Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: IF |
IFConjunction1. Whether; -- in dependent questions. 2. In case that; granting, allowing, or supposing that; -- introducing a condition or supposition. |
Date "IF" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1010. (references) |
Etymology: If \If\, conj. [from Old English expression if, gif, Anglo-Saxon gif; akin to OFries. ief, gef, ef, Old Saxon ef, of, Dutch of, or, whether, if, German ob whether, if, Old High German. oba, ibu, Icelandic ef, Gothic iba, ibai, an interrogative particle; properly case form of noun meaning, doubt (Compare to Old High German. iba doubt, condition, Icelandic if, ef, ifi, efi), and therefore originally meaning, on condition that.]. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Tips from 1870 | Usage: If, Whether. "I do not know if he sold his farm or exchanged it for city property." Use whether. Usage: But, If. "I should not wonder but the assembly would adjourn to-day." Use if instead of but. Source: Slips of Speech. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
A conditional statement, or simply a conditional for short, is an "if-then" statement, written in the form: 'if P, then Q'. Here, 'P' is the antecedent (the "if" part of the statement) and 'Q' is the consequent (the "then" part). For example, in "If you give me ten dollars, then I will be your best friend," the claim "you give me ten dollars" is the antecedent of the conditional, and "I will be your best friend" is the consequent.In traditional logic, a statement if A then B is true if and only if either A is false or B is true, or both. There have been attempts in areas such as modal logic to find a formal definition that is closer to the 'intuitive' meaning: In the traditional logic interpretation "If it is raining now, then I am a unicorn." is true provided it is not raining now.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Conditional."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
if or IF may be:
simple:If
- If
- Conditional
- If —, poem by Rudyard Kipling
- Interactive fiction (IF, also known as text adventures)
- Intermediate frequency
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "If."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
if, subtitled "Worlds of Science Fiction", was launched in March 1952, the creation, apparently, of James L. Quinn of the Quinn Publishing Company, not to be confused with Robert Guinn, who later published both If and its sister pulp Galaxy. (The title "If" had previously been used by Con Perderson in 1948 for an amateur magazine.) At first the cover bore only a distinctive if in oversized lower-case letters, but later the subtitle was added over the logo in such a way as to make it appear that the actual title of the magazine was "Worlds of If". In 1972 Worlds of If was made the official name of the magazine, so that issues after 1972 are sometimes indexed separately. The editoral succession at If seems to have been as follows:
- Paul W. Fairman: March 1952 - Sept. 1952
- James L. Quinn: Nov 52 - Aug 1958
- Damon Knight: Oct 58 - Feb 1959
- H.L. Gold: July 1959 - Nov 1961 (Gold was ill for part of this period, and some issues listing him as editor were actually edited by Fred Pohl.)
- Frederik Pohl, Jan 1962 - May 1969 (Under Pohl, If won the Hugo award for best professional science fiction magazine three years running: 1966, 1967, and 1968.)
- Ejler Jacobsson: Oct 1969 - Jan/Feb 1974
- Jim Baen: Mar/Apr 1974 - Dec 1974 (If then ceased publication and was incorporated into Galaxy.)
- Clifford R. Hong: Fall (September/November) 1986. This attempt to revive If as a quarterly lasted only one issue.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "If magazine."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In mathematics, logic and technical fields that depend on it, iff is used as an abbreviation for "if and only if". It is often, not always, written italicized: iff. The phrase "'P' is necessary and sufficient for 'Q'" is also sometimes used for "P iff Q".A sentence that is composed of two other sentences joined by "iff" is called a biconditional. Iff joins two sentences to form a new sentence. It should not be confused with logical equivalence which is a description of a relation between two sentences. The biconditional "A iff B" uses the sentences A and B, describing a relation between the states of affairs A and B describe. By contrast "'A' is logically equivalent to 'B'" mentions the two sentences: it describes a relation between those two sentences, and not between whatever matters they describe.
The distinction is a very confusing one, and has led many a philosopher astray. Certainly it is the case that when 'A' is logically equivalent to 'B', "A iff B" is true. But the converse does not hold. For example, consider the sentence:
There is clearly no logical equivalence between the two halves of this particular biconditional. For more on the distinction, see W. V. Quine's Mathematical Logic, Section 5.
- Mary will eat pudding today if and only if it's custard.
The corresponding logical symbols are "↔" and "⇔".
When proving the statement "P iff Q", it is equivalent to prove both the two statements "if P, then Q" and "if Q, then P".
The abbreviation appeared in print for the first time in John Kelley's 1955 book General Topology. Its invention is often credited to the mathematician Paul Halmos, but in his autobiography he states that he borrowed it from puzzlers.
In philosophy and logic, for example, "iff" is used to indicate definitions, since definitions are supposed to be universally quantified biconditionals. In mathematics, however, the word "if" is often used in definitions, rather than "iff". Here are some examples of true statements that use "iff" - true biconditionals (the first is an example of a definition):
- A person is a bachelor iff that person is an unmarried but marriagable man.
