Induration

Definition: Induration

Induration

Noun

1. Any pathological hardening or thickening of tissue.

Date "induration" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1380. (references)

Etymology: Induration \In`du*ra"tion\, noun. [Compare to the French expression induration, from Latin expression induratio hardness of heart.]. (Websters 1913)

Domain	Definitions
Health	1. the quality of being hard; the process of hardening. 2. an abnormally hard spot or place. (references)
Mining	A. The hardening of a rock or rock material by heat, pressure, or the introduction of cementing material; esp. the process by which relatively consolidated rock is made harder or more compact. See also:lithification b. The hardening of a soil horizon by chemical action to form a hardpa. (references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Synonym: Induration

Synonym: sclerosis (n). (additional references)

Context	Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus).
Hardness	Induration, petrifaction; lapidification, lapidescence; vitrification, ossification; crystallization.
Impenitence	Hardness of heart, seared conscience, induration, obduracy.
Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus.

Crosswords: Induration

English words defined with "induration": induration of the arteries ♦ Scirrhosity, Sclerema, Scleriasis, Scleroma. (references)

Specialty definitions using "induration": conglomerite ♦ Penile Induration. (references)

Non-English Usage: "Induration" is also a word in the following language with the English translation in parentheses.

French (induration).

Domain	Title
Books	Sex & Peyronie Disease (Penile Induration - Strabismus: Index of New Information) (reference) Sex and Peyronie's Disease (Penile Induration, Strabismus): Index of New Information (reference) (more book examples)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

"Induration" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Induration" is used about 2 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)

Parts of Speech	Percent	Usage per 100 Million Words	Rank in English
Noun (singular)	100%	2	245,945

Expressions using "induration": induration of the arteries ♦ Penile Induration. Additional references.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.

Language		Translations for "induration"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.
Albanian		ngurtësim (concretion, petrifaction, petrification, solidification), ngurosje e ndjenjave. (various references)

Arabic		‏تيبس (stiffen). (various references)

Bulgarian		втвърдяване на тъкан, втвърдяване (calcification, concretion, congealment, fixation, reinforcement, rigescence, sclerosis, set), втвърдено състояние, закоравяване, индурация. (various references)

Chinese		变硬 (solidified, solidify, solidifying). (various references)

Czech		zatvrzení. (various references)

Danish		induratio. (various references)

Dutch		induratie. (various references)

Finnish		kovettuma (callus, sclerosis). (various references)

French		induration. (various references)

German		Induratio(n). (various references)

Greek		σκληρία (hardness), σκλήρυνση (carburizing, case hardening, curing, hardening, setting, tempering, toughening), αποσκλήρυνση (softening). (various references)

Hebrew		קשיון. (various references)

Hungarian		edzés (coaching, practice, scrimmage, tempering, training, workout). (various references)

Italian		indurimento (curing, hardening, set, setting). (various references)

Manx		creoighey (anneal, annealing, indurate, steel, steel heart, toughen, toughening). (various references)

Pig Latin		indurationay

Portuguese		insensibilidade (callousness, dullness, flintpaper, indolent, insensibility, stupor, torpor), induração, endurecimento (curing, endurance training, furnishings, hardening, set, setting, staling), arraigar-se (hardened). (various references)

Romanian		induraţie, cãlire (burning, hardening), întãrire (bracing, concretion, hardening, intensification, intension, munition, protection, recruitment, reinforcement, strengthening). (various references)

Russian		отвердение (calcification, lead). (various references)

Serbo-Croatian		induracija, otvrdnuće, oguglalost. (various references)

Spanish		induración, endurecimiento (cruelty, curing, endurance training, hardening, hardness, inurement, ossification, seasoning, set, setting). (various references)

Swedish		förhårdnad (callus). (various references)

Turkish		sertleştirme (hardening), sertleşme (consolidation, hardening, setting, stiffening), sağlamlaştırma (consolidation), katılaşma (concretion, fixation, hardening, rigor, rigour, solidification), duygusuzlaşma. (various references)

Ukranian		упертість (contrariness, contumacy, intractability, jib, non-compliance, obduracy, obstinacy, persistence, persistency, pertinacity, perversity, piggishness, recalcitrance, tenacity), черствість (obduracy), затвердіння (calcification, callosity, callus, congelation, consolidation, hardening, solidification). (various references)

Vietnamese		sự trở nên cứng sự l� m chai, sự nhẫn tâm (callousness, mercilessness, pitilessness, unmercifulness), sự l� m th� nh nhẫn tâm, sự l� m cứng, sự chai. (various references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

Derivations
	Words beginning with "induration": indurations. (additional references)
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

Words rhyming with "induration" (pronounced 'In`du*ra"tion'): Abacination, Abaction, Abalienation, Abarticulation, Abbreviation, Abdication, Abduction, Aberration, Abevacuation, Abirritation, Abjection, Abjudication, Abjuration, Ablactation, Ablaqueation, Ablation, Ablegation, Abligurition, Abnegation, Abnodation, Abolition, Abomination, Abortion, Abreaction, Abrenunciation, Abreption, Abrogation, Abruption, Absentation, Absolution, Absorbition, Absorption, Abstention, Abstraction, Absumption, Accentuation, Acceptation, Acceptilation, Acception, Acclimatation, Acclimation, Acclimatization, Accombination, Accommodation, Accreditation, Accrementition, Accretion, Accubation, Accusation, Acervation. (additional references)

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams
	Words within the letters "a-d-i-i-n-n-o-r-t-u"
	-1 letter: inundator, ruination, urination.
	-2 letters: audition, duration.
	-3 letters: andiron, auditor, diatron, dinitro, rainout, rotunda, unitard.
	-4 letters: adnoun, adroit, anoint, aroint, around, diuron, durian, durion, inroad, intron, inturn, nation, natron, nitrid, nonart, nutria, ordain, outran, ration, rotund, tundra, turnon, untorn, untrod.
	-5 letters: adorn, anion, aroid, audio, audit, danio, daunt, dinar, donna, donut, doura, drain, droit, idiot, indri.
	Words containing the letters "a-d-i-i-n-n-o-r-t-u"
	+1 letter: indurations.
	+3 letters: insubordinate, nonindustrial, subordinating, subordination, undoctrinaire, untraditional.
	+4 letters: counterraiding, insubordinates, solitudinarian, subordinations, underinflation, unidirectional, unromanticized.
	+5 letters: insubordinately, insubordination, intermodulation, solitudinarians, underestimation, underinflations, untraditionally.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.