Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Induction |
InductionNoun1. A formal entry into a position or office; "his initiation into the club"; "he was ordered to report for induction into the army". 2. An electrical phenomenon whereby an electromotive force (EMF) is generated in a closed circuit by a change in the flow of current. 3. Reasoning from detailed facts to general principles. 4. The process whereby changes in the current flow in a circuit produce magnetism or an EMF. 5. Stimulation that calls up (evokes or induces or elicits) a particular class of behaviors. 6. (physics) a property of an electric circuit by which an electromotive force is induced in it by a variation of current. 7. The act of bringing about something (especially at an early time); "the induction of an anesthetic state". 8. An act that sets in motion some course of events. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "induction" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1350. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Computing | Induction |
Energy | The production of an electric current in a conductor by the variation of a magnetic field in its vicinity. (references) |
Health | The act or process of inducing or causing to occur, especially the production of a specific morphogenetic effect in the developing embryo through the influence of evocators or organizers, or the production of anaesthesia or unconsciousness by use of appropriate agents. (references) |
Literature | Induction (Latin, the act of leading in). When a clergyman is inducted to a living he is led to the church door, and the ring which forms the handle is placed in his hand. The door being opened, he is next led into the church, and the fact is announced to the parish by tolling the bell. Source: Brewer's Dictionary. |
Medicine | The process causing a prophage to become virulent. Source: European Union. (references) |
| When a specific change in the environnent occurs (induction) some of the immune bacteria become "sensitive", and the virus now reproduces itself. . Source: European Union. (references) | |
| After a blood vessel becomes occluded neurons become starved for blood and, thus, for oxygen and glucose. The blood-deprived neurons then release excessive glutamate, which activates glutamate receptors on other neurons. In response to glutamate, NMDA receptors open channels that allow passage of both sodium(Na +)and calcium(Ca 2+), and AMPA/Kainate receptors open Na + channels, resulting in an abnormal buildup of both ions. At the same time, metabotropic receptors trigger formation of inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate(IP 3)and diacylglycerol(DAG). Source: European Union. (references) | |
Mining | The production of magnetization or electrification in a body by the mere proximity of magnetized or electrified bodies, or of an electric current in a conductor by the variation of the magnetic field in its vicinity.Syn:induced current. (references) |
Personal Care & Hotels | The entrainment of room air by the jet action of a primary air stream. Source: European Union. (references) |
Statistics | Inference of a rule from particular experiences. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Electromagnetic induction is the production of an electrical potential difference (or voltage) across a conductor situated in a changing magnetic field. Michael Faraday was the first to describe this phenomenon mathematically: he found that the size of the voltage produced is proportional to the rate of change of the magnetic flux. This applies whether the flux itself changes in strength or the conductor is moved through it. Electromagnetic induction underlies the operation of generators, induction motors, and most other electrical machines.
Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction states that
where e is the electromotive force (emf) in volts, N is the number of turns of wire, and Φ is the magnetic flux in webers.
Further, Lenz's law gives the direction of the induced emf, thus:
See Maxwell's equations for further mathematical treatment.
- The emf induced in an electric circuit always acts in such a direction that the current it drives around the circuit opposes the change in magnetic flux which produces the emf.
Applications
- Induction motors
- Electric generators
- Transformers
- Contactless charging of rechargeable batteries
- Electric cookers with induction hobs.
- Induction welding
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Electromagnetic induction."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The term Induction has more than one meaning in the English language.
Please see:
- Inductive reasoning in the field of logic
- Mathematical induction in the field of mathematics
- Transfinite induction is a special case of the above
- Structural induction is a generalization of mathematical induction
- Electromagnetic induction in physics and engineering
- please add other senses here, with articles as appropriate
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Induction."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Induction or inductive reasoning, sometimes called inductive logic, is the process of reasoning in which a general rule is inferred from some set of specific observations. It is to ascribe properties or relations to types based on limited observations of particular tokens; or to formulate laws based on limited observations of recurring phenomenal patterns. Induction is used, for example, in using specific propositions such as:
to infer general propositions such as:
- This swan is white.
- A billiard ball moves when struck with a cue.
Some philosophers consider the term "inductive logic" a misnomer because the validity of inductive reasoning is not dependent on the rules of formal logic which is by definition only deductive, not inductive. In contrast to deductive reasoning, conclusions arrived at by inductive reasoning do not necessarily have the same validity as the initial assumptions. In the example above, the conclusion that all swans are white is obviously wrong, but may have been thought correct in Europe until the settlement of Australia. Inductive arguments are never binding but they may be cogent. Inductive reasoning expresses the truth-value of its inferences in terms of probability rather than necessity.
