Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

| Domain | Definition |
Computing | ISO 8859-1 ISO 8859. Source: The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
ISO/IEC 8859-1 suffers from a number of deficiencies, including the omission of a few French diacritics and the lack of a Euro symbol. For this reason ISO/IEC 8859-15 has been developed as an update of ISO/IEC 8859-1 to add the required additional characters. (This required however the removal of some less used characters from ISO/IEC 8859-1, including fraction symbols and letter-free diacritics: ¤, ¦, ¨, ´, ¸, ¼, ½ and ¾.)
Since all 191 characters encoded by ISO/IEC 8859-1 are graphic and compatible with most web browsers, they can be shown as glyphs in the following table. The row and column headings indicate the hexadecimal digit combinations to produce the 8-bit code value; e.g., "L" is hex 4C, or binary 01001100.
| ISO/IEC 8859-1 | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| x0 | x1 | x2 | x3 | x4 | x5 | x6 | x7 | x8 | x9 | xA | xB | xC | xD | xE | xF
| |
| 0x | unused | |||||||||||||||
| 1x | ||||||||||||||||
| 2x | SP | exclamation mark | double quote | # | dollar sign | % | & | ' | ( | ) | * | + | comma | - | full stop | / |
| 3x | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | colon | semicolon | < | = | > | question mark |
| 4x | @ | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O |
| 5x | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | [ | \\ | ] | ^ | _ |
| 6x | ` | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o |
| 7x | p | q | r | s | t | u | v | w | x | y | z | { | | | } | ~ | |
| 8x | unused | |||||||||||||||
| 9x
| ||||||||||||||||
| Ax | NBSP | ¡ | ¢ | £ | ¤ | ¥ | ¦ | § | ¨ | © | ª | « | ¬ | | ® | ¯
|
| Bx | ° | ± | ² | ³ | ´ | µ | ¶ | · | ¸ | ¹ | º | » | ¼ | ½ | ¾ | ¿
|
| Cx | À | Á | Â | Ã | Ä | Å | Æ | Ç | È | É | Ê | Ë | Ì | Í | Î | Ï |
| Dx | Ð | Ñ | Ò | Ó | Ô | Õ | Ö | × | Ø | Ù | Ú | Û | Ü | Ý | Þ | ß |
| Ex | à | á | â | ã | ä | å | æ | ç | è | é | ê | ë | ì | í | î | ï |
| Fx | ð | ñ | ò | ó | ô | õ | ö | ÷ | ø | ù | ú | û | ü | ý | þ | ÿ |
In the table above, 20 is the regular SPACE character, and A0 is the NO-BREAK SPACE. AD is a SOFT HYPHEN, which may not appear at all in some web browsers.
Code values 00-1F, 7F, and 80-9F are not assigned to characters by ISO/IEC 8859-1.
| ISO-8859-1 | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| x0 | x1 | x2 | x3 | x4 | x5 | x6 | x7 | x8 | x9 | xA | xB | xC | xD | xE | xF | |
| 0x | NUL | SOH | STX | ETX | EOT | ENQ | ACK | BEL | BS | HT | LF | VT | FF | CR | SO | SI |
| 1x | DLE | DC1 | DC2 | DC3 | DC4 | NAK | SYN | ETB | CAN | EM | SUB | ESC | FS | GS | RS | US |
| 2x | SP | ! | " | # | $ | % | & | ' | ( | ) | * | + | , | - | . | / |
| 3x | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | : | ; | < | = | > | ? |
| 4x | @ | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O |
| 5x | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | [ | \\ | ] | ^ | _ |
| 6x | ` | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o |
| 7x | p | q | r | s | t | u | v | w | x | y | z | { | | | } | ~ | DEL |
| 8x | PAD | HOP | BPH | NBH | IND | NEL | SSA | ESA | HTS | HTJ | VTS | PLD | PLU | RI | SS2 | SS3 |
| 9x | DCS | PU1 | PU2 | STS | CCH | MW | SPA | EPA | SOS | SGCI | SCI | CSI | ST | OSC | PM | APC |
| Ax | NBSP | ¡ | ¢ | £ | ¤ | ¥ | ¦ | § | ¨ | © | ª | « | ¬ | | ® | ¯ |
| Bx | ° | ± | ² | ³ | ´ | µ | ¶ | · | ¸ | ¹ | º | » | ¼ | ½ | ¾ | ¿ |
| Cx | À | Á | Â | Ã | Ä | Å | Æ | Ç | È | É | Ê | Ë | Ì | Í | Î | Ï |
| Dx | Ð | Ñ | Ò | Ó | Ô | Õ | Ö | × | Ø | Ù | Ú | Û | Ü | Ý | Þ | ß |
| Ex | à | á | â | ã | ä | å | æ | ç | è | é | ê | ë | ì | í | î | ï |
| Fx | ð | ñ | ò | ó | ô | õ | ö | ÷ | ø | ù | ú | û | ü | ý | þ | ÿ |
In the table above, 20 is the regular SPACE character, and A0 is the NO-BREAK SPACE. AD is a SOFT HYPHEN, which may not appear at all in some web browsers.