- "Snow is white" (in English) is true iff "Schnee ist weiss" (in German) is true.
- For any p, q, and r: (p & q) & r iff p & (q & r). (Since this is written using variables and "&", the statement would usually be written using "↔", or one of the other symbols used to write biconditionals, in place of "iff").
Sometimes other words are also emphasied in the same way by repeating the last letter; for example orr for "Or and only Or" (the exclusive disjunction).
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Iff."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
This article is about the file format. IFF can also stand for Identification friend or foe, a battlefield identification system, or iff in mathematics
IFF, the Interchange File Format, is a generic file format originally introduced by the Electronic Arts company in 1985 in order to ease transfer of data between software products produced by different companies.
RIFF is a variant of IFF format devised by Microsoft and IBM; RIFF files differ from IFF files in that they have letters RIFF at the beginning and use little-endian integers. The file format TIFF was invented by Aldus to include high-depth bitmaps with PostScript; it is similar to IFF, and has similar name, but is otherwise unrelated.
IFF files of course do not have any common extension. Most files with .iff extension are in fact ILBM files, wrongly named so because they are most common IFF files and most people think they are the only type of IFF files (on most systems that produce IFF files extensions are not important).
Structure
IFF files begin with capital ASCII letters FORM, followed with a longword (all integers in IFF files' structure are big-endian) containing the size of the file after it (that is, the number of bytes that has to be read until the end of the file; typically, this is filesize-8), followed with four capital ASCII letters (numbers and space can also be used) that describe file type.After the header, IFF files contain a stream of chunks. Each chunk also has four letters at the beginning describing its type (examples: TEXT, BODY, BMHD) followed by longword that contain the length of the chunk (that is, the number of bytes that has to be read until the end of the chunk). The next chunk need not be exactly at the end of the previous, as chunks are longword-aligned. Each type of chunk typically has different internal structure, that could be numerical data, text, or raw data. It is also possible to include other IFF files as if they are chunks (note that they have the same structure: four letters followed with length) and some formats use this. There are standard chunks that could be present in any IFF file, such as AUTH (containing text with information about author of the file), ANNO (containing text with annotation, usually name of the program that created the file), NAME (containing text with name of the work in the file), VERS (containing file version), "(c) " (containing text with copyright information). There are also chunks that are common among a number of formats, such as CMAP which holds color palette in ILBM, ANIM and DR2D files (pictures, animations and vector pictures). There are chunks that have common name but hold different data such as BODY which could store image in an ILBM file and sound in an 8SVX file. And finally, there are chunks unique to their file type. Some programs that create IFF files add to them chunks with their internal data; these same files can later be read by other programs without any disruption which is a great advantage of IFF and similar formats.
Some file types
- 8SVX
- AIFF
- ANIM
- DR2D
- FTXT
- ILBM
- SHRI
- SMUS
- WORD
External Link
- About Interchange File Format
- The original IFF format specification (lha archive)
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "IFF."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Interactive fiction, often abbreviated as IF, refers to a simulated environment in which players use text commands to control characters. Works in this form can be understood as literary and as computer games. Often the term interactive fiction is used to describe or refer to text adventure games, which are a particular type of adventure game. Sometimes the term IF is used to refer generically to all adventure games, at other times to the games produced by the interactive fiction community rather than game companies.IF author, developer, and critic Graham Nelson has characterized interactive fiction as "a narrative at war with a crossword puzzle".
Text adventure
Text adventures are one of the oldest types of computer game and form a subset of the adventure genre. The player uses text input to control the game and the game state is relayed to the player via text output.Input is usually provided by the player in the form of simple sentences such as "get key" or "go east" which may be handled by a simple parser. Parsers vary in sophistication; the first text adventure parsers could only handle two-word sentences in the form of verb-noun pairs. Later parsers could handle increasing levels of complexity from sentences such as "open the red box with the green key then go north".
The first adventure games to appear were text adventures (later called interactive fiction), which typically use a verb-noun parser to interact with the user. These were the first things to appear on mainframe computers after Spacewar, evolving from early titles like Hunt the Wumpus and Adventure (Will Crowther, c1975; expanded by Don Woods 1976) to the widely popular Zork series (1979-) which made its way onto the new Apple II as well as most of the other types of personal computers.
Hobbyists of this genre of games generally agree that the best text adventures were produced in the 1980s by Infocom. Activision, who purchased Infocom, has released some games based on Infocom stories such as Zork.
Some companies that were important in bringing out text adventures were Adventure International, Infocom, Level 9, and Melbourne House.
Notable games
- Zork series (1979-)
- The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (1984)
- Valhalla (1984)
History
The first text adventure game, Adventure (also called ADVENT, or Colossal Cave), was written in Fortran for the PDP-10, and has since been ported to many other operating systems. It was created by Will Crowther and augmented by Don Woods, with the canonical version being released in 1976.The popularity of Adventure lead to the wide success of interactive fiction during the late 1970s and the 1980s, when home computers had little, if any, graphics capability.
