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Definition: Inquisition |
InquisitionNoun1. A former tribunal of the Roman Catholic Church (1232-1820) created to discover and suppress heresy. 2. A severe interrogation (often violating the rights or privacy of individuals). Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "Inquisition" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1350. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Dream Interpretation | To dream of an inquisition, bespeaks for you an endless round of trouble and great disappointment. If you are brought before an inquisition on a charge of wilfulness, you will be unable to defend yourself from malicious slander. Source: Ten Thousand Dreams Interpreted .... |
Literature | Inquisition A court instituted to inquire into offences against the Roman Catholic religion. Fully established by Pope Gregory IX. in 1235. It was most active in Italy, Spain, and Portugal. Those found guilty were handed over to the secular arm to be dealt with according to the secular laws of the land. Suppressed in France in 1772, and not finally in Spain till 1834. (Latin, inquisitio, a searching into.). Source: Brewer's Dictionary. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The Inquisition was an office of the Catholic Church charged with suppressing heresy. There have been four different Inquisitions; their actions and interactions with the local governments are subjects of considerable historical enquiry.
One common misconception is that the Church executed heretics. On rare occations that did happen, but in most jurisdictions and at most times only the secular power had the authority to perform executions. The Church would declare the person a heretic, and when the state learned of a decision it chose to perform an execution. The state had a real investment in religion. The Roman Emperor was a god in their system of religion. From that time forward almost all governments saw their right to rule as coming from God. The Church for her part agreed that all true authority comes from God alone. So the governing body, the state in so far as it was in the business of exercising authority, was interested in God as the foundation of that authority. So when people are attacking beliefs in God, the source of that authority, then the state felt compelled to act. In the interest of Justice the Church felt the need to provide well educated adjudicators.
The first, known as the Medieval Inquisition, was established in 1184 in response to the Catharist heresy in southern France and faded in power with the successful suppression of that group.
The infamous Spanish Inquisition was not an ecclesiastical operation at all. It was established in 1481 by Ferdinand and Isabella to investigate and punish the Jews and Moors who had publicly converted to Christianity but had privately continued to practice their prior religion and were thus, by definition, heretics. Prior to their expulsion from the country in 1492, Jews or Muslims who did not become Christians were not subjected to the powers of the Inquisition.
Less known is the Portuguese Inquisition, which rivaled the Spanish in its infamy.
The Roman Inquisition, begun in 1542, was quite distinct from either of these. It was the least active and most benign of the three variations.
The following needs to be merged with the above
The Inquisition was a permanent institution in the Catholic Church charged with the eradication of heresies. Unlike many other religions (e.g., Buddhism, Judaism), the Catholic Church has a hierarchical structure with a central bureaucracy. In the early years of the church, there were several competing sects that called themselves Christian. But after the Emperor Constantine I (272-337 CE) made Christianity the state religion of the Roman Empire and the local administrative structures were pulled together into one hierarchy centered in Rome, doctrinal arguments were settled by Church Councils, beginning with the Council of Nicea in 325 (which formulated the Nicean Creed). Those whose beliefs or practices deviated sufficiently from the orthodoxy of the councils now became the objects of efforts to bring them into the fold. Resistance often led to persecution.
Heresies (from Latin haeresis, sect, school of belief) were a problem for the Church from the beginning. In the early centuries there were the Arians and Manicheans; in the Middle Ages there were the Cathari and Waldenses; and in the Renaissance there were the Hussites, Lutherans, Calvinists, and Rosicrucians. Efforts to suppress heresies were initially ad hoc. But in the Middle Ages a permanent structure came into being to deal with the problem. Beginning in the 12th century, Church Councils required secular rulers to prosecute heretics. In 1231, Pope Gregory IX published a decree which called for life imprisonment with salutary penance for the heretic who had confessed and repented and capital punishment for those who persisted. The secular authorities were to carry out the execution. Pope Gregory relieved the bishops and archbishops of this obligation, and made it the duty of the Dominican Order, though many inquisitors were members of other orders or of the secular clergy. By the end of the decade the Inquisition had become a general institution in all lands under the purview of the Pope. By the end of the 13th centuries the Inquisition in each region had a bureaucracy to help in its function.
