Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Iridium |
IridiumNoun1. A heavy brittle metallic element of the platinum group; used in alloys; occurs in natural alloys with platinum or osmium. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "iridium" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1985. (references) |
Etymology: Iridium \I*rid"i*um\, noun. [New Latin expression, from the Latin expression iris, iridis, the rainbow. So called from the iridescence of some of its solutions. See Iris.]. (Websters 1913) |
| Domain | Definitions |
Chemistry | A greyish-white, hard metal, resistant to the action of acids, including aqua regia, at normal and high temperatures. Source: European Union. (references) |
Chemistry | Chemical element:atomic number 77. Source: European Union. (references) |
Health | A metallic element with the atomic symbol Ir, atomic number 77, and atomic weight 192.22. (references) |
Mining | A. An isometric mineral, native Ir ; Mohs hardness, 6 to 7; sp gr, 22.2 if pure; occurs native (>80% Ir) and alloyed with osmium (iridosmine) or platinum in mafic to ultramafic rocks and derived alluvial deposits; in rare arsenides and sulfides, such as irarsite (Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS , iridarsenite (Ir,Ru)As2 , and iridisite-beta (Ir,Cu)3 S (sub 8) ; placer deposits may include gold. b. The most corrosion-resistant metal known. Symbol, Ir. It is mainly usedas a hardening agent for platinum. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Iridium allows worldwide voice and data communications using handheld devices. The Iridium service once failed financially and the earth stations were shut down. Its financial failure was largely due to insufficient demand for the service, the bulkiness and cost of the handheld devices compared to cellular mobile phones, and the rise of cellular GSM roaming agreements during Iridium's decade-long construction period. The Iridium satellites were, however, retained in orbit, and their services have been re-established in 2001 by the newly founded Iridium Satellite LLC, partly owned by Boeing and other investors.
The system is being mainly used by the US Department of Defense for its communication purposes. However, it is open for everyone with global communication needs; typical customers include oil companies, scientists, and globetrotters.
The initial commercial failure of Iridium has had a dampening effect on other proposed commercial satellite constellation projects, including Teledesic. Other schemes (Orbcomm, ICO, and Globalstar) followed Iridium into bankruptcy protection, while a number of proposed schemes were never constructed.
Phone rates from land lines to Iridium phones are $2 to $4 per minute. Iridium and other satellite phones may be identifiable to the listener because of the particular "clipping" effect of the data compression and the time lag due to the long travelling path of the signal.
Because of the satellites' peculiar shape with two polished door-sized antennas at 45 degree angles with the main bus, the Iridium satellites have a highly visible satellite flare. On their orbits, the antennas directly reflect sunlight, creating a predictable and quickly moving illuminated spot of about 10 km diameter when the reflected beam hits the earth. To a spectator this looks like an extremely bright flare in the sky with a duration of only a couple of seconds. Some of the flares are so bright (up to -8 magnitude) that they can be seen at daytime, but they are most impressive after dusk and before dawn. This flashing has been of extreme annoyance to astronomers in that the brightness of the satellites disturbs observations and can damage sensitive equipment.
External links
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Iridium (satellite)."