In the United States, the best-known company producing these games was Infocom, which created the Zork series and many other titles still fondly remembered by countless fans. Another company which published a series of interactive fiction was Adventure International founded by Scott Adams (not the creator of Dilbert).
In the UK the leading companies were Magnetic Scrolls and Level 9. Worth to mention is also Delta 4 and the homebrew company Zenobi.
Today, interactive fiction no longer appears to be commercially viable, but a constant stream of new text adventures is produced by the interactive fiction community using freely available text adventure writing systems, particularly Inform and TADS.
Most of these games can be downloaded for free from the Interactive Fiction Archive (see link at end).
Since 1995 there has been an annual Interactive Fiction Competition (IFComp) for relatively short games. There are also annual XYZZY Awards in various categories, modelled on the Academy Awards.
Two free online newsletters exist: XYZZYnews and SPAG.
Example of an Interactive fiction game
Many IF works are quite difficult, and include a large amount of descriptive text. A transcript of the very ending of one of these games might read:
> look You are in a big room with tall pillars, to your north resides the large doors into the Wikipedia.> go north The doors are locked. Wait, that makes no sense, Wikipedia is for everyone! Something must be done...
> inventory You are carrying a soda, an umbrella, The Key to All The Information in the Universe, and a little plastic bottle cap.
> unlock door Unlock door with what?
> key The door opens easily and noiselessly, and before you can walk through, there's a mad rush of people who enter the library and begin improving it.
***Your mission is complete!***
Would you like to restore a saved game, restart, or quit?
> quit
See also
- Choose Your Own Adventure
- gamebook
- hypertext
External links
- The Interactive Fiction Archive can be found at ftp://ftp.ifarchive.org/if-archive [FTP] and http://www.ifarchive.org [HTML]
- Baf's Guide to the Interactive Fiction Archive at http://baf.wurb.com/if/ is useful for finding games in the IF Archive.
- Lists of the most popular games can be found at the Interactive Fiction Ratings website: http://www.carouselchain.com/if/statistics.php
- SPAG is at http://www.sparkynet.com/spag/noframe.html
- XYZZYnews is at http://www.xyzzynews.com
- Annual Interactive Fiction Competition http://www.ifcomp.org/
- http://brasslantern.org/community/history/timeline-c.html gives a timeline of events in the history of interactive fiction.
- http://texttechnology.mcmaster.ca/jerzbib/index.html is a bibliography of over 100 scholarly and amateur articles about interactive fiction.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Interactive fiction."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In logical calculus of mathematics, logical conditional is a binary logical operator connecting two statements, if p then q where p is a hypothesis (or antecedent) and q is a conclusion (or consequent). The operator is denoted using an left-arrow "→".
The hypothesis is sometimes also called "necessary condition" while the conclusion may be called "sufficient condition".
It is defined using the following truth table:
p q | p → q +-------- T T | T T F | F F T | T F F | TIn the case that the hypothesis is true, the result is the same as conclusion. Otherwise, the whole statement is true regardless the value of conclusion.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Logical conditional."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The Super Heterodyne receiver was invented by Edwin Armstrong in 1918.The Super Heterodyne (sometimes shortened to superhet) principle as used in radio receivers allows certain obstacles to high performance radio design to be overcome. Tuned Radio Frequency (TRF) receivers suffered from poor frequency stability, and poor selectivity, as even filters with a high Q factor have a wide bandwidth at radio frequencies.
In radios using the principle, all signal frequencies are converted typically to a constant lower frequency before detection. This constant frequency is called the Intermediate Frequency, or IF. In a typical AM (Medium Wave) home receivers, that frequency is 455 kHz, for FM VHF receivers, it is usually 10.7 MHz.
Super Heterodyne receivers "beat" or heterodyne a frequency from a local oscillator (within the receiver) with the incoming signal. The user tunes the radio by adjusting the set's oscillator frequency and/or the tuning of the incoming signals. This heterodyning results in a higher and a lower frequency than that of the incoming frequency. Either the higher or the lower (typically) is chosen as the IF, which is amplified and then demodulated (reduced to just audio frequencies through a speaker).
Almost all receivers in use today utilize this method. The diagram below shows the basic elements of a single conversion superhet receiver. In practice not every design will have all these elements, nor does this convey the complexity of other designs, but the essential elements of a local oscillator and a mixer followed by a filter and IF amplifier are common to all superhet circuits.
The advantage to this method is that most of the radio's signal path has to be sensitive to only a narrow range of frequencies. Only the front end (the part before the frequency converter stage) needs to be sensitive to a wide frequency range. For example, the front end might need to be sensitive to 1-30 MHz, while the rest of the radio might need to be sensitive only to 455 kHz, a typical IF frequency.
Sometimes, to overcome obstacles such as image response, more than one IF is used. In such a case, the front end might be sensitive to 1-30 MHz, the first half of the radio to 5 MHz, and the last half to 50 kHz. Two frequency converters would be used, and the radio would be a "Double Conversion Super Heterodyne".