- All swans are white.
- For every action, there is an equal and opposite re-action
The problem of induction, the search for a justification for inductive reasoning, was formally addressed first by David Hume. Hume criticised induction based on repeated experiences.
Philosophers since at least David Hume recognized a significant distinction between two kinds of statements, later called by Immanuel Kant "analytic" and "synthetic."
W. V. Quine debunked this distinction in his influential essay Two Dogmas of Empiricism and postulated that any empirical evidence that seems to falsify any particular theory can always be accommodated by the theory in question. (See ontological relativity.)
- Analytic truths, such as "All bachelors are unmarried men," or "Human beings are two-legged animals" are supposed to be true by virtue of the meanings of the words alone.
- Synthetic statements, such as "All ravens are black," or "All men are mortal," are true if at all only by virtue of some facts about the world. One has to discover that men die and ravens are black.
Both statistics and the scientific method rely on both induction and deduction.
See also
- Deductive reasoning
- Explanation
- Logic
- Falsifiability
External link
- Inductive Reasoning
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Inductive reasoning."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Mathematical induction, or proof by induction, is a method of mathematical proof typically used to establish that a given statement is true for all natural numbers. It can also be used in more general settings as will be described below. An induction variant is used in computer science to prove that expressions which can be evaluated are equivalent, and this is known as structural induction.The simplest and most common form of mathematical induction proves that a statement holds for all natural numbers n and consists of two steps:
To understand why the two steps are in fact sufficient, it is helpful to think of the domino effect: if you have a long row of dominos standing on end and you can be sure that
- Showing that the statement holds when n = 0.
- Showing that if the statement holds for n = m, then the same statement also holds for n = m + 1.
then you can conclude that all dominos will fall.
- The first domino will fall.
- Whenever a domino falls, its next neighbor will also fall.
Example
Suppose we wish to prove the statement:
for all natural numbers n. This is a simple formula for the sum of the natural numbers up to the number n. The proof that the statement is true for all natural numbers n proceeds as follows.
Proof
Check it is true for n = 0. Clearly, the sum of the first 0 natural numbers is 0, and 0.(0 + 1) / 2 = 0. So the statement is true for n = 0. We could define the statement as P(n), and thus we have that P(0) holds.Now we have to show that if the statement holds when n = m, then it also holds when n = m + 1. This can be done as follows.
Assume the statement is true for n = m, i.e.,
Adding m + 1 to both sides gives
By algebraic manipulation we have
Thus we have
This is that statement for n = m + 1. Note that it has not been proved as true: we made the assumption that P( m ) is true, and from that assumption we derived P( m + 1 ). Symbolically, we have shown that:
However, by induction, we may now conclude that the statement P(n) holds for all natural numbers n:
- We have P( 0 ), and thus P( 1 ) follows
- With P( 1 ), P( 2 ) follows
- ... etc
Generalizations
This type of proof can be generalized in several ways. For instance, if we want to prove a statement not for all natural numbers but only for all numbers greater than or equal to a certain number b then the following steps are sufficient:
This can be used, for example, to show that n2 > 2n for n ≥ 3. Note that this form of mathematical induction is actually a special case of the previous form because if the statement that we intend to prove is P(n) then proving it with these two rules is equivalent with proving P(n + b) for all natural numbers n with the first two steps.
- Showing that the statement holds when n = b.
- Showing that if the statement holds for n = m then the same statement also holds for n = m + 1.
Another generalization allows that in the second step we not only assume that the statement holds for n = m but also for all n smaller than or equal to m. This leads to the following two steps:
This can be used, for example, to show that fib(n) = [Φn - (-1/Φ)n ] / 51/2 where fib(n) is the nth Fibonacci number and Φ = (1 + 51/2) / 2 (the socalled Golden mean). Since fib(m + 1) = fib(m) + fib(m - 1) it is straightforward to prove that the statement holds for m + 1 if we can assume that it already holds for both m and m - 1. Also for this generalization it holds that it is in fact just a special case of the first form; let P(n) be the statement that we intend to prove then proving it with these rules is equivalent with proving the statement ' P(m) for all m ≤ n ' for all natural numbers n with the first two steps.
- Showing that the statement holds when n = 0.