There are additional parts to the ISO/IEC 8859 standard that have corresponding IANA-approved character sets, e.g. ISO/IEC 8859-10 (Latin alphabet no. 6) is very similar to character set ISO-8859-10. Each of the ISO/IEC 8859-x parts encodes characters in the same way: they cover the ASCII range (hex 20-7F) plus 96 additional characters in the A0-FF range, for a total of 191 characters. The ISO-8859-x sets each add the C0 control characters from 00-1F, and additional characters in the 80-9F range, thus offering a set of 255 characters. ISO-8859-1 is unique among these sets in that that its coded characters are equivalent to the first 256 code points of Unicode.
ISO-8859-1 is the standard encoding used by the X Window System on most Unix machines.
| Windows-1252 (CP1252) | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| x0 | x1 | x2 | x3 | x4 | x5 | x6 | x7 | x8 | x9 | xA | xB | xC | xD | xE | xF | |
| 0x | NUL | SOH | STX | ETX | EOT | ENQ | ACK | BEL | BS | HT | LF | VT | FF | CR | SO | SI |
| 1x | DLE | DC1 | DC2 | DC3 | DC4 | NAK | SYN | ETB | CAN | EM | SUB | ESC | FS | GS | RS | US |
| 2x | SP | ! | " | # | $ | % | & | ' | ( | ) | * | + | , | - | . | / |
| 3x | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | : | ; | < | = | > | ? |
| 4x | @ | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O |
| 5x | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | [ | \\ | ] | ^ | _ |
| 6x | ` | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o |
| 7x | p | q | r | s | t | u | v | w | x | y | z | { | | | } | ~ | DEL
|
| 8x | € | ‚ | ƒ | „ | … | † | ‡ | ˆ | ‰ | Š | ‹ | Œ | Ž |
| ||
| 9x | ‘ | ’ | “ | ” | • | - | - | ˜ | ™ | š | › | œ | ž | Ÿ
| ||
| Ax | NBSP | ¡ | ¢ | £ | ¤ | ¥ | ¦ | § | ¨ | © | ª | « | ¬ | | ® | ¯ |
| Bx | ° | ± | ² | ³ | ´ | µ | ¶ | · | ¸ | ¹ | º | » | ¼ | ½ | ¾ | ¿ |
| Cx | À | Á | Â | Ã | Ä | Å | Æ | Ç | È | É | Ê | Ë | Ì | Í | Î | Ï |
| Dx | Ð | Ñ | Ò | Ó | Ô | Õ | Ö | × | Ø | Ù | Ú | Û | Ü | Ý | Þ | ß |
| Ex | à | á | â | ã | ä | å | æ | ç | è | é | ê | ë | ì | í | î | ï |
| Fx | ð | ñ | ò | ó | ô | õ | ö | ÷ | ø | ù | ú | û | ü | ý | þ | ÿ |
In the table above, 20 is the regular SPACE character, and A0 is the NO-BREAK SPACE. AD is a SOFT HYPHEN, which may not appear at all in some web browsers. 81, 8D, 8F, 90, and 9D are unused.
Older Apple Macintosh computers use a different encoding, MacRoman, that likewise differs in the 80-9F range.
The distinction between ISO 8859-1, ISO--8859-1, Windows-1252, and MacRoman is a common source of confusion among computer programmers.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "ISO 8859-1."
Scrabble® YAWL-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "1-5-8-8-9-i-o-s" | |
-5 letters: ios, iso. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)49 53 4F      38 38 35 39 2D 31 |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
|
Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01001001 01010011 01001111 00100000 00111000 00111000 00110101 00111001 00101101 00110001 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)I S O   8 8 5 9 - 1 |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0049 0053 004F      0038 0038 0035 0039 002D 0031 |
Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)4353492262623271519 |
| 1. Anagrams 2. Orthography 3. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.