомана (adamant, steel), суров (austere, coarse, crude, dour, draconian, flinty, green, grim, hard, harsh, iron-bound, raw, rigorous, rough, rude, rugged, severe, smart, stiff, uncharitable, uncooked, uncouth, unpitying, unseasoned), обковавам (plate, sheathe). (various references) | |
Catalan | planxar (iron clothes, to iron), planxa (flat-iron), ferro. (various references) | |
Chamorro | lulok. (various references) | |
Chinese | 鐵 , 钢 (Irons, steel). (various references) | |
Croatian | izglaèate. (various references) | |
Czech | urovnat (adjust, arrange, even out, iron out, make up, put things straight, settle), železo (ferro), železný (cast iron, ferriferous, ferruginous, steely), železná hùl, žehlit (launder, press), žehlièka (flatiron). (various references) | |
Danish | jern (dip rod, proof rod, trying iron), strygejern (flat-iron). (various references) | |
Dutch | ijzeren, ijzer, winkelhaak (carpenter's square), strýken (iron clothes, lower, strike), strýkbout (flat-iron), strýkýzer (flat-iron), krullenbreker (cutter, in chain saws, knife, that part of the(cutter)link that does the actual cutting), gladstrýken (iron clothes, make smooth, smooth), bout (flat-iron), ýzeren, ýzer. (various references) | |
Esperanto | gladilo, gladi (iron clothes), fero, fera. (various references) | |
Faeroese | strúka (iron clothes), pressa (iron clothes), jarn. (various references) | |
Farsi | اهن پوش کردن , اهن , اتوکردن (Goose), اتوزدن (Press), اتو (Goose), اطو. (various references) | |
Finnish | rauta. (various references) | |
French | fer, repasser (iron clothes), fer à repasser (ironer, smoothing iron). (various references) | |
Frisian | izeren, izer, strykizer (flat-iron). (various references) | |
German | Eisen (chill, ferric, ice), plätten (iron clothes, ironing, press), eisern (flagging, indefatigable, ironclad, unshakable), bügeln (hammer, iron clothes, ironing, lick, press, thrash), plätteisen (battledore, pallette), Bügeleisen (flat-iron). (various references) | |
Greek | σιδερώνω (calender, do the ironing, mangle, press). (various references) | |
Hebrew | ברזל (fetter, iron tool). (various references) | |
Hungarian | vas, vasaló (flat iron, sad-iron). (various references) | |
Icelandic | járn-, járn. (various references) | |
Indonesian | menggosok (embrocate, furbish, grind, incite, instigate, polish, rub, scour, shine). (various references) | |
Irish | iarran, iarann. (various references) | |
Italian | ferro (bar, chains, instruments, rod), ferro da stiro (flat-iron). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 鉄分 , 鉄 , 黒鉄 , 黒鉄 , 黒金 , 天火 (fire caused by lightning, oven), アーリア人 (art deco, art nouveau, Aryan, climbing irons, crampons, eye, eye shadow, eyeshade, frozen treat similar to a Popsicle, IACA, ice, ice candy, ice cream, ice cream soda, ice cube, ice dancing, ice hockey, ice pail, ice pick, ice rink, ice show, ice skating place, ice smack, ice tongs, icebox, icecream sundae, iced coffee, iced tea, icefall, Iceland, ice-skating, icetea, icing, icing the puck, icon, iconify, ILO, IMF, intelligence quotient, International Atomic Energy Agency, International Labor Organization, International Monetary Fund, ion, IQ, iron club, measure of area, metal pins of climbing shoes, popsicle, Rh, Rhesus factor, skating rink, to take the radius), アイボリー板紙 (eyelash curler, eyeline, guide dog, iris, ironical, irony, ivory paper, Seeing Eye dog). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | くろがね, アイロン , アイアン (ion), てつぶん, てつ (be lost, beautiful, hide, in turn, mistake, peace), てんぴ (oven, sunlight, the sun). (various references) | |
Korean | 철 (ferrous, Irons). (various references) | |
Malay | seterika (flat-iron, iron clothes), menyeterika (iron clothes), besi. (various references) | |
Manx | yiarnal (ironing), yiarn (blade of scythe, dough, flat iron, scythe, tin, tin money, tip, tool), smoodal (calender, ironing, smooth, smooth over, smoothing). (various references) | |
Maya | hibib. (various references) | |
Norwegian | stryke (fail, iron clothes), jern-, jern. (various references) | |