The judge, or inquisitor, could bring suit against anyone. The accused had to testify against himself/herself and not have the right to face and question his/her accuser. It was acceptable to take testimony from criminals, persons of bad reputation, excommunicated people, and heretics. The accused did not have right to counsel, and blood relationship did not exempt one from the duty to testify against the accused. Sentences could not be appealed and inquisitors sometimes interrogated entire populations in their jurisdiction. The inquisitor questioned the accused in the presence of at least two witnesses. The accused was given a summary of the charges and had to take an oath to tell the truth. Various means were used to get the cooperation of the accused. Although there was no tradition of torture in Christian canon law, this method came into use by the middle of the 13th century. The findings of the Inquisition were read before a large audience; the penitents abjured on their knees with one hand on a bible held by the inquisitor. Penalties went from visits to churches, pilgrimages, and wearing the cross of infamy to imprisonment (usually for life but the sentences were often commuted) and (if the accused would not abjure) death. Death was by burning at the stake, and it was carried out by the secular authorities. Death or life imprisonment was always accompanied by the confiscation of all the accused's property.
Abuses by local Inquisitions early on led to reform and regulation by Rome, and in the 14th century intervention by secular authorities became common. At the end of the 15th century, under Ferdinand and Isabella of Castile, the Spanish inquisition became independent of Rome. In its dealings with converted Moslems and Jews and also illuminists, the Spanish Inquisition with its notorious "autos de fé " represents a dark chapter in the history of the Inquisition. In northern Europe the Inquisition was considerably more benign: in England it was never instituted, and in the Scandinavian countries it had hardly any impact (although northern Europe had its own institutions such as the "witchhunt").
Pope Paul III established, in 1542, a permanent congregation staffed with cardinals and other officials, whose task it was to maintain and defend the integrity of the faith and to examine and proscribe errors and false doctrines. This body, the Congregation of the Holy Office, now called the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, part of the Roman Curia, became the supervisory body of local Inquisitions. The Pope himself holds the title of prefect but never exercises this office. Instead, he appoints one of the cardinals to preside over the meetings. There are usually ten other cardinals on the Congregation, as well as a prelate and two assistants all chosen from the Dominican Order. The Holy Office also has an international group of consultants, experienced scholars of theology and canon law, who advise it on specific questions. In 1616 these consultants gave their assessment of the propositions that the Sun is immobile and at the center of the universe and that the Earth moves around it, judging both to be "foolish and absurd in philosophy," and the first to be "formally heretical" and the second "at least erroneous in faith" in theology. This assessment led to Copernicus's De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium to be placed on the Index of Forbidden Books, until revised and Galileo to be admonished about his Copernicanism. It was this same body in 1633 that tried Galileo.
Later on, the Inquisition was used against focuses of early Protestantism, Erasmism and Illuminism and in the 18th century against Encyclopedism and French Illustration. In spite of the actions of the other European Inquisitions, witchcraft was not a big concern. Accused witches were usually dismissed as mentally ill.
- integrate what comes below -- taken from the Spanish Inquisition
The Inquisition succeeded in spreading as far as Venice, Germany and Scandinavia, although it was never as powerful or as abusive in those remote regions as it was in Spain. It had little impact in the German and Scandinavian countries. The Inquisition was never instituted in England, but Christopher Columbus carried it with him to the New World.
The Inquisition was used against Protestants in the Netherlands during their war for independence from Spain. The Inquisition was removed during Napoleonic rule (1808-1812), but reinstituted when Ferdinand VII of Spain recovered the throne. It was officially ended in 1834.
References
- Edward M. Peters, Inquisition. (University of California Press, 1989). ISBN 0520066308
- A brief, balanced inquiry, with an especially good section on the 'Myth of the Inquisition'. This is particularly valuable because much of the history available in English of the Inquisition was written in the 19th century by Protestants interested in documenting the dangers of Catholicism or Catholic apologists demonstrating that the Inquisition had been an entirely reasonable judicial body without flaws.
- Henry Kamen, The Spanish Inquisition: A Historical Revision. (Yale University Press, 1999). ISBN 0300078803
- This revised edition of his 1965 original contributes to the understanding of the Spanish Inquisition in its local context.
- Simon Whitechapel, Flesh Inferno: Atrocities of Torquemada and the Spanish Inquisition (Creation Books, 2003). ISBN 1840681055
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Inquisition."