Super Heterodyne receivers have superior characteristics in both frequency stability and selectivity. It is much easier to stabilize an oscillator than a filter, especially with modern frequency synthesiser technology, and IF filters can give much narrower passbands at the same Q factor than an equivalent RF filter. A fixed IF also allows the use of a crystal filter in very critical designs such as radiotelephone receivers which have exceptionally high selectivity.
Radio transmitters also use Super Heterodyne technology. The design of a Super Heterodyne transmitter is similar to that of a Super Heterodyne receiver which each stage of the signal path reversed.
The next evolution of Super Heterodyne receiver design is the software defined radio architecture, where the IF processing after the initial IF filter is implemented in software.
See Also
- Automatic Gain Control
- Demodulator
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Superheterodyne receiver."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
iF | English | Intensification factor | N/A |
IF | French | Intermédiaire financier | N/A |
IF | German | Zwischenanflug-Fix | Transportation |
IF | Italian | Immunofluorescenza | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Circumstance | Conditionally, provided, if, in case; if so, if so be, if it be so; depending on circumstances, in certain circumstances, under certain conditions; if it so happen, if it so turn out; in the event of; in such a contingency, in such a case, in such an event; provisionally, unless, without. |
Qualification | Adverb: provided, provided that, provided always; if, unless, but, yet; according as; conditionally, admitting, supposing; on the supposition of; (theoretically); with the understanding, even, although, though, for all that, after all, at all events. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: IF |
| English words defined with "IF": An if, As if ♦ But and if ♦ if not ♦ make as if ♦ only if ♦ To make as if ♦ What if. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "IF": If you want X, you know where to find it. ♦ LOOKING AS IF ONE COULD NOT HELP IT. (references) |
| Etymologies containing "IF": When. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "IF" is also a word in the following language with English translations in parentheses. French (if, yew-tree). |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | How'd you feel if someone broke your dinosaur (On the Town; writing credit: Adolph Green and Betty Comden) Let's see if I can do better (Batman & Robin; writing credit: Akiva Goldsman) Jane, what if he worships you (American Beauty; writing credit: Alan Ball) Then what a pair we could make, but what if it's a lesson I don't care to learn (Interview with the Vampire: The Vampire Chronicles; writing credit: Anne Rice) Tell me, would you be likely to sue me if I was to beat you right now (The Sweet Hereafter; writing credit: Atom Egoyan) | |
Lyrics | Then I'll go get the ticket right now if that's cool (If I Could Go; performing artist: Angie Martinez) But if you asked me to (If You Asked Me To; performing artist: Celine Dion) If I’m not made for you then why does my heart tell me that I am (If You're Not The One; performing artist: DANIEL BEDINGFIELD) 'Cause if I fall you're going down with me (If I Fall You're Going Down With Me; performing artist: Dixie Chicks) If my (If My Heart Had Wings; performing artist: Faith Hill) | |
Clever | Be careless in your dress if you must, but keep a tidy soul. (references; author: Mark Twain) A bank is a place that will lend you money if you can prove you don't need it. (references; author: Bob Hope) Tragedy is if I cut my finger, comedy is if I walk into an open sewer and die. (references; author: Mel Brooks) If the people don't want to come out to the ball park, nobody's gonna stop 'em. (references; author: Yogi Berra) If it turns out that there is a God, I don't think that he's evil. But the worst that you can say about him is that basically he's an underachiever. (references; author: Woody Allen) | |
Tongue Twisters | How many cuckoos could a good cook cook if a cook could cook cuckoos. (references; author: unknown) How much wood would a woodchuck chuck, if a woodchuck could chuck wood? (references; author: unknown) If he slipped, should she slip? (references; author: unknown) If I assist a sister-assistant, will the sister's sister-assistant assist me? (references; author: unknown) If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers, how many pickled peppers did Peter Piper pick? (references; author: unknown) | |
Movie/TV Titles | If (2003) Shirley MacLaine: If They Could See Me Now (1974) What Will Horses Do? If Footmen Tire You (1971) If Tomorrow Comes (1971) File It If It Moves (1970) | |
Song Titles | If Pigs Could Fly (performing artist: Sandy Andina) If You Go Away (performing artist: Neil Diamond) If Tomorrow Never Comes (performing artist: Garth Brooks) If You Can Do Anything Else (performing artist: George Strait) If I Were Your Woman (performing artist: Gladys Knight & The Pips) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References | |||
Books |
| ||
Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
| ||
High Tech |