Occitan | fèrre d'estirar, fèrre, estirar, alisar. (various references) | |
Papago | thahpiun (to iron). (various references) | |
Papiamen | strika (iron clothes), heru, hero, eru. (various references) | |
Pig Latin | ironay.(various references) | |
Polish | prasować (iron clothes), żelazo, żelazko (flat-iron). (various references) | |
Portuguese | ferro (bar, flatiron, ironwork, steel), férreo, engomar (clearstarch, gum, iron clothes, size, starch). (various references) | |
Portuguese Brazilian | ferro. (various references) | |
Romanian | fier (chains, head, shackles, steel, sword). (various references) | |
Romansch | fier. (various references) | |
Romany | sàstra. (various references) | |
Russian | стремя (stapedes, stapes, stirrup), утюг (drag, flatiron), сильный (bad, big, brawny, closely-coupled, exquisite, forceful, forcible, hard, intense, keen, lively, lusty, marrowy, muscular, pithy, potent, powerful, racy, rugged, strenuous, strong, sturdy, swashing, swingeing, two-fisted, upstanding, vehement, vigorous, violent), черный металл (ferrous metals), кандалы (fetter, manacle, nippers, shackle, shackles), гладить железо железный, выгладить (press), отутюжить (press), железо, препарат железа. (various references) | |
Scottish | iarann (an iron tool of any kind). (various references) | |
Sepedi | ritela (to iron). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | ispeglati (press), pegla (flatiron), gvozden (irony), gvožđe (stud), željezan, železni, železan (hard). (various references) | |
Shona | simbi. (various references) | |
Spanish | planchar (iron clothes, press, press out), hierro (brand), plancha (flat iron, flat-iron, gaffe, gangway, griddle, howler, planch, plate, sadiron, slab, smoothing iron), de hierro. (various references) | |
Sranan | isri, trik'isri (flat-iron), triki (iron clothes). (various references) | |
Swahili | chuma. (various references) | |
Swedish | strykjärn (flatiron, flat-iron, smoothing iron), järn (irons), stryka (cross, cut, cut out, delete, excise, kill, paint, scratch, spread, stroke), järn- (ferreous, ferric, ferro-, ferrous, irony). (various references) | |
Tagalog | bákal. (various references) | |
Thai | เตารีด, เข้มแข็งเหมือนเหล็ก, เข้มงวด (ascetic, dour, tight), โหดร้าย (brutal, dog-eat-dog, savage), ตรวน, ซึ่งมีธาตุเหล็ก, ธาตุเหล็ก. (various references) | |
Turkish | golf sopası (golf club, Jigger, lofter, mashie, niblick, spoon, wedge), ütülemek (press), demír, demir (anchor, cleat, ferr-, ferrous, ferruginous, irony), demir gibi (ferreous, fit as a fiddle, healty, strong), demir kaplamak (ironize), demirden yapılmış, ütü (flatiron), güçlü (bouncing, brawny, energetic, forceful, full-blooded, heroic, high pressure, keen, mighty, pithy, potent, powered, powerful, prepotent, robust, sinewed, sinewy, spirited, stalwart, stout, strong, sturdy, vigorous, virile, voluminous), zincire vurmak (chain, shackle), prangalamak, sıkı (clinging, close, close fitting, close-bodied, compact, fast, firm, foursquare, gross, hard, rigorous, searching, serried, Strait, strict, stringent, sure, tight), sapasağlam (as large as life, as sound as bell, copper-bottomed, fit as a fiddle, in perfect health, knockabout, rude, safe and sound, sound), sert (acrid, adamant, astringent, austere, bad, bitter, boisterous, bossy, brisk, brutal, cast iron, crusty, cutting, drastic, exact, exacting, fierce, firm, flinty, forbidding, get-tough, granitic, grim, gruff, gusty, hard, hard and fast, hard bitten, hard line, hard set, hardening, hard-hitting, harsh, heady, heavy, heavy-handed, hot, ill natured, inclement, incompressible, inelastic, intemperate, ironclad, keen, nappy, pointed, pungent, rigid, rigorous, rough, round, sclerous, severe, sharp, sharp-set, short, short-spoken, shrewd, smart, solid, sound, spanking, spartan, spiky, stand up, starched, starchy, stark, stern, stiff, strict, stringent, strong, surly, tart, tough, unbending, ungentle, unkind, unrelenting, unshaded, unyielding, vehement, violent), turp gibi (as sound as bell, fit as a fiddle, in perfect health), zincir (bond, chain, fetter, guard chain, gyve, shackle, shackles, tether), güç (ability, arduous, arm, baffling, capability, capacity, clout, clutch, clutches, command, control, difficult, dominance, energy, force, forcefulness, hard, intensity, might, pep, pith, potency, potential, power, punch, rod, sinew, spirit, stamina, steam, sting, strength, stuffing, sword, tone, tricksy, vigor, vigour, vim, vis, vitality, zing). (various references) | |