Synonym: IridiumSynonym: atomic number 77 (n). (additional references) |
Crosswords: Iridium |
| English words defined with "iridium": iridic, Iridious, Iridize, Iridosmium ♦ Noble metals ♦ Platiniridium, Platinum metals. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "iridium": aurosmirid ♦ iridic gold, iridioplatinum, Iridium Radioisotopes ♦ Mossbauer effect. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Iridium" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses. Dutch (iridium), German (iridium), Swedish (iridium). |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Shown is an illustration of a figure of woman. One breast has multiple placements of iridium implants or "seeds" as a type of radiation therapy to treat for breast cancer. (see artwork BC-23, BC-08). Credit: Unknown photographer/artist. |  | The breast of a black woman is exposed and highlighted. Some scoring is visible on the breast below the nipple marking the tumor area. Surgeons are visible looking over the patient examining the patient. They will mark and place tubes for later implantation of radioactive iridium seeds. Wider view is also available. Credit: Linda Bartlett (photographer). |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Some of the radioactive substances used for internal radiation treatment include cesium, iridium, iodine, phosphorus, and palladium. (references) | |
Business | In 1998-1999, Ukraine joined the Global Star and Iridium satellite networks. (references) | |
ST also offers Inmarsat services as well as access to the Iridium satellite telephone network. (references) | ||
In 1999 CODETEL started offering to pager and cellular customers access to low range satellites through IRIDIUM. (references) | ||
Economic History | Philippines | Unfortunately, its satellite service supplier, the Iridium constellation of 66 satellites went bankrupt in 1999. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "Iridium" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Iridium" is used about 19 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 100% | 19 | 80,337 |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expression using "iridium": Iridium Radioisotopes. Additional references. | |
| Hypenated Usage | |
Ending with "iridium": osmi-iridium, platinum-iridium. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "iridium"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bulgarian | иридий. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 銥 , ". (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Danish | iridium. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dutch | iridium. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Esperanto | iridio. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
French | iridium. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
German | iridium. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | ιρίδιο. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hungarian | irídium. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | iridio. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Kanji | イメージ調査 (99.999999999 percent., bad bounce, bad hop, ear protector, ear valve, earmark, earphone, earring, eleven, eleven nines, eraser, eruption, Ile de France, illegal, Illinois, illumination, illumination control, illusion, illustrated map, illustration, illustrator, image change, image survey, in, include, income, income gain, income tax, increment, incremental, incremental business, incubate, incubation, incubator, ink, inn, Iran, Iraq, irony, Iroquois, irrational, irregular, irregular bound, yearbook, year-round fashion). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Katakana | イリジウ . (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | iridiumay irídio. (various references) iridiu. (various references) иридий иридиевый. (various references) iridijum. (various references) iridio. (various references) iridium. (various references) iridyum. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "iridium": iridiums. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "iridium": osmiridium. (additional references) | |
Words containing "iridium": osmiridiums. (additional references) | |
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"Iridium" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Aridius, Dicroidium, Erodium, Erygium, Hiridanum, ibidium, Iridae, Iriri, irridium, irwinian, irwinii, Pisidium, Tigridia, tridium, Triduum, uridium. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "iridium" (pronounced iri"dēum) |