| ||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Shown are 2 mammograms of normal dense breasts. A dense breast makes a mammographic image difficult to read when and if cancerous lesions are present. These images are typical of breast of younger women. Credit: Unknown photographer/artist. |  | Shown is a PET scan (positron emission tomography) of a 17 year old girl with a longstanding history of epilepsy, who has a brain tumor classified as a grade 1 astrocytoma. The PET scan indicates that the tumor is not metabolizing excess glucose and is therefore benign. PET scans allow doctors to tell if a tumor is malignant without resorting to a surgical biopsy. Credit: Unknown photographer/artist. |
 | If some of the tufts on the median ventral brush are attached to the saddle, which encircles the tenth abdominal segment completely, the genus is identified as Psoraphora. Credit: CDC. |  | If there is a pair of tufts near the base of the siphon, and a ventral row of tufts, or a row of straight hairs following the pecten, the genus is identified as Culiseta. Credit: CDC. |
 | If springtime on Earth were anything like it will be on Uranus, we would be experiencing waves ... Credit: NASA. |  | If civilizations exist around other stars they are likely to be just emerging across our ... Credit: NASA. |
 | If you're up to your hips in alligators, it must be Florida An alligator farm in Florida. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |  | Wiredrag diagram The basic principle is to drag a wire attached to two vessels If the wire encounters an obstruction it will come taut and form a "V". Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |
 | Flooding of low-lying areas by extreme high tides. If sea level continues its rise, such events will become increasingly common. Credit: America's Coastlines. |  | Young naturalist inspecting a horseshoe crab shell. The carapace was empty. If this was a live animal, picking up by tail could cause injury to the crab. Credit: America's Coastlines. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "If Tulips Could Sing" by Lynn Cummings Commentary: "... it would sound like this. From the series: Tulip Talk." | "Opened book" by Bartlomiej Moczulski Commentary: "Just an opened book (it's Lewis Caroll complete works if anybody asks ;-). Background easy to be cut off (hopefully)." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Author | Quotation |
Air Force | If it works, it's obsolete. |
Henri Estienne | If youth but knew; if age but could. |
John Milton | Which if not victory is yet revenge. |
Kin Hubbard | You won't skid if you stay in a rut. |
Leon Battista Alberti | Men can do all things if they will. |
Seneca | If you judge, investigate. |
Walt Whitman | If you done it, it ain't bragging. |
William Shakespeare | Speak low, if you speak love. |
| Assume a virtue if you have it not. | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
Magna Carta | 1215 | Further, if we have led or sent him upon military service, he shall be relieved from guard in proportion to the time during which he has been on service because of us. (reference) |
John Locke | 1690 | If this made the father free, it shall make the son free too. (Second Treatise of Government) |
US Constitution | 1791 | But if there should remain two or more who have equal Votes, the Senate shall chuse from them by Ballot the Vice President. (reference) |
Amendment to US Constitution | 1795-1992 | And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a President whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as President, as in case of the death or other constitutional disability of the President. (reference) |
Marbury v. Madison | 1803 | If it is closed upon him, and cannot be inspected by him? (reference) |
Communist Manifesto | 1848 | But if selling and buying disappears, free selling and buying disappears also. (reference) |
The Emancipation Proclamation | 1862 | "That the executive will on the 1st day of January aforesaid, by proclamation, designate the States and parts of States, if any, in which the people thereof, respectively, shall then be in rebellion against the United States; and the fact that any State or the people thereof shall on that day be in good faith represented in the Congress of the United States by members chosen thereto at elections wherein a majority of the qualified voters of such States shall have participated shall, in the absence of strong countervailing testimony, be deemed conclusive evidence that such State and the people thereof are not then in rebellion against the United States." (Abraham Lincoln) |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | Such persons shall, if found guilty, be sentenced to punishments laid down by law. (reference) |
Winston S. Churchill | 1946 | We cannot afford, if we can help it, to work on narrow margins, offering temptations to a trial of strength. ("Iron Curtain" Speech) |
United Nations | 1948 | Everyone who works has the right to just and favourable remuneration ensuring for himself and his family an existence worthy of human dignity, and supplemented, if necessary, by other means of social protection. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Winnie the Pooh | A.A. Milne | Promise me, Pooh, that you won't forget me ever, because if I thought you would, I wouldn't leave |
Emma | Austen, Jane | He did really look and speak as if in a state of no common enjoyment |
Sylvie and Bruno Concluded | Carroll, Lewis | If A promises something to B, B has a claim upon A. |
A Christmas Carol | Dickens, Charles | But the ghost sat down on the opposite side of the fireplace, as if he were quite used to it. |
Dirk Gently's Holistic Detective Agency | Douglas Adams | Dirk, please, if you would |