Synonym: InquisitionSynonym: Examination. (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Inquiry | Question, put to the question, interrogate, pump; subject to interrogation, subject to examination; cross-question, cross-examine; press for an answer; give the third degree; put to the inquisition; dodge. |
Examination, review, scrutiny, investigation, indagation; perquisition, perscrutation, pervestigation; inquest, inquisition; exploration; exploitation, ventilation. | |
Severity | Arbitrary power; absolutism, despotism; dictatorship, autocracy, tyranny, domineering, oppression; assumption, usurpation; inquisition, reign of terror, martial law; iron heel, iron rule, iron hand, iron sway; tight grasp; brute force, brute strength; coercion; strong hand, tight hand. |
Tribunal | Noun: tribunal, court, board, bench, judicatory; court of justice, court of law, court of arbitration, administrative court; inquisition; guild. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Inquisition |
| English words defined with "Inquisition": auto-da-fe ♦ Bruno ♦ garotte, garrotte, Giordano Bruno, Grand Inquisitor ♦ Holy office ♦ Inquirable, Inquisitional, inquisitor ♦ Re-direct examination ♦ Sanbenito, scrag, Spanish Inquisition, stretch ♦ Tomas de Torquemada, Torquemada. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "Inquisition": Beghards ♦ Gueux ♦ Menecrates ♦ PHILIP II, Preciosa ♦ Science Persecuted. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Inquisition" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses. French (inquisition), German (inquisition). |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | The Inquisition, let's begin, the Inquisition, look out sin, we're on a mission to convert the Jews (History of the World Part 1; writing credit: Mel Brooks) Then the Inquisition ended, and all of the fun went out of it for you. (Kolchak: The Night Stalker; writing credit: David Chase; Rudolph Borchert) The Pope always want the Inquisition to stop the use of torture (The Pit and the Pendulum; writing credit: Dennis Paoli; Edgar Allan Poe) - Mr. Wentworth just told me to come in here and say that there was trouble at the mill, that's all - I didn't expect a kind of Spanish Inquisition! (Monty Python's Flying Circus; writing credit: Douglas Adams; Graham Chapman) He did apologise for the Spanish Inquisition. He said it was far too inquisitive (Eddie Izzard: Circle; writing credit: Eddie Izzard) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Die Geheime Inquisition (2003) The Inquisition (1999) | |
Song Titles | Spanish Inquisition Part 1 (performing artist: Monty Python) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
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Theater & Movies | |||
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
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| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | "Worse than a Spanish Inquisition". Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Time's inquisition. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | End the inquisition : stop the Grand Jury. Credit: Library of Congress. | ||
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
| Author | Date | Quotation |
Magna Carta | 1215 | Nothing in future shall be given or taken for awrit of inquisition of life or limbs, but freely it shall be granted, and never denied. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | For, of all the tortures which he had undergone in that inquisition of destiny, this was the most fearful |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Economic History | Cayman Islands | A variety of people settled on the islands: pirates, refugees from the Spanish Inquisition, shipwrecked sailors, deserters from Oliver Cromwell's army in Jamaica, and slaves. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
James Madison | 1809-1817 | Distant as it may be in its present form from the Inquisition, it differs from it only in degree. |
Calvin Coolidge | 1923-1929 | We can not permit any inquisition either within or without the law or apply any religious test to the holding of office. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Inquisition" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 98.13% of the time. "Inquisition" is used about 107 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 98.13% | 105 | 31,781 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.93% | 1 | 339,140 |
| Noun (common) | 0.93% | 1 | 339,140 |
| Total | 100.00% | 107 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "Inquisition": court of inquisition ♦ put to the inquisition ♦ spanish Inquisition ♦ the inquisition. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "Inquisition": inquisition-and. | |