| 6 | -r i" d ē u m | nephridium. |
| 5 | -i" d ē u m | idiom, presidium. |
| 4 | -d ē u m | compendium, indium, medium, myocardium, palladium, Plasmodium, podium, radium, rhodium, sodium, stadium, tedium, vanadium. |
| 3 | -ē u m | alluvium, ammonium, aquarium, atrium, auditorium, axiom, bacterium, barium, beryllium, cadmium, calcium, cesium, chromium, colloquium, condominium, consortium, crematorium, delirium, deuterium, disequilibrium, emporium, equilibrium, europium, fermium, gallium, geranium, gonium, gymnasium, hafnium, harmonium, helium, Herbarium, holmium, honorarium, lawrencium, linoleum, lithium, magnesium, millennium, minium, moratorium, neptunium, niobium, nobelium, opium, opprobrium, osmium, pandemonium, paramecium, petroleum, planetarium, plutonium, polonium, potassium, premium, promethium, protium, psyllium, requiem, selenium, strontium, superpremium, symposium, tellurium, thallium, thorium, titanium, tritium, uranium, yttrium, zirconium. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "d-i-i-i-m-r-u" | |
-2 letters: murid. | |
-3 letters: drum, imid, irid, midi, miri. | |
-4 letters: dim, dui, mid, mir, mud, rid, rim, rum, urd. | |
-5 letters: id, mi, mu, um. | |
| Words containing the letters "d-i-i-i-m-r-u" | |
+1 letter: iridiums. | |
+3 letters: humidifier, miracidium, osmiridium. | |
+4 letters: humidifiers, osmiridiums. | |
+5 letters: dehumidifier, miniaturized. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)49 72 69 64 69 75 6D |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references).. .-. .. -.. .. ..- -- |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01001001 01110010 01101001 01100100 01101001 01110101 01101101 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)I r i d i u m |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0049 0072 0069 0064 0069 0075 006D |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
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Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)43847570758779 |
| Language | Coverage | Language Translations |
Bulgarian | речник, яснота, сила, очертания, дефиниция, транслация, превеждане, предаване, поддаване, тълкуване, огъване, превод | български, български език, българин, 保 利亚, bulgarer, bulgare, 'ούλγαρος, bolgár, bulgaro, болгарский, болгарин, bugarski jezik, bugarski, bugarka, bugarin, búlgaro, bulgar, bulgaristan ile ilgili |
Chinese | 字典 , 定義 , 定义, 翻译 | китайски, 汉语, 中 , 漢 , 中國 , kineser, Chinois, Chinesisch, Κινέζος, κινέζικα, κινέζικοσ, κινέζοσ, σινικόσ, kínai, cinese, チフス菌 , チャイニーズ , chinês, chinezesc, chinezeşte, chinezã, chinez, китайский, китаец, kineski jezik, kineski, chino, kinesisk, çinli, çince, çin ile ilgili, çin |
Danish | ordbog, deskriptordefinition, oversættelse | датски език, датски, 丹麦语, danois, dänisch, δανικόσ, δανόσ, dán, danese, dinamarquês, danez, датский, danski, danski jezik, danés, dansk, danimarkalı, danimarka dili |
Dutch | woordenboek, definitie, translatie | холандски, немски език, холандски език, холандците, немски, 菏蘭語 , 荷兰语, hollandsk, néerlandais, holländisch, ολλανδικόσ, ολλανδόσ, holland, olandese, holandês, olandez, nemţesc, limba olandezã, german, голландский, holanđanin, u škripcu, holandski, holandés, holländsk, alman, eş, flemenkçe, holandaca, hollanda, karı, hollandalı, hollandalılara özgü olan, Hollandali, hollanda'ya ait |
Esperanto | vortaro, difino, traduko | есперанто, 世界语, esperanton, espéranto, εσπεράντο, eszperanto, eszperantó, エスキモー犬 , エスペラント , эсперанто, esperanto, esperanto dili |
French | dictionnaire, définition, traduction | френски език, френски, 法國 , 法文 , 法語 , 法语, français, französisch, γαλλικόσ, γαλλική γλώσσα, γαλλίδα, γάλλοσ, francia, francese, フレコン化 , 仏文 , フランス" , 仏 , ふつぶ", ふつ, フレンチ , フランセ , francês, francezii, franţuzesc, francezã, francez, franţuzeşte, французский, francuski jezik, francuski, francuzi, francés, fransk, franska, fransızca, fransız, Fransiz, fransızca ile ilgili, fransa ile ilgili |
German | Übersetzung, Wörterbuch, Definition | германски, немски език, немски, немец, роден, готически, германец, 德语, 德國 , 德文 , 德語 , tysker, Duitse, allemand, "ερμανός, német, tedesco, ジプシー音楽 , ジャーマン , alemão, neamţ, немецкий, germanski, alemán, tysk, alman |
Greek | λεξικό, ορισμός, μετάφραση | гръцки език, гръцки, грък, 希腊语, 希臘語 , græker, grec, grieche, ελληνικόσ, 'Ελληνας, görög, greco, ギリシア語 , ギリシア", grego, greacã, греческий, грек, grčki, grk, grčki jezik, griego, grek, yunanistan'a ait, yunanca, yunan, Yunanli, yunanlı, Rumca, rum |
Hungarian | szótár, meghatározás, definíció, fordítás | унгарски език, унгарски, унгарец, 匈牙利语, 匈牙利語 , ungarer, Hongaarse, hongrois, Ungar, Ούγγρος, magyar, ungherese, unguresc, limba ungarã, limba maghiarã, ungureşte, ungur, maghiar, венгр, венгерский, mađarski jezik, mađarski, mađar, húngaro, ungrare, macarca, macar |
Italian | dizionario, definizione, traduzione | италиански език, италиански, италианец, 意大利 , 意大利語 , 意大利语, italiener, italien, italienisch, Ιταλός, olasz, italiano, italienesc, italieneşte, italian, italianã, итальянский язык, итальянец, итальянский, italijan, italijanski jezik, italijanski, italiensk, italienska, italienare, italyanca, italyan |
Japanese Kanji | 辭典 , 辞典 , 字引 , 辞林 , 字書 , ディーゼル電気車 , 言海 , 辞彙 , 辞書 , 確定 , ディーゼル電気車 , デ'ドロ酢酸 , 翻訳 | японски език, японци, японски, 日語 , 日语, 日本 , 日文 , 倭 , Japonais, japaner, japanisch, ιαπωνικόσ, Ιάπωνας· "ιαπωνέζος, ιάπωνεσ, ιάπων, ιαπωνικά, japán, giapponese, 邦語 , 邦人 , ジャスミン茶 , ほう", ジャパニーズ , ほうじ", japonês, japonezã, японский, японец, japanski, japanski jezik, japanac, japonés, japansk, Japonca |
Japanese Katakana | じい, じびき, じて", ディクショナリー , じり", じしょ, '"かい, ディクショナリ , デフィニション , ディフィニション , ていぎ, かくてい, へい"ういどう, やくじゅつ, トランスレーション , やくしょ, やくしゅつ, "うどく, ほ"やく, ほ"やくしょ | японски език, японци, японски, 日語 , 日语, 日本 , 日文 , 倭 , Japonais, japaner, japanisch, ιαπωνικόσ, Ιάπωνας· "ιαπωνέζος, ιάπωνεσ, ιάπων, ιαπωνικά, japán, giapponese, 邦語 , 邦人 , ジャスミン茶 , ほう", ジャパニーズ , ほうじ", japonês, japonezã, японский, японец, japanski, japanski jezik, japanac, japonés, japansk, Japonca |
Portuguese | dicionário, definição, tradução | португалски, португалски език, португалец, 葡萄牙語 , 葡萄牙人 , 葡萄牙语, portugiser, portugais, portugiesisch, πορτογάλοσ, ορτογάλος, portugál, portoghese, ポルトガル語 , ポルトガル", português, portughez, португальский, portugalski jezik, portugalac, portugalski, portugués, portugis, portekizce, portekiz, Portekízlí, portekizli |
Romanian | dicţionar, definiţie, determinare, definire, translaţie, traducere, tãlmãcire | румънски език, румънски, румънец, 罗马尼亚语, rumæner, Roemeens, Roumain, rumäne, ρουμανόσ, Ρουμάνος, román, rumeno, romeno, român, румынский, румын, rumunski jezik, rumunski, rumano, rumänsk |
Russian | словарь, определение, трансляция, сдвиг, перевод, перемещение | руски език, руски, руснак, 俄語 , 俄文 , 俄语, russer, Russe, russisch, Ρώσος, orosz, russo, ロシア語 , ロシア", русский, ruski jezik, ruski, ruso, ryss, Rusça |
Serbo-Croatian | leksikon, rečnik, definicija, tumačenje | 塞"维亚-克罗地亚语, 塞爾維亞克羅地亞語 , serbokroatisch, servo-croata, sârbo-croat, srpsko-hrvatski jezik, srpsko-hrvatski, serbokroatiska, serbokroatisk |
Spanish | diccionario, definición, traducción | испански език, испански, 西班牙語 , 西班牙文 , 西班牙语, Spaans, espagnol, spanisch, ισπανικά, ισπανικόσ, ισπανοί, spanyol, spagnolo, スペイン語 , スパイ罪 , スペイン", スパニッシュ , espanhol, spaniol, spaniolesc, spanioleşte, испанский, španski, španski jezik, español, spanska språk, spansk, ispanyollar, ispanyol, ispanyolca |
Swedish | ordbok, lexikon, översättning | шведски, шведски език, швед, 瑞典語 , 瑞典语, Zweeds, suédois, schwedisch, σουηδικόσ, σουηδικά, svéd, svedese, スウェーデン語 , スウェーデン", шведский, švedski jezik, švedski, sueco, svensk, isveççe, isveç dili, isveç, Ísveçlí |
Turkish | sözlük, ansiklopedik sözlük, açıklama, belirleme, belirtme, kesinleştirme, tanım, tarif, seçiklik, tanımlama, tercüme | турски език, турски, 土耳其語 , 土耳其, turque, türkisch, τούρκικοσ, török, turcesc, turc, турецкий, turski jezik, turski, turco, turkisk, türkçe, türk |
English | Dictionary, Definition, Translation | английски език, английски, англичаните, 英语, 英國 , 英文 , 英 , 英語 , anglan, anglais, englisch, εγγλέζοσ, αγγλικόσ, angol, inglese, inglês, englezesc, английский, engleski, englez, engleski jezik, inglés, engelsk, ingiltere, ingiliz, Íngílízce, ingilizce, Íngílíz, ýngilizce |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Commercial | 5. Images: Photo Album 6. Quotations: Non-fiction 7. Usage Frequency 8. Expressions | 9. Expressions: Internet 10. Translations: Modern 11. Derivations 12. Rhymes | 13. Anagrams 14. Orthography 15. Bibliography |
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