Scarlet Letter | Hawthorne, Nathaniel | Yet, if death be in this cup, I bid thee think again, ere thou beholdest me quaff it. |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | It seemed as if this mass had become a monster, and had but a single mind |
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man | Joyce, James | A priest would not be a priest if he did not tell his flock what is right and what is wrong |
Time Enough for Love | Robert Heinlein | Don't let that stop you; if you don't bet you can't win. |
King Richard III | Shakespeare, William | What if it come to thee again |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Rabies kills if it is not prevented. (references) | |
If it doesn't, HD may be the problem. (references) | ||
Lyme disease is rarely, if ever, fatal. (references) | ||
Business | Please contact the Commercial Service Osaka if interested. (references) | |
If both plants are operated fully, they will produce approx. (references) | ||
If this happens the time to grant the title will be extended. (references) | ||
Children | Trinidad and Tobago | Abused children are usually placed with relatives if they are removed from the home. (references) |
Bahrain | Violators are dealt with harshly and may be imprisoned, or, if a noncitizen, deported. (references) | |
Bahamas | The Department may remove children from abusive situations if the court deems it necessary. (references) | |
Civil Liberties | Malaysia | He was warned of prosecution if he defied the ban again. (references) |
Nigeria | If no objections are received, the group can proceed with its meetings. (references) | |
Romania | Political parties gain legal status if they have at least 10,000 members. (references) | |
Economic History | Turkey | If Parliament reenacts the law, it is binding. (references) |
Belgium | Recourse to the courts is available if necessary. (references) | |
Brazil | They do not hesitate to kill if the victims resist. (references) | |
Human Rights | Lebanon | He faces a maximum sentence of death if convicted. (references) |
Bangladesh | If their sentences are upheld, they may be hanged. (references) | |
Chad | It is unclear if CAR security forces were involved. (references) | |
Indigenous People | Russia | A 1999 law on indigenous ethnic communities, provides for their support, permits the creation of self-governing bodies, and permits them to seek compensation if economic development threatens their lands. (references) |
Peru | Both AIDESEP and CONAP are critical of the 1995 land law, which permits Amazonian land to be bought and sold if no one is living on it or otherwise making use of it. Sendero Luminoso continued to be a leading violator of the rights of indigenous people. (references) | |
Minorities | Czech Republic | Both men face 10 years' imprisonment if convicted; the case was pending at year's end. (references) |
Political Economy | Tajikistan | Most Soviet-era factories operated at a minimal level, if at all. (references) |
GREECE | Non-registered immigrants are liable to summary deportation if arrested. (references) | |
CHILE | If all production is exported, the exporter pays no tariff on capital imports. (references) | |
Political Rights | Haiti | If no candidate receives a majority, a second round runoff is required. (references) |
Nepal | If the lower house is not in session, the upper house exercises this power. (references) | |
Liechtenstein | If approved by Parliament, the bill then would be presented to voters in a referendum. (references) | |
Trade | Mexico | Beside each HTS code is the applicable NOM, if any. (references) |
Switzerland | An exception is if preferential duty rates are requested. (references) | |
Denmark | Eximbank financing is available but rarely, if ever, used. (references) | |
Travel | Mexico | If accosted, DO NOT RESIST. (references) |
Peru | If you lease a car with a driver, a tip is common. (references) | |
Indonesia | Avoid buying bottled water from street vendors if possible. (references) | |
Women | Syria | If the brother fails to do so, she has the right to sue. (references) |
Kuwait | Instead the law grants residency only if the husband is employed. (references) | |
Georgia | Sexual harassment in the workplace rarely, if ever, is investigated. (references) | |
Worker Rights | India | These rules seldom are obeyed, if ever. (references) |
Poland | If they try to flee, their legs may be broken. (references) | |
Jordan | The fine is doubled if the offense is repeated. (references) | |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | INSURANCE, n. An ingenious modern game of chance in which the player is permitted to enjoy the comfortable conviction that he is beating the man who keeps the table. INSURANCE AGENT: My dear sir, that is a fine house -- pray let me insure it. HOUSE OWNER: With pleasure. Please make the annual premium so low that by the time when, according to the tables of your actuary, it will probably be destroyed by fire I will have paid you considerably less than the face of the policy. INSURANCE AGENT: O dear, no -- we could not afford to do that. We must fix the premium so that you will have paid more. HOUSE OWNER: How, then, can I afford that? INSURANCE AGENT: Why, your house may burn down at any time. There was Smith's house, for example, which -- HOUSE OWNER: Spare me -- there were Brown's house, on the contrary, and Jones's house, and Robinson's house, which -- INSURANCE AGENT: Spare me! HOUSE OWNER: Let us understand each other. You want me to pay you money on the supposition that something will occur previously to the time set by yourself for its occurrence. In other