- Showing that if the statement holds for all n ≤ m then the same statement also holds for n = m + 1.
The last two steps can be reformulated as one step:
This is in fact the most general form of mathematical induction and it can be shown that it is not only valid for statements about natural numbers, but for statements about elements of any well-founded set, that is, a set with a partial order that contains no infinite descending chains (where < is defined such that a < b iff a ≤ b and a ≠ b).
- Showing that if the statement holds for all n < m then the same statement also holds for n = m.
This form of induction, when applied to ordinals (which form a well-ordered and hence well-founded class), is called transfinite induction. It is an important proof technique in set theory, topology and other fields.
Proofs by transfinite induction typically need to distinguish three cases:
See also three forms of mathematical induction.
- m is a minimal element, i.e. there is no element smaller than m
- m has a direct predecessor, i.e. the set of elements which are smaller than m has a largest element
- m has no direct predecessor, i.e. m is a so-called limit-ordinal
Proof or reformulation of mathematical induction
The principle of mathematical induction is usually stated as an axiom of natural numbers, see Peano axioms. However, it can be proved in some logical systems; for instance, if the following axiom:is employed.
- The set of natural numbers is well-ordered
Note that the additional axiom is indeed an alternative formulation of principle of mathematical induction. That is, the two are equivalent. See proof of mathematical induction.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Mathematical induction."
Synonyms: InductionSynonyms: elicitation (n), evocation (n), generalisation (n), generalization (n), inductance (n), inductive reasoning (n), initiation (n), installation (n), trigger (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Churchdom | Holy orders, ordination,holy orders, ordination, institution, consecration, induction, reading in, preferment, translation, presentation. |
Experiment | Deduction, induction, abduction. |
Furnace | Noun: furnace, stove, kiln, oven; cracker; hearth, focus, combustion chamber; athanor, hypocaust, reverberatory; volcano; forge, fiery furnace; limekiln; Dutch oven; tuyere, brasier, salamander, heater, warming pan; boiler, caldron, seething caldron, pot; urn, kettle; chafing-dish; retort, crucible, alembic, still; waffle irons; muffle furnace, induction furnace; electric heater, electric furnace, electric resistance heat. |
Inquiry | Sifting; calculation, analysis, dissection, resolution, induction; Baconian method. |
Reasoning, | Process of reasoning, train of reasoning, chain of reasoning; deduction, induction, abduction; synthesis, analysis. |
Noun: {ant. } reasoning ratiocination rationalism; dialectics, induction, generalization. | |
The Drama | Act, scene, tableau; induction, introduction; prologue, epilogue; libretto. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Lyrics | Induction then destruction ("War"; performing artist: Edwin Starr) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Induction (1965) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Secretary of the Air Force Whit Peters receives the Air Force Order of the Sword from Chief Master Sgt. of the Air Force Jim Finch and Chief Master Sgt. James Mazza at an induction ceremony held Dec. 16 at Andrews Air Force Base, Md. The Order of the Swor. |  | Frank Sinatra signs his induction papers while Chief Clerk Mrs. Mae E. Jones helps out at local board No. 19-160 Danforth St., Jersey City / World Telegram p. Credit: Library of Congress; photo by F. Palumbo.. |
 | Speed them back--Join the WAAC--Women's Army Auxiliary Corps. U.S. Army--Apply at any U.S. Army recruiting and induction station. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Japanese-American volunteers. Among the men from local board No. 2 on Kauai, Hawaii who reported for physical examination prior to induction into the AJA [Americans of Japanese ancestry] combat unit taking shape in the territory were these three pairs of. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Japanese enlistment. A group of 110 men from the village of Aiea, Territory of Hawaii crowd into Selective Service Board No. 9 in Waipahu. They are waiting to sign applications for voluntary induction into the U.S. Army's recently formed combat regiment c. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Agriculture. Women on farms. Induction of much of America's manpower into the armed forces brings increased activity to U.S. farmer's wives, who, like Mrs. Harold Sontag of Maple Park, Illinois, finds the day all too short for the completion of her many c. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Silver Spring, Maryland. George Camblair waiting at the station for the train which will take him to the induction center. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Bainbridge Naval Training Station. Induction, blood test. Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
| Title | Author | Quote |