Ending with "Inquisition": self-inquisition. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "Inquisition"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | inkuizicion, hetim zyrtar, hetim gjyqësor (inquest). (various references) | |
Arabic | محاكم التفتيش, تحقيق قضائي, تحقيق (ascertainment, come true, consummation, enquiry, exploration, fruition, fulfillment, fulfilment, implementing, inquest, inquiry, investigation, probe, probing, quest, realization, survey, verification), بحث (brochure, cast about, consideration, discuss, discussion, disquisition, drilling for, examine, exploration, explore, fumble, hunt for, inquest, inquire, investigate, investigation, look, look for, looking for, poke about, probe, prospection, pry, pursue, quest, research, retrieve, rummage, scrounge, scrutinize, search, see, see into, seek, seeking, sought, spy, study, talk over, think through, treatise, try, ventilate). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | следствие (consequence, consequent, effect, inquest, inquiry, investigation, outgrowth, product, quest), разпитване (enquiry, hearing, inquiry, inquisitiveness, interrogation, questioning), разпит (catechism, interrogation, questioning), мъчене (excruciation, victimization), анкета (investigation, quest), инквизиция. (various references) | |
Chinese | 侦查 (Detection, investigate, Investigated, investigating). (various references) | |
Czech | vyšetřování (inquest, inquiry, investigation), výslech (interrogation, oyer). (various references) | |
Finnish | inkvisitio. (various references) | |
French | investigation (investigation), inquisition, recherches, enquête judiciaire. (various references) | |
German | inquisition, verhör (interrogation, examination), untersuchung (exploration, investigation, examination, assay, inquiry, research, scrutiny, survey). (various references) | |
Greek | εξέταση (examination, exam, inquiry), ανάκριση (cross examination, exam, examination, hearing, inquest, inquiry, interrogation, oyer). (various references) | |
Hebrew | אינקויזיציה. (various references) | |
Hungarian | inkvizíció, alapos vizsgálat (probe). (various references) | |
Italian | investigazione (detection, inquiry, investigation, quest), inquisizione. (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 宗教裁判 (the Inquisition). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | しゅうきょうさいばん (the Inquisition). (various references) | |
Manx | ard-vrialtys. (various references) | |
Pig Latin | inquisitionay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | investigação (investigation), inquisição, inquirição (inquisitorial, investigation, search). (various references) | |
Romanian | torturã (excruciation, question, torment, torture), percheziţie (perquisition, search, searching, visit), cercetare (analysis, control, essay, examen, examination, exploration, hearing, inquiry, inspection, investigation, probe, quest, research, study, test, trial, view). (various references) | |
Russian | инквизиция. (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | istraga (inquest, inquiry, investigation, perquisition, probe, quest), inkvizicija (holy office). (various references) | |
Spanish | investigación (investigation, research), inquisición. (various references) | |
Swedish | inkvisitationenr, undersökning (examination, investigation, inquest, inquiry, survey), äfst. (various references) | |
Thai | การสอบสวนหาความผิด. (various references) | |
Turkish | inceleme (analysis, anatomy, checkover, checkup, compendium, dissection, examination, investigation, observing, perusal, research, sifting, study, survey, surveying), soruşturma (checkback, disquisition, enquiry, examination, hearing, inquest, inquiries, inquiry, inquisitional, inquisitorial, investigation, probe, quest, question, questionnaire, verification), sorgu (enquiry, hearing, inquiry, interrogation, interrogative, oyer, query, question), engizisyon mahkemesi. (various references) | |
Ukrainian | інквізиція, розслідування (enquiry, inquiry, investigation, search), дослідження (analysis, disquisition, exploration, exploring, inquiry, investigation, reconnaissance, research, testing). (various references) | |
Vietnamese | sự điều tra (enquiry, inquiry, probe). (various references) | |
Welsh | chwil-lys. (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Date | Source | Esther Chapter 2, Verse 23 |
| Greek (transliterated) | 250 BC | Septuagint | O de basileuV htasen touV duo eunoucouV kai ekremasen autouV kai prosetaxen o basileuV katacwrisai eiV mnhmosunon en th basilikh biblioqhkh uper thV eunoiaV mardocaiou en egkwmiw |
| Latin | 405 | Vulgate | Quaesitum est et inventum et adpensus uterque eorum in patibulo mandatumque historiis et annalibus traditum coram rege |
| Middle English | 1395 | Wyclif | It is soyt, and is founde, and either of hem is hangid in the iebet; and it is comaundid to the stories, and taken to the bokis of yeris deedis, befor the king. |