Turkmen | ьtьklemek (r), demir. (various references) | |
Ukrainian | суворий (arctic, astringent, austere, censorious, dour, grueling, gruelling, hard, hard-faced, inclement, rigid, rigorous, severe, stern, straitlaced, stringent, surly), сила (agency, cloud, efficacy, force, muscle, nerve, pith, potence, potency, power, strength, vehemence, vigor, vigour, wealth), виріб із заліза, оббивати залізом, залізо, залізний (ferreous, ferrous), прасувати (press), праска (smoothing iron), дужий (beefy, bouncing, hard, hefty, lusty, nervous, nervy, pretty, robust, strapping, stubbed). (various references) | |
Vietnamese | sắt đá nhẫn tâm, bằng sắt cứng cỏi. (various references) | |
Welsh | ysmwddio, haearn. (various references) | |
Yucatec | maskab. (various references) | |
Zulu | -ayina (iron clothes). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | ferrum. (various references) |
| Avestan | 200-600 | ayanghaênaca. (various references) |
| Old English | 450-1100 | isen. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Language | Date | Source | Acts Chapter 12, Verse 10 |
| Greek (transliterated) | 250 BC | Septuagint | DielqonteV de prwthn fulakhn kai deuteran hlqon epi thn pulhn thn sidhran thn ferousan eiV thn polin htiV automath hnoicqh autoiV kai exelqonteV prohlqon rumhn mian kai euqewV apesth o aggeloV ap autou |
| Latin | 405 | Vulgate | Transeuntes autem primam et secundam custodiam venerunt ad portam ferream quae ducit ad civitatem quae ultro aperta est eis et exeuntes processerunt vicum unum et continuo discessit angelus ab eo |
| Middle English | 1395 | Wyclif | And thei passiden the first and the secounde warde, and camen to the iren yate that ledith to the citee, which anoon was opened to hem. And thei yeden out, and camen in to o street, and anoon the aungel passide awei fro hym. |
| Renaissance English | 1526 | Tyndale | When they were past ye fyrst and ye seconde watche they came vnto yt yron gate yt ledeth vnto the cyte which opened to them by his awne accorde. And they went out and passed thorowe one strete and by and by the angell departed fro him. |
| Jacobean English | 1611 | King James | When they were past the first and the second ward, they came unto the iron gate that leadeth unto the city; which opened to them of his own accord: and they went out, and passed on through one street; and forthwith the angel departed from him. |
| Victorian English | 1833 | Webster | When they were past the first and the second ward, they came to the iron gate that leadeth to the city; which opened to them of its own accord: and they went out, and passed on through one street; and forthwith the angel departed from him. |
| Basic English | 1964 | Ogden | And when they had gone past the first and second watchmen they came to the iron door into the town, which came open by itself: and they went out and down one street; and then the angel went away. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Acts Chapter 12, Verse 10 |
| Albanian | Dhe, si kaluan vendrojën e parë dhe të dytë, arritën te dera e hekurt që të çonte në qytet, dhe ajo u hap përpara tyre vetvetiu; dhe, mbasi dolën, përshkuan një rrugë dhe papritmas engjëlli e la atë. |
| Cebuano | Ug sa paghilabay na nila sa nahauna ug ikaduhang bantay, nahiabut sila sa pultahang puthaw nga agianan padulong sa siyudad. Ug kanila kining pultahana naablig iyaiya ra, ug sila nanggula ug mipadayon paglakaw agi sa usa ka dalan; ug unya sa kalit ang manolunda mipahawa kaniya. |
| Chinese | 過 了 第 一 層 第 二 層 監 牢 、 就 來 到 臨 街 的 鐵 門 ． 那 門 自 己 開 了 。 他 們 出 來 、 走 過 一 條 街 、 天 使 便 離 開 他 去 了 。 |