King Richard III | Shakespeare, William | A dire induction am I witness to, And will to France, hoping the consequence Will prove as bitter, black, and tragical |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Mechanism of antenatal corticosteroid induction of cell and organ maturation at the molecular level. (references) | |
Remission induction attempts to establish a "clinical" remission, in which detectable cancer has been eliminated. (references) | ||
Advances in tolerance induction will provide valuable new therapeutic strategies in transplantation and in treating a wide range of immune-mediated disorders. (references) | ||
Business | Induction of new aircraft in the fleet will also result in enhancement of PIA's ground support equipment. (references) | |
For example, combination ovens and induction cooking technology have been around for years and have been widely used in Europe, but until recently, the Canadian food service industry was not seriously interested in them. Today, driven in part by the need for energy and space efficiency, and for flexible equipment, Canadian restaurant owners and others are looking more closely at these alternatives. (references) | ||
Civil Liberties | Armenia | Members of Jehovah's Witnesses receiving draft notices continued to report directly to police and turned themselves in as draft evaders, rather then await induction to claim conscientious objector status. (references) |
Economic History | Bahrain | Another step is the induction of a new electronics clearance and settlement system that includes settling the monies of transactions concluded on the Stock Exchange floor. (references) |
Sri Lanka | Electric motors and generators, induction motors, electrical transformers, telephonic and telegraphic switchgear, electrical capacitors and other electrical apparatus have recorded high levels of imports making it major contributor to in the category. (references) | |
Human Rights | Russia | During such round-ups, at metro stations, or on the street, military officials stopped young males suspected of being subject to conscription and forcibly escorted them to the local military commissariat ("voyenkomat") for induction into the military. (references) |
Women | Colombia | A 1997 law also made additional, substantial modifications to the Penal Code and introduced sentences of between 4 and 40 years for crimes against sexual freedom or human dignity, including rape, sex with a minor, sexual abuse, induction into prostitution, and child pornography. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Robert Atkins | The diet is in four stages. The induction works very fast but you don't stay on it very long. It is just to get things started. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
Warren G. Harding | 1921-1923 | With the nation-wide induction of womanhood into our political life, we may count upon her intuitions, her refinements, her intelligence, and her influence to exalt the social order. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Induction" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.10% of the time. "Induction" is used about 665 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 99.1% | 659 | 9,937 |
| Noun (common) | 0.75% | 5 | 157,705 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.15% | 1 | 339,140 |
| Total | 100.00% | 665 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "induction": coefficient of mutual induction ♦ coefficient of self induction ♦ electrostatic induction ♦ Embryonic Induction ♦ Enzyme Induction ♦ induction accelerator ♦ induction chemotherapy ♦ induction circuit ♦ induction coil ♦ induction course ♦ induction current ♦ induction field ♦ induction furnace rammed lining ♦ Induction generator ♦ induction heating ♦ induction loop ♦ induction manifold ♦ induction motor ♦ induction of labor ♦ Induction pipe ♦ Induction port ♦ induction rule ♦ induction stroke ♦ induction therapy ♦ induction valve ♦ linear induction motor ♦ Logical induction ♦ magnetic induction ♦ mnemonic induction of lucid dreaming ♦ mutual induction ♦ neon induction lamp ♦ Ovulation Induction ♦ philosophical induction ♦ Remission Induction ♦ remission induction therapy ♦ salient pole synchronous induction motor ♦ self induction ♦ successive induction ♦ transfinite induction ♦ unipolar induction ♦ unipolar induction action. Additional references. | |
| Hypenated Usage | |
Ending with "induction": adhesion-induction, self-induction. | |
Containing "induction": self-induction coil. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "induction"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | induksion, vënie në post (investiture), thithje (absorption, exhaustion, pull, suck, suction), hyrje (access, accession, adit, aisle, barrier, door, entrance, entry, front door, gate, gateway, hall, hallway, incoming, inflow, inflowing, ingoing, ingress, inlet, input, intake, intromission, lead in, opening, porch, portal, preamble, preface, prelude, proem, prolegomena, prologue, throat). (various references) | |
Arabic | مقدمة إستهلالية, تقليد في منصب, تقليد (appointment, convention, copying, customs, imitation, inauguration, installation, investment, mimicry, reproduction, tradition), تجنيد (enlistment, levy, mobilization, recruitment, staffing), التخليق, الإستقراء, إحداث (creation), إستقراء (inducement). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | въвеждане в длъжност (inauguration), встъпване в длъжност (inauguration), всмукване на горивна смес, официално въвеждане в длъжност, индукция (inductance), индукционен. (various references) | |