| Jacobean English | 1611 | King James | And when inquisition was made of the matter, it was found out; therefore they were both hanged on a tree: and it was written in the book of the chronicles before the king. |
| Victorian English | 1833 | Webster | And when inquisition was made of the matter, it was discovered; therefore they were both hanged on a tree: and it was written in the book of the chronicles before the king. |
| Basic English | 1964 | Ogden | And when the thing had been looked into, it was seen to be true, and the two of them were put to death by hanging on a tree: and it was put down in the records before the king. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Esther Chapter 2, Verse 23 |
| Albanian | U bënë hetime dhe u provua se gjëja ishte e vërtetë, të dy eunukët u varën në trekëmbësh; pastaj kjo ngjarje u regjistrua në librin e Kronikave, në prani të mbretit. |
| Cebuano | Ug sa gihimo ang pagsusi sa maong butang, ug nakita nga kana matuod, silang duruha gipamitay sa kahoy: ug kini nahasulat sa basahon sa mga Cronicas sa atuban an sa hari. |
| Croatian | Sve se izvidje i otkri se zavjera, pa obojica budu obješena o stup. To se pred kraljem zapisa u knjizi Ljetopisa. |
| Danish | Sagen blev undersøgt, og da den havde sin Rigtighed, blev de begge hængt i en Galge. Det blev optegnet i Krøniken i Kongens Påsyn. |
| Dutch | Als men de zaak onderzocht, is het zo bevonden, en zij beiden werden aan een galg gehangen; en het werd in de kronieken geschreven voor het aangezicht des konings. |
| Finnish | Ja asia tutkittiin, ja kun se havaittiin todeksi, ripustettiin ne molemmat hirsipuuhun. Ja se kirjoitettiin aikakirjaan kuningasta varten. |
| French | Le fait ayant été vérifié et trouvé exact, les deux eunuques furent pendus à un bois. Et cela fut écrit dans le livre des Chroniques en présence du roi. |
| German | Und da man nachforschte, ward's gefunden, und sie wurden beide an Bäume gehängt. Und es ward geschrieben in die Chronik vor dem König. |
| Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari | Perkara itu diselidiki, maka nyatalah bahwa laporan itu benar. Kedua orang itu dihukum gantung. Sesuai dengan perintah raja, peristiwa itu dicatat dalam buku sejarah kerajaan. |
| Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama | Maka apabila diselidik hal itu didapatinya benarlah demikian, lalu kedua orang itupun digantungkan pada kayu, maka disuratkan perkara itu dalam kitab tawarikh di hadapan hadirat baginda. |
| Italian | Fatta investigazione e scoperto il fatto, i due eunuchi furono impiccati a un palo. E la cosa fu registrata nel libro delle cronache, alla presenza del re. |
| Manx Gaelic | As tra va briaght jeant 'sy chooish, ve er ny gheddyn magh; v'ad ny-neesht, er-y-fa shen, croghit er billey: as ve scruit ayns lioar ny recortyssyn fenish y ree. |
| Maori | Na, ka oti taua mea te uiui, a ka kitea he tika, ka taronatia raua tokorua ki runga ki te rakau, a ka tuhituhia taua mea ki te pukapuka o nga meatanga o nga ra i te aroaro o te kingi. |
| Norwegian | Saken blev gransket, og da det viste sig at det var så, blev de begge hengt i en galge. Dette blev opskrevet i krønikeboken for kongens øine. |
| Rumanian | Faptul fiind cercetat wi gqsit kntocmai, cei doi fameni au fost spknzurayi de un lemn. Wi lucrul acesta a fost scris kn cartea Cronicilor kn faya kmpqratului. |
| Swedish | Saken blev nu undersökt och så befunnen; och de blevo båda upphängda på trä. Och detta upptecknades i krönikan, för konungen. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "Inquisition": inquisitional, inquisitions. (additional references) | |
| |
"Inquisition" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: equisition, Inquisicio, inquistion, inqusition. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "Inquisition" (pronounced i'nkwuzi"shun) |
| 8 | -k w u z i" sh u n | acquisition, requisition. |
| 6 | -u z i" sh u n | composition, deposition, disposition, exposition, imposition, juxtaposition, opposition, physician, position, predisposition, presupposition, proposition, reimposition, reposition, supposition. |
| 5 | -z i" sh u n | decomposition, musician, transition. |
| 4 | -i" sh u n | fission, academician, abolition, addition, admission, admonition, ambition, ammunition, apparition, attrition, audition, clinician, coalition, cognition, commission, competition, condition, contrition, decommission, definition, demolition, dentition, dietitian, edition, electrician, emission, erudition, exhibition, expedition, extradition, fruition, geriatrician, ignition, inhibition, intermission, intuition, logician, magician, malnutrition, mathematician, mission, mortician, munition, nutrition, obstetrician, omission, optician, partition, patrician, pediatrician, permission, petition, politician, precondition, preignition, premonition, prohibition, recognition, recondition, redefinition, remission, rendition, repetition, retransmission, rhetorician, sedition, statistician, submission, superstition, suspicion, tactician, technician, theoretician, titian, tradition, transmission, tuition, volition. |