| Croatian | Prošavši prvu stražu, i drugu, doðoše do željeznih vrata koja vode u grad. Ona im se sama otvore te oni izaðu, proðu jednu ulicu, a onda anðeo odjednom odstupi od njega. |
| Danish | Men de gik igennem den første og den anden Vagt og kom til den Jernport, som førte ud til Staden; denne åbnede sig for dem af sig selv, og de kom ud og gik en Gade frem, og straks skiltes Engelen fra ham. |
| Dutch | En als zij door de eerste en tweede wacht gegaan waren, kwamen zij aan de ijzeren poort, die naar de stad leidt; dewelke van zelve hun geopend werd. En uitgegaan zijnde, gingen zij een straat voort, en terstond scheidde de engel van hem. |
| Finnish | Ja he kulkivat läpi ensimmäisen vartion ja toisen ja tulivat rautaportille, joka vei kaupunkiin. Se aukeni heille itsestään, ja he menivät ulos ja kulkivat eteenpäin muutamaa katua; ja yhtäkkiä enkeli erkani hänestä. |
| French | Lorsqu`ils eurent passé la première garde, puis la seconde, ils arrivèrent à la porte de fer qui mène à la ville, et qui s`ouvrit d`elle-même devant eux; ils sortirent, et s`avancèrent dans une rue. Aussitôt l`ange quitta Pierre. |
| German | Sie gingen aber durch die erste und andere Hut und kamen zu der eisernen Tür, welche zur Stadt führt; die tat sich ihnen von selber auf. Und sie traten hinaus und gingen hin eine Gasse lang; und alsobald schied der Engel von ihm. |
| Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari | Pada waktu mereka sudah melewati tempat penjagaan pertama dan kedua, mereka sampai ke pintu besi, yang menuju ke kota. Pintu itu terbuka dengan sendirinya, lalu mereka keluar dan berjalan melalui suatu lorong. Tiba-tiba malaikat itu meninggalkan Petrus. |
| Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama | Setelah sudah dilaluinya kawal yang pertama dan yang kedua itu, maka sampailah keduanya itu ke pintu besi yang menuju ke negeri; maka terbukalah pintu itu sendiri kepada mereka itu, lalu mereka itu keluar serta melalui satu lorong, maka dengan sekonyong-konyong gaiblah malaekat itu daripadanya. |
| Maori | A, no ka mahue i a raua te tuatahi, te tuarua o nga kaitiaki, ka tae raua ki te tatau rino i te putanga atu ki te pa; tuwhera noa ana tera ki a raua: puta ana raua ki waho, haere ana, puta rawa i tetahi ara, mawehe tonu atu te anahera i a ia. |
| Norwegian | De gikk da gjennem den første vakt og den annen, og kom til den jernport som førte ut til byen; den åpnet sig for dem av sig selv, og de trådte ut og gikk en gate frem, og straks skiltes engelen fra ham. |
| Portuguese | Depois de terem passado a primeira e a segunda sentinela, chegaram à porta de ferro, que dá para a cidade, a qual se lhes abriu por si mesma; e tendo saído, passaram uma rua, e logo o anjo se apartou dele. |
| Rumanian | Dupq ce au trecut de straja kntkia wi a doua, au ajuns la poarta de fer, care dq kn cetate, wi ea li s`a deschis singurq; au iewit, wi au trecut kntr`o uliyq. Kndatq, kngerul a plecat de lkngq el. |
| Russian | рТПКДС РЕТЧХА Й ЧФПТХА УФТБЦХ, ПОЙ РТЙЫМЙ Л ЦЕМЕЪОЩН ЧПТПФБН, ЧЕДХЭЙН Ч ЗПТПД, ЛПФПТЩЕ УБНЙ УПВПА ПФЧПТЙМЙУШ ЙН: ПОЙ ЧЩЫМЙ, Й РТПЫМЙ ПДОХ ХМЙГХ, Й ЧДТХЗ бОЗЕМБ ОЕ УФБМП У ОЙН. |
| Shuar | Túrasha emka suntar iimia wajan nankaikiarmiayi. Tura nuyasha Chíkich suntar iimia wajan nunasha nankaikiarmiayi. Tura nuyasha Jíintiainium jiru waiti ámanum jeawarmatai, Nú Wáitisha ímia-ninki kuat uranmiayi. Túrunamtai Jíinkiarmiayi. Tura Jintiá ishichik wésan, Yusa suntari Pitrun Níiniak ikiukmiayi. |
| Swahili | Walipita kituo cha kwanza cha ulinzi na cha pili, halafu wakafika kwenye mlango wa chuma wa kuingilia mjini. Huo mlango ukawafungukia wenyewe, nao wakatoka nje. Wakawa wanatembea katika barabara moja na mara yule malaika akamwacha Petro peke yake. |
| Swedish | När de så hade gått genom första och andra vakten, kommo de till järnporten som ledde ut till staden. Den öppnade sig för dem av sig själv, och de trädde ut och gingo en gata fram; och i detsamma försvann ängeln ifrån honom. |