Chinese | 归纳. (various references) | |
Czech | uvedení (acknowledgement, initiation, introduction, presentation). (various references) | |
Danish | induktion (entrainment, evocation, inductance). (various references) | |
Dutch | inductie (entrainment). (various references) | |
Finnish | induktio (entrainment). (various references) | |
French | induction (inducement). (various references) | |
German | induktion (induction course). (various references) | |
Greek | επαγωγή (deduction, inductance, inference), εισαγωγή (admission to, import, importation, initiation, input, insertion, intake, introduction, overture, preamble, prelude, prelusion, proem). (various references) | |
Hebrew | מן הפרט אל הכלל, הכתרה (coronation, enthronement, graduation, promotion), גיוס (call up, enlistment, mobilization, recruitment). (various references) | |
Hungarian | indukció. (various references) | |
Indonesian | imbasan (aura (spiritualism), current (air-)), pelantikan (enthronement, inauguration). (various references) | |
Italian | induzione (influence). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 誘導 (guidance, incitement, inducement, introduction, leading). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | きのうほう (inductive method), かんのうさよう, かんのう (divine response, encouragement of agriculture, full payment or delivery, inspiration, proficient, skillful, sympathy, the diencephalon, the interbrain, the senses), ゆうどう (guidance, incitement, inducement, introduction, leading), インダクション . (various references) | |
Korean | 감응작용. (various references) | |
Manx | ynshellooaghey (induct), leeideil stiagh, indughtaghey (induce), entreilys (access, admission, entrance, entry, passage). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | inductionay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | introduo, induo (influence), indução (entrainment), indução, raciocnio (head), posse (appropriation, asset, demesne, domain, fruition, gear, grasp, hand, hands, hold, occupancy, occupation, ownership, pleasure, possession, property, proprietorship, tenure), concluso (implication, inference), admissão (acceptance, access, accession, admission, admittance, concession, entrée, intake, reception, recipiency). (various references) | |
Romanian | instalare (installation, rigging, setting, settlement), inducţie (influence), cauzã (account, bottom, call, cause, consideration, ground, motive, reason, root, score, subject, wherefore, whys), admisie (inlet, input, intake, intromission), încorporare (conscription, incorporation). (various references) | |
Russian | индукция. (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | indukovanje, indukcioni, indukcija, uvođenje (initiation, institution, introduction), regrutovanje (conscription, draft, drafting, levy, recruiting, recruitment), početak (beginning, commencement, exordium, go off, inception, incipience, morning, onset, outbreak, outset, set out, start, starter, threshold). (various references) | |
Spanish | inducción (inducement). (various references) | |
Swedish | induktion (inductance). (various references) | |
Turkish | indüksiyon, indükleme (suction), ileri sürme (allegation, enunciation, pleading), tümevarım (reasoning), resmen göreve başlatma, neden olma (causation), giriş (access, adit, admission, admittance, ante, checkin, door, doorway, entrée, entrance, entry, exordium, inflow, influx, ingress, inlet, input, intake, introduction, lead in, pass, port, preamble, prelude, proem, vestibule), başlatma (initiation, sendoff), askere alma (enlistment, enrollment, enrolment, recruiting). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | індукція, вступ (accedence, accession, admission, entry, exordium, foreword, introduction, opening, overture, prelude, prelusion, prodrome), офіційне введення на посаду. (various references) | |
Vietnamese | cảm ứng. (various references) | |
Welsh | anwythiad. (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "induction": inductions. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "induction": photoinduction, preinduction, superinduction. (additional references) | |
Words containing "induction": photoinductions, preinductions, superinductions. (additional references) | |
| |
"Induction" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: enduction, indictio, induation, inducation, inductio, induktion, injuction. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "induction" (pronounced i'ndu"kshun) |
| 7 | -n d u" k sh u n | conduction. |
| 6 | -d u" k sh u n | abduction, deduction, introduction, overproduction, production, reduction, reintroduction, reproduction, seduction. |
| 5 | -u" k sh u n | construction, deconstruction, destruction, instruction, obstruction, reconstruction, suction. |