| 3 | -sh u n | facilitation, faction, falsification, fascination, fashion, federation, fermentation, fertilization, fibrillation, fiction, figuration, filtration, abrogation, absolution, absorption, abstraction, acceleration, accession, acclimation, accommodation, abbreviation, abdication, abduction, aberration, abomination, abortion, accreditation, accretion, accumulation, accusation, acidification, action, activation, adaptation, addiction, adjudication, administration, admiration, adoption, adoration, adulation, advection, advocation, affectation, affection, affiliation, affirmation, affliction, agglomeration, aggravation, aggression, agitation, alienation, allegation, alleviation, alliteration, allocation, alphabetization, alteration, altercation, alternation, amalgamation, amelioration, amortization, amplification, amputation, animation, annexation, annihilation, annotation, antiabortion, anticipation, anticorruption, antidiscrimination, appellation, application, apportion, appreciation, apprehension, approbation, appropriation, approximation, arbitration, argumentation, articulation, ascension, ashen, aspiration, assassination, assertion, assimilation, association, assumption, attention, attraction, attribution, auction, augmentation, authentication, authorization, automation, aviation, avocation, balkanization, beautician, benediction, bifurcation, brutalization, calculation, calibration, cancellation, cannibalization, capitalization, capitulation, caption, carburetion, carnation, castration, categorization, causation, caution, celebration, centralization, certification, cessation, cetacean, characterization, circulation, circumspection, citation, civilization, clarification, classification, coagulation, codification, coercion, cogeneration, cogitation, cohabitation, collaboration, collection, collectivization, colonization, coloration, colorization, combination, commemoration, commendation, commercialization, commotion, communication, communization, compassion, compensation, compilation, completion, complexion, complication, comprehension, compression, compulsion, compunction, computation, computerization, concatenation, concentration, conception, conceptualization, concession, conciliation, concoction, concussion, condemnation, condensation, condescension, conduction, confabulation, confection, confederation, confession, configuration, confirmation, confiscation, conflagration, confrontation, conglomeration, congratulation, congregation, conjugation, conjunction, connection, conniption, connotation, conscription, consecration, conservation, consideration, consolation, consolidation, constellation, consternation, constipation, constitution, constriction, construction, consultation, consummation, consumption, contamination, contemplation, contention, continuation, contortion, contraception, contraction, contradiction, contraption, contribution, convection, convention, conversation, conviction, convocation, convolution, convulsion, cooperation, coordination, coronation, corporation, correction, correlation, corroboration, corruption, counterrevolution, creation, cremation, criminalization, crucifixion, crustacean, culmination, cultivation, cushion, dalmatian, damnation, decaffeination, decapitation, deceleration, decentralization, deception, decertification, decimation, declaration, decompression, deconstruction, decontamination, decoration, decriminalization, dedication, deduction, defamation, defection, deflation, deforestation, deformation, degeneration, degradation, dehumanization, dehydration, deification, deinstitutionalization, delegation, deletion, deliberation, delineation, demarcation, demilitarization, demobilization, democratization, demodulation, demonization, demonstration, demoralization, demotion, denationalization, denomination, denuclearization, denunciation, depiction, depletion, depopulation, deportation, depravation, depreciation, depredation, depression, deprivation, deregulation, dereliction, derivation, desalination, desalinization, description, desecration, desegregation, desertion, desiccation, designation, desolation, desperation, destabilization, destination, destitution, destruction, detection, detention, deterioration, determination, detonation, detoxication, detoxification, devaluation, devastation, deviation, devolution, devotion, dictation, diction, differentiation, diffraction, digression, dilatation, dilation, dilution, dimension, diminution, direction, disaffection, discoloration, disconnection, discontinuation, discretion, discrimination, discussion, disembarkation, disinclination, disinfection, disinflation, disinformation, disintegration, dislocation, disorganization, disorientation, dispensation, disputation, disqualification, disruption, dissatisfaction, dissection, dissemination, dissension, dissertation, dissipation, dissociation, dissolution, distillation, distinction, distortion, distraction, distribution, diversification, divination, documentation, domestication, domination, donation, dramatization, duplication, duration, dysfunction, echolocation, edification, education, egyptian, ejaculation, ejection, elaboration, elation, election, electrification, electrocution, elevation, elimination, elocution, elongation, emanation, emancipation, embarkation, emigration, emotion, emulation, emulsion, encryption, enumeration, equalization, equitation, equivocation, eradication, erection, eruption, escalation, estimation, evacuation, evaluation, evaporation, eviction, evocation, evolution, exacerbation, exaction, exaggeration, examination, exasperation, excavation, exception, excitation, exclamation, excommunication, excoriation, excretion, execution, exemption, exertion, exfoliation, exhalation, exhilaration, exhortation, exhumation, exoneration, expansion, expatriation, expectation, experimentation, expiration, explanation, explication, exploitation, exploration, expression, expropriation, expulsion, extension, extermination, extinction, extortion, extraction, extrapolation, fabrication, fixation, flexion, flirtation, flotation, fluctuation, fluoridation, foliation, formalization, formation, formulation, fortification, foundation, fraction, fragmentation, freshen, friction, frustration, fumigation, function, gasification, gastrulation, generalization, generation, gentian, gentrification, germination, gestation, glaciation, globalization, glorification, gradation, graduation, granulation, gratification, gravitation, gumption, gyration, habitation, hallucination, harmonization, hesitation, hessian, hibernation, homogenization, hospitalization, humiliation, hybridization, hydration, hydrogenation, hyperinflation, hypertension, hypotension, identification, illumination, illustration, imagination, imitation, immigration, immunization, impassion, imperfection, impersonation, implantation, implementation, implication, importation, impregnation, impression, improvisation, imputation, inaction, inactivation, inauguration, incantation, incapacitation, incarceration, incarnation, inception, incineration, inclination, incoordination, incorporation, incrimination, incrustation, incubation, indemnification, indentation, indexation, indication, indignation, indiscretion, indoctrination, induction, industrialization, infarction, infatuation, infection, infestation, infiltration, inflammation, inflation, inflection, infliction, information, infraction, inhabitation, inhalation, initiation, injection, injunction, innovation, inoculation, inscription, insemination, insertion, insinuation, inspection, inspiration, installation, instigation, institution, institutionalization, instruction, instrumentation, insubordination, insulation, insurrection, integration, intensification, interaction, interception, intercession, interconnection, interdiction, interjection, internationalization, interpretation, interrogation, interruption, intersection, intimation, intimidation, intonation, intoxication, introduction, introspection, inundation, invalidation, invention, investigation, invitation, invocation, ionization, irradiation, irrigation, irritation, isolation, jubilation, junction, jurisdiction, justification, laceration, lactation, legalization, legislation, levitation, liberalization, liberation, libration, ligation, lilliputian, limitation, liposuction, liquefaction, liquidation, litigation, localization, location, locomotion, lotion, lubrication, machination, magnetization, magnification, malformation, malfunction, manifestation, manipulation, mansion, marginalization, martian, masturbation, maturation, maximization, mechanization, mediation, medication, meditation, menstruation, mention, midsection, migration, mineralization, miniaturization, ministration, misallocation, misapplication, misapprehension, misappropriation, miscalculation, mischaracterization, miscommunication, misconception, miscreation, misidentification, misimpression, misinformation, misinterpretation, misperception, misrepresentation, mitigation, mobilization, moderation, modernization, modification, modulation, molestation, monopolization, motion, motivation, multiplication, mummification, mutation, mutilation, narration, nation, nationalization, naturalization, navigation, negation, negotiation, neutralization, nitration, nomination, nonaggression, nondiscrimination, nonfiction, nonprescription, nonproliferation, normalization, notation, notification, notion, nucleation, nullification, obfuscation, objection, obligation, observation, obsession, obstruction, occupation, ocean, operation, oppression, optimization, option, oration, orchestration, ordination, organisation, organization, orientation, origination, ornamentation, oscillation, ossification, ostentation, ovation, overconsumption, overexpansion, overpopulation, overproduction, overprotection, overreaction, overregulation, oversimplification, overvaluation, ovulation, oxidation, pacification, pagination, palpitation, participation, passion, pasteurization, penetration, pension, perception, percussion, perfection, perforation, permutation, perpetuation, persecution, personalization, personification, perspiration, perturbation, pigmentation, plantation, polarization, politicization, pollination, pollution, pontification, popularization, population, portion, possession, potion, precaution, precession, precipitation, preconception, predestination, prediction, predilection, preelection, preemption, prefabrication, premeditation, preoccupation, preparation, prescription, presentation, preservation, pressurization, presumption, pretension, prevention, privation, privatization, probation, procession, proclamation, procrastination, procreation, production, profanation, profession, prognostication, progression, projection, proliferation, promotion, pronunciation, propagation, proportion, propulsion, proration, proscription, prosecution, prostitution, prostration, protection, protestation, provocation, publication, punctuation, purification, qualification, quantification, quotation, radiation, radicalization, ramification, ratification, ration, rationalization, reaction, reaffirmation, realization, reallocation, reassertion, reauthorization, recalculation, recantation, recapitalization, reception, recertification, recession, recitation, reclamation, reclassification, recollection, recommendation, reconciliation, reconfiguration, reconfirmation, reconsideration, reconstruction, recreation, recrimination, rectification, recuperation, redecoration, rededication, redemption, redirection, redistribution, reduction, reeducation, reelection, reevaluation, reexamination, reflation, reflection, reforestation, reformation, refrigeration, refutation, regeneration, regimentation, registration, regression, regulation, rehabilitation, rehydration, reincarnation, reincorporation, reinspection, reintegration, reinterpretation, reintroduction, reinvention, reinvigoration, reiteration, rejection, rejuvenation, relation, relaxation, relocation, remediation, remuneration, renationalization, renegotiation, renomination, renovation, renunciation, reorganization, reparation, repatriation, repercussion, replication, repossession, representation, repression, reproduction, repudiation, reputation, reregulation, reservation, resignation, resolution, respiration, restitution, restoration, restriction, resumption, resurrection, resuscitation, retaliation, retardation, retention, retraction, retribution, reunification, revaluation, revelation, reverberation, revitalization, revocation, revolution, revulsion, rotation, rumination, salvation, sanctification, sanction, sanitation, saponification, satisfaction, saturation, secession, secretion, section, securitization, sedation, sedimentation, seduction, segmentation, segregation, selection, sensation, separation, sequestration, session, simplification, simulation, situation, socialization, solicitation, solution, sophistication, specialization, specification, speculation, stabilization, stagflation, stagnation, standardization, starvation, station, sterilization, stimulation, stipulation, strangulation, subluxation, subordination, subscription, subsection, subsidization, substantiation, substation, substitution, subtraction, suburbanization, succession, suction, suffocation, summation, superstation, suppression, suspension, syncopation, syndication, tabulation, taxation, telecommunication, temptation, tension, termination, titillation, toleration, traction, transaction, transcription, transection, transformation, transgression, transillumination, translation, transplantation, transportation, trepidation, triangulation, tribulation, undervaluation, unification, unionization, urbanization, usurpation, utilization, vacation, vaccination, vacillation, validation, valuation, vaporization, variation, vegetation, venetian, ventilation, verification, vibration, victimization, vilification, vindication, violation, visitation, visualization, vocation, vulgarization, westernization, workstation. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "i-i-i-i-n-n-o-q-s-t-u" | |
-3 letters: quintins, unionist. | |
-4 letters: nonsuit, quinins, quintin. | |
-5 letters: inions, nitons, outsin, quinin, quints, quoins, quoits, squint, unions, unison. | |
| Words containing the letters "i-i-i-i-n-n-o-q-s-t-u" | |
+1 letter: inquisitions. | |
+2 letters: inquisitional. | |
+3 letters: requisitioning. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