| Uma | Jadi', mako' -ramo hilou mpoliu tantara to mpodongo wobo' to lomo' -na pai' tantara to mpodongo wobo' karomeha' -na, pai' rata-ramo hi wobo' ahe' ohea hilou hi ngata. Wobo' ahe' toe mobea moto-imi-hawo. Kaliliu-ramo mpotara wobo' toe hilou hi rala ngata. Ko'ia-ra mahae momako', moronto ncorobaa-imi mala'eka mpalahii Petrus. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "iron": ironbark, ironbarks, ironbound, ironclad, ironclads, irone, ironed, ironer, ironers, irones, ironfisted, ironhanded, ironhearted, ironic, ironical, ironically, ironicalness, ironicalnesses, ironies, ironing, ironings, ironist, ironists, ironize, ironized, ironizes, ironizing, ironlike, ironmaster, ironmasters, ironmonger, ironmongeries, ironmongers, ironmongery, ironness, ironnesses, irons, ironside, ironsides, ironstone, ironstones, ironware, ironwares, ironweed, ironweeds, ironwood, ironwoods, ironwork, ironworker, ironworkers, ironworks. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "iron": andiron, environ, flatiron, giron, gridiron, midiron, noniron, sadiron. (additional references) | |
Words containing "iron": andirons, chironomid, chironomids, environed, environing, environment, environmental, environmentalism, environmentalisms, environmentalist, environmentalists, environmentally, environments, environs, flatirons, girons, gridirons, microenvironment, microenvironmental, microenvironments, midirons, sadirons, unironed, unironically. (additional references) | |
| |
"Iron" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: airon, aron, aroon, arron, ciron, diuron, Erno, eron, erron, erun, Eyroun, giron, hiron, ibon, ibrin, ifon, igon, Ihon, ihren, ilon, Imren, inon, inor, Ioj, iong, ioq, ior, iora, iorn, ioun, ioz, Iren, irent, ireo, Irfon, irgo, irgon, irib, irif, irim, Irini, irio, Irion, irir, iriv, irlon, irmo, irn, iro, iroc, irol, irom, irone, irono, ironr, iroq, irot, irow, irro, irru, iru, Irun, ison, Isro, iton, itran, Itron, Itroun, ivon, iwon, ixon, Kidron, Liron, miron, oron, Piron, Rikon, rino, rioh, rion, rione, Rioni, riton, Rivron, ronn, siron, sron, tigron, Tirjohn, Tiron, virun, vron, yorn, ziron. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "iron" (pronounced ī"ern) |
| 2 | -er n | andiron, auburn, cavern, cistern, eastern, freeborn, govern, gridiron, intern, lantern, lectern, Lucerne, midwestern, modern, northeastern, Northern, northwestern, pattern, postmodern, premodern, sojourn, southeastern, southern, southwestern, stubborn, tavern, ultramodern, western. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
Direct Anagrams: inro, noir, nori. | |
| Words within the letters "i-n-o-r" | |
-1 letter: ion, nor, rin. | |
-2 letters: in, no, on, or. | |
| Words containing the letters "i-n-o-r" | |
+1 letter: giron, groin, intro, irone, irons, irony, minor, nitro, noirs, noria, noris, orcin, ornis, orpin, prion, rhino, robin, rosin. | |
+2 letters: aroint, arsino, bicorn, bicron, bonier, boring, briony, bromin, citron, coiner, coring, cortin, dinero, diuron, dormin, durion, eringo, florin, forint, fornix, girons, goring, gringo, grison, groins, heroin, ignore, inborn, indoor, inform, inpour, inroad, intort, intron, intros, ironed, ironer, irones, ironic, joiner, junior, krooni, merino, micron, mikron, minors, morion, neroli, nimrod, nitros, nordic, norias, norite, nosier, oaring, onagri, orbing, orcein, orcins, ordain, orient, origan, origin, orison, orpine, orpins, poring, prions, prison, ration, recoin, region, rejoin, renvoi, rhinos, ribbon, robbin, robing, robins, ronion, roping, rosing, rosins, rosiny, roving, rowing, senior, signor, soring, spinor, tonier, trigon, triton, tropin, virion, zircon. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Images: Digital Art | 9. Sounds 10. Quotations: Familiar 11. Quotations: Historic 12. Quotations: Fiction | 13. Quotations: Non-fiction 14. Quotations: Spoken 15. Quotations: Speeches 16. Usage Frequency | 17. Names: Frequency 18. Names: Derived from 19. Names: Company Usage 20. Cities | 21. Expressions 22. Expressions: Internet 23. Translations: Modern 24. Translations: Ancient | 25. Bible Trace 26. Abbreviations 27. Acronyms 28. Derivations | 29. Rhymes 30. Anagrams 31. Bibliography |
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