| 4 | -k sh u n | faction, fiction, abstraction, action, addiction, advection, affection, affliction, attraction, auction, benediction, circumspection, collection, complexion, compunction, concoction, confection, conjunction, connection, constriction, contraction, contradiction, convection, conviction, correction, crucifixion, defection, depiction, dereliction, detection, diction, diffraction, direction, disaffection, disconnection, disinfection, dissatisfaction, dissection, distinction, distraction, dysfunction, ejection, election, erection, eviction, exaction, extinction, extraction, flexion, fraction, friction, function, imperfection, inaction, infarction, infection, inflection, infliction, infraction, injection, injunction, inspection, insurrection, interaction, interconnection, interdiction, interjection, intersection, introspection, junction, jurisdiction, liposuction, liquefaction, malfunction, midsection, nonfiction, objection, overprotection, overreaction, perfection, prediction, predilection, preelection, projection, protection, reaction, recollection, redirection, reelection, reflection, reinspection, rejection, restriction, resurrection, retraction, sanction, satisfaction, section, selection, subsection, subtraction, traction, transaction, transection. |
| 3 | -sh u n | facilitation, falsification, fascination, fashion, federation, fermentation, fertilization, fibrillation, figuration, filtration, fission, abrogation, absolution, absorption, academician, acceleration, accession, acclimation, accommodation, abbreviation, abdication, aberration, abolition, abomination, abortion, accreditation, accretion, accumulation, accusation, acidification, acquisition, activation, adaptation, addition, adjudication, administration, admiration, admission, admonition, adoption, adoration, adulation, advocation, affectation, affiliation, affirmation, agglomeration, aggravation, aggression, agitation, alienation, allegation, alleviation, alliteration, allocation, alphabetization, alteration, altercation, alternation, amalgamation, ambition, amelioration, ammunition, amortization, amplification, amputation, animation, annexation, annihilation, annotation, antiabortion, anticipation, anticorruption, antidiscrimination, apparition, appellation, application, apportion, appreciation, apprehension, approbation, appropriation, approximation, arbitration, argumentation, articulation, ascension, ashen, aspiration, assassination, assertion, assimilation, association, assumption, attention, attribution, attrition, audition, augmentation, authentication, authorization, automation, aviation, avocation, balkanization, beautician, bifurcation, brutalization, calculation, calibration, cancellation, cannibalization, capitalization, capitulation, caption, carburetion, carnation, castration, categorization, causation, caution, celebration, centralization, certification, cessation, cetacean, characterization, circulation, citation, civilization, clarification, classification, clinician, coagulation, coalition, codification, coercion, cogeneration, cogitation, cognition, cohabitation, collaboration, collectivization, colonization, coloration, colorization, combination, commemoration, commendation, commercialization, commission, commotion, communication, communization, compassion, compensation, competition, compilation, completion, complication, composition, comprehension, compression, compulsion, computation, computerization, concatenation, concentration, conception, conceptualization, concession, conciliation, concussion, condemnation, condensation, condescension, condition, confabulation, confederation, confession, configuration, confirmation, confiscation, conflagration, confrontation, conglomeration, congratulation, congregation, conjugation, conniption, connotation, conscription, consecration, conservation, consideration, consolation, consolidation, constellation, consternation, constipation, constitution, consultation, consummation, consumption, contamination, contemplation, contention, continuation, contortion, contraception, contraption, contribution, contrition, convention, conversation, convocation, convolution, convulsion, cooperation, coordination, coronation, corporation, correlation, corroboration, corruption, counterrevolution, creation, cremation, criminalization, crustacean, culmination, cultivation, cushion, dalmatian, damnation, decaffeination, decapitation, deceleration, decentralization, deception, decertification, decimation, declaration, decommission, decomposition, decompression, decontamination, decoration, decriminalization, dedication, defamation, definition, deflation, deforestation, deformation, degeneration, degradation, dehumanization, dehydration, deification, deinstitutionalization, delegation, deletion, deliberation, delineation, demarcation, demilitarization, demobilization, democratization, demodulation, demolition, demonization, demonstration, demoralization, demotion, denationalization, denomination, dentition, denuclearization, denunciation, depletion, depopulation, deportation, deposition, depravation, depreciation, depredation, depression, deprivation, deregulation, derivation, desalination, desalinization, description, desecration, desegregation, desertion, desiccation, designation, desolation, desperation, destabilization, destination, destitution, detention, deterioration, determination, detonation, detoxication, detoxification, devaluation, devastation, deviation, devolution, devotion, dictation, dietitian, differentiation, digression, dilatation, dilation, dilution, dimension, diminution, discoloration, discontinuation, discretion, discrimination, discussion, disembarkation, disinclination, disinflation, disinformation, disintegration, dislocation, disorganization, disorientation, dispensation, disposition, disputation, disqualification, disruption, dissemination, dissension, dissertation, dissipation, dissociation, dissolution, distillation, distortion, distribution, diversification, divination, documentation, domestication, domination, donation, dramatization, duplication, duration, echolocation, edification, edition, education, egyptian, ejaculation, elaboration, elation, electrician, electrification, electrocution, elevation, elimination, elocution, elongation, emanation, emancipation, embarkation, emigration, emission, emotion, emulation, emulsion, encryption, enumeration, equalization, equitation, equivocation, eradication, erudition, eruption, escalation, estimation, evacuation, evaluation, evaporation, evocation, evolution, exacerbation, exaggeration, examination, exasperation, excavation, exception, excitation, exclamation, excommunication, excoriation, excretion, execution, exemption, exertion, exfoliation, exhalation, exhibition, exhilaration, exhortation, exhumation, exoneration, expansion, expatriation, expectation, expedition, experimentation, expiration, explanation, explication, exploitation, exploration, exposition, expression, expropriation, expulsion, extension, extermination, extortion, extradition, extrapolation, fabrication, fixation, flirtation, flotation, fluctuation, fluoridation, foliation, formalization, formation, formulation, fortification, foundation, fragmentation, freshen, fruition, frustration, fumigation, gasification, gastrulation, generalization, generation, gentian, gentrification, geriatrician, germination, gestation, glaciation, globalization, glorification, gradation, graduation, granulation, gratification, gravitation, gumption, gyration, habitation, hallucination, harmonization, hesitation, hessian, hibernation, homogenization, hospitalization, humiliation, hybridization, hydration, hydrogenation, hyperinflation, hypertension, hypotension, identification, ignition, illumination, illustration, imagination, imitation, immigration, immunization, impassion, impersonation, implantation, implementation, implication, importation, imposition, impregnation, impression, improvisation, imputation, inactivation, inauguration, incantation, incapacitation, incarceration, incarnation, inception, incineration, inclination, incoordination, incorporation, incrimination, incrustation, incubation, indemnification, indentation, indexation, indication, indignation, indiscretion, indoctrination, industrialization, infatuation, infestation, infiltration, inflammation, inflation, information, inhabitation, inhalation, inhibition, initiation, innovation, inoculation, inquisition, inscription, insemination, insertion, insinuation, inspiration, installation, instigation, institution, institutionalization, instrumentation, insubordination, insulation, integration, intensification, interception, intercession, intermission, internationalization, interpretation, interrogation, interruption, intimation, intimidation, intonation, intoxication, intuition, inundation, invalidation, invention, investigation, invitation, invocation, ionization, irradiation, irrigation, irritation, isolation, jubilation, justification, juxtaposition, laceration, lactation, legalization, legislation, levitation, liberalization, liberation, libration, ligation, lilliputian, limitation, liquidation, litigation, localization, location, locomotion, logician, lotion, lubrication, machination, magician, magnetization, magnification, malformation, malnutrition, manifestation, manipulation, mansion, marginalization, martian, masturbation, mathematician, maturation, maximization, mechanization, mediation, medication, meditation, menstruation, mention, migration, mineralization, miniaturization, ministration, misallocation, misapplication, misapprehension, misappropriation, miscalculation, mischaracterization, miscommunication, misconception, miscreation, misidentification, misimpression, misinformation, misinterpretation, misperception, misrepresentation, mission, mitigation, mobilization, moderation, modernization, modification, modulation, molestation, monopolization, mortician, motion, motivation, multiplication, mummification, munition, musician, mutation, mutilation, narration, nation, nationalization, naturalization, navigation, negation, negotiation, neutralization, nitration, nomination, nonaggression, nondiscrimination, nonprescription, nonproliferation, normalization, notation, notification, notion, nucleation, nullification, nutrition, obfuscation, obligation, observation, obsession, obstetrician, occupation, ocean, omission, operation, opposition, oppression, optician, optimization, option, oration, orchestration, ordination, organisation, organization, orientation, origination, ornamentation, oscillation, ossification, ostentation, ovation, overconsumption, overexpansion, overpopulation, overregulation, oversimplification, overvaluation, ovulation, oxidation, pacification, pagination, palpitation, participation, partition, passion, pasteurization, patrician, pediatrician, penetration, pension, perception, percussion, perforation, permission, permutation, perpetuation, persecution, personalization, personification, perspiration, perturbation, petition, physician, pigmentation, plantation, polarization, politician, politicization, pollination, pollution, pontification, popularization, population, portion, position, possession, potion, precaution, precession, precipitation, preconception, precondition, predestination, predisposition, preemption, prefabrication, preignition, premeditation, premonition, preoccupation, preparation, prescription, presentation, preservation, pressurization, presumption, presupposition, pretension, prevention, privation, privatization, probation, procession, proclamation, procrastination, procreation, profanation, profession, prognostication, progression, prohibition, proliferation, promotion, pronunciation, propagation, proportion, proposition, propulsion, proration, proscription, prosecution, prostitution, prostration, protestation, provocation, publication, punctuation, purification, qualification, quantification, quotation, radiation, radicalization, ramification, ratification, ration, rationalization, reaffirmation, realization, reallocation, reassertion, reauthorization, recalculation, recantation, recapitalization, reception, recertification, recession, recitation, reclamation, reclassification, recognition, recommendation, reconciliation, recondition, reconfiguration, reconfirmation, reconsideration, recreation, recrimination, rectification, recuperation, redecoration, rededication, redefinition, redemption, redistribution, reeducation, reevaluation, reexamination, reflation, reforestation, reformation, refrigeration, refutation, regeneration, regimentation, registration, regression, regulation, rehabilitation, rehydration, reimposition, reincarnation, reincorporation, reintegration, reinterpretation, reinvention, reinvigoration, reiteration, rejuvenation, relation, relaxation, relocation, remediation, remission, remuneration, renationalization, rendition, renegotiation, renomination, renovation, renunciation, reorganization, reparation, repatriation, repercussion, repetition, replication, reposition, repossession, representation, repression, repudiation, reputation, requisition, reregulation, reservation, resignation, resolution, respiration, restitution, restoration, resumption, resuscitation, retaliation, retardation, retention, retransmission, retribution, reunification, revaluation, revelation, reverberation, revitalization, revocation, revolution, revulsion, rhetorician, rotation, rumination, salvation, sanctification, sanitation, saponification, saturation, secession, secretion, securitization, sedation, sedimentation, sedition, segmentation, segregation, sensation, separation, sequestration, session, simplification, simulation, situation, socialization, solicitation, solution, sophistication, specialization, specification, speculation, stabilization, stagflation, stagnation, standardization, starvation, station, statistician, sterilization, stimulation, stipulation, strangulation, subluxation, submission, subordination, subscription, subsidization, substantiation, substation, substitution, suburbanization, succession, suffocation, summation, superstation, superstition, supposition, suppression, suspension, suspicion, syncopation, syndication, tabulation, tactician, taxation, technician, telecommunication, temptation, tension, termination, theoretician, titian, titillation, toleration, tradition, transcription, transformation, transgression, transillumination, transition, translation, transmission, transplantation, transportation, trepidation, triangulation, tribulation, tuition, undervaluation, unification, unionization, urbanization, usurpation, utilization, vacation, vaccination, vacillation, validation, valuation, vaporization, variation, vegetation, venetian, ventilation, verification, vibration, victimization, vilification, vindication, violation, visitation, visualization, vocation, volition, vulgarization, westernization, workstation. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "c-d-i-i-n-n-o-t-u" | |
-2 letters: conduit, diction, dunitic, nicotin, noctuid, unction. | |
-3 letters: indict, induct, nuncio, uncini. | |
-4 letters: conin, count, cutin, dicot, donut, idiot, inion, iodic, iodin, ionic, nitid, niton, ontic, tondi, tonic, tunic, union. | |
-5 letters: cion, coin, coni, conn, dint, doit, duci, duct, duit, dunt, icon, inti, into, nidi, nodi, noun, odic, otic, unci, unco, undo, unit, unto. | |
| Words containing the letters "c-d-i-i-n-n-o-t-u" | |
+1 letter: inductions. | |
+2 letters: discontinue, discounting, disfunction, disjunction, introducing. | |
+3 letters: denunciation, difunctional, discontinued, discontinues, disfunctions, disjunctions, introduction, noninductive, preinduction. | |
+4 letters: denticulation, denunciations, discontinuing, discontinuity, discontinuous, disfunctional, introductions, misconducting, misfunctioned, outdistancing, preinductions, rediscounting, reintroducing, unconditional, unconditioned, undoctrinaire. | |
+5 letters: counterbidding, counterraiding, denticulations, discontinuance, nondisjunction, photoinduction, reintroduction, semiconducting, superinduction, unidirectional, unromanticized. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