words, you expect me to bet that my house will not last so long as you say that it will probably last. INSURANCE AGENT: But if your house burns without insurance it will be a total loss. HOUSE OWNER: Beg your pardon -- by your own actuary's tables I shall probably have saved, when it burns, all the premiums I would otherwise have paid to you -- amounting to more than the face of the policy they would have bought. But suppose it to burn, uninsured, before the time upon which your figures are based. If I could not afford that, how could you if it were insured? INSURANCE AGENT: O, we should make ourselves whole from our luckier ventures with other clients. Virtually, they pay your loss. HOUSE OWNER: And virtually, then, don't I help to pay their losses? Are not their houses as likely as mine to burn before they have paid you as much as you must pay them? The case stands this way: you expect to take more money from your clients than you pay to them, do you not? INSURANCE AGENT: Certainly; if we did not -- HOUSE OWNER: I would not trust you with my money. Very well then. If it is certain, with reference to the whole body of your clients, that they lose money on you it is probable, with reference to any one of them, that he will. It is these individual probabilities that make the aggregate certainty. INSURANCE AGENT: I will not deny it -- but look at the figures in this pamph -- HOUSE OWNER: Heaven forbid! INSURANCE AGENT: You spoke of saving the premiums which you would otherwise pay to me. Will you not be more likely to squander them? We offer you an incentive to thrift. HOUSE OWNER: The willingness of A to take care of B's money is not peculiar to insurance, but as a charitable institution you command esteem. Deign to accept its expression from a Deserving Object. |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Cast of "The Mary Tyler Moore Show" | This friend wondered if you're not doing anything, you know, Saturday night, if you would like to have dinner. At her place. |
Dennis Miller | Hey, if I wanted to read a book, I'd buy one on tape. |
Julianne Moore | It's always the material, you know, and generally if it's great material there's a great director attached. |
Marlo Thomas | Look at that face, just like when you were in high school. If I didn't know better, I'd say you were a cheerleader in trouble. |
Paul McCartney | Half an hour, something like that. If you're really lucky, they just arrive and you kind of just write them down. |
Priscilla Presley | Right. So maybe now, more than ever, if there was to be anyone that understood my situation, it would be my daughter. |
Rush Limbaugh | Imagine if Canada's neighbors were Iraq or Nazi Germany or the USSR or imperial Japan or any powerful empire. |
Walter Cronkite | War is hell. And arresting people, particularly if you have made a mistake and they are innocent civilians, can be pretty tough. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
George Washington | 1789-1797 | There is a rank due to the United States among nations which will be withheld, if not absolutely lost, by the reputation of weakness. |
Thomas Jefferson | 1801-1809 | Nor, if our peace continues, will they be wanting for any other existing purpose. |
Abraham Lincoln | 1861-1865 | Perpetuity is implied, if not expressed, in the fundamental law of all national governments. |
Harry S. Truman | 1945-1953 | Meanwhile, however, plans should be prepared if we are to act promptly when the present extraordinary private demand begins to run out. |
John F. Kennedy | 1961-1963 | If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich. |
Richard Nixon | 1969-1974 | My fellow Americans, I am sure you can recognize from what I have said that we really only have two choices open to us if we want to end this war. |
Ronald Reagan | 1981-1989 | Ad we've wondered if we would ever get the chance to thank them. |
George Bush | 1989-1993 | You and I know that if the playing field is level, America's workers and farmers can outwork and outproduce anyone, anytime, anywhere. |
Bill Clinton | 1993-2001 | America cannot become stronger if they become weaker. |
George W. Bush | 2001-2005 | Well, if a child can pass the reading test, the child has learned to read, as far as I'm concerned. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "IF" is generally used as a conjunction (subordinating) -- approximately 99.99% of the time. "IF" is used about 236,856 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Conjunction (subordinating) | 99.99% | 236,838 | 47 |
| Total | 100.00% | 236,856 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| Country | Name |
| Denmark | Brondbyernes IF Fodbold A/S |
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
Expressions using "IF": acting as if ♦ An if ♦ and if ♦ and if not ♦ as if ♦ as if by chance ♦ as if by magic ♦ as if came out of a bandbox ♦ as if nothing was the matter ♦ as if to ♦ as if to do ♦ But and if ♦ But if ♦ damned if i know ♦ even if ♦ except if ♦ i am blest if i know what to do! ♦ i don't care if i do! ♦ i will be damned if ♦ i will eat my hat if ♦ if and when ♦ if any ♦ if any remain ♦ if applicable ♦ if at all ♦ if circumstances do not forbid it ♦ if don't i know it! ♦ if down with you! ♦ if everything goes right ♦ if everything goes well ♦ if he is so minded ♦ if he were anything of a gentleman ♦ if i an not mistaken ♦ if i can help ♦ if i had known ♦ if i remember aright ♦ if i remember right ♦ if i were in your place ♦ if i were you ♦ if it is not convenient ♦ if it were not for ♦ if it's not you ♦ if my memory serves right ♦ if necessary ♦ if need be ♦ if no complications set in ♦ if not ♦ if not heeded ♦ if not sooner ♦ if one doesn't count ♦ if one may be so bold ♦ if only ♦ if only because ♦ if only could! ♦ if only you could have seen him! ♦ if peradventure ♦ if possible ♦ if require ♦ if required ♦ if so ♦ If so be ♦ if something ♦ if the opportunity offers ♦ if the rain keeps off ♦ if there was not ♦ if you ask me ♦ if you can take it from me! ♦ if you dance you have to pay the piper ♦ if you don't mind ♦ if you have any money ♦ if you have lemons ♦ if you like ♦ if you like! ♦ if you please ♦ if you please! ♦ if you resolve upon going ♦ if you want a thing done do it your self ♦ if you will ♦ i'll be blest if i know what to do! ♦ i'll be damned if ♦ i'll eat my boots if ♦ i'll eat my hat if ♦ i'm hanged if ♦ i'm jiggered if i will do it! ♦ i'm jiggered if i'll do it ♦ is it ok if ... ? ♦ it is a big if ♦ it's a big if ♦ let me know if i can be of service ♦ let me know if i can help ♦ look as if butter would not melt in one's mouth ♦ make as if ♦ make as if to ♦ marvel if ♦ not even if you beg on your knees ♦ not if i know it ♦ not wonder if ♦ nothing if not courageous ♦ only if ♦ seem as if ♦ she's forty if she's a day. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "IF": if-added, IF-AND-ONLY-IF, if-clause, if-convincing, if-i, if-in, if-needed, if-needed/if-added, if-ness, if-onlys, if-then, if-they, if-we-sold-our-suburban-villa-we-could-buy-a-georgian-manor-house-in-the-country, if-you-don't-die-in-the-first-year-you'll-have-made-it, if-you-get-there-before-me-go-in-and-get-on-with-something. | |
Ending with "IF": as-if, what-if. | |
Containing "IF": catch-me-if-you-can, denice-work-if-you-can-get-it, do-anything-if-the-cash-is-right, i'll-be-reasonable-if-you'll-be-reasonable, market-if-touched, sail-it-on-its-ear-and-hard-luck-if-you're-seasick, well-if-you-don't-like-it-that's-all-right. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "IF"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaans | indien (provided, provided that), as (as, ash, cinder, how, like, provided, provided that, such, such as, than, what, when). (various references) | |
Albanian | vallë (perhaps, possibly), nëse (and if, provided, whether), në qoftë se, a (do, either, or, whether). (various references) | |
Arabic | في حالة (in case, insomuch as), لو كنت كبير السن, ولو أنه, على أي حال (anyway, at a loss, at all events, at any rate, in any case), اذا (as long as, therefore, whether), إذا (then, therefore, thus, whether), شرط إفتراض. (various references) | |
Breton | mar. (various references) | |
Bulgarian | условие (circumstance, condition, proviso, requirement, salvo, stipulation, string), когато и да, когато (as, than, that, until, when), макар и да (albeit, even if, even though, though), ако (and, supposing), предположение (assumption, conjecture, guess, hypothesis, postulate, presumption, presupposition, speculation, suggestion, supposition, surmise), дори и да (even if, tho'), дали (according as, whether), да (and, as to, ay, aye, exactly, let, shall, that, to, yea, yep, yes, yup). (various references) | |
Catalan | si. (various references) | |
Chinese | 如果 (in case, in the event that). (various references) | |
Czech | zdali (whether), -li, kdykoli (when, whenever), kdyby, když (as, that, when, while), kéž, jestliže, jestli (whether). (various references) | |
Danish | i tilfaelde af alvorlige vanskeligheder,der vedvarende vil kunne ramme en oekonomisk sektor! (if difficulties arise which are ser ious and liable to persist in any sector of the economy), i staal med hoejere legeringsindhold fremkaldes mikrostrukturen bedre,hvis der tilsaettes et par draaber saltsyre til pikrinsyren (in steels with higher alloy contents, the structure can be better developed if the picric acid contains some drops of hydrochloric acid), i tilfaelde af forsoemmelighed fra indstaevntes side (if the defendant fails to enter an appearance), i tilfaelde af,at der ikke kan opnaas enighed (if no agreement can be reached), if-added procedure (if-added procedure, if-needed/if-added slots), if-needed dæmon (if-needed demon, if-needed facet, if-needed procedure, to-establish procedure), if-needed procedure (if-needed demon, if-needed facet, if-needed procedure, to-establish procedure), ingen lugtadvarsel,hvis der er giftige koncentrationer til stede (no odour warning if toxic concentrations are present), isaer en bearbejdning i laengderetningen med lav hastighed-fraesning eller roemning-giver daarlige resultater,specielt hvis baandene ligger for langt fra hinanden (it is especially marked in longitudinal machining at low speeds, such as drifting or milling, where bad results are obtained particularly iF the bands are too widely separated), if-needed facet (if-needed demon, if-needed facet, if-needed procedure, to-establish procedure), hvis der er flere ansøgere (if there is more than one applicant), hvis forsoegene paa at loesne boreroeret mislykkes,skrues borestrengen af saa naer som muligt ved det sted,den sidder fast,saaledes at fiskearbejdet kan begynde;dette sker almindeligvis ved,at man ved hjaelp af spraengstof stoeder til boreroeret ved borer (if attempts to free the pipe fail, so that fishing operations can begin;this is generally accomplished by bump-shooting the pipe at the first tool joint above the free point, the string is unscrewed as near the stuck point as possible), hvis et medlem har begaaet en alvorlig forseelse (if a member has been guilty of serious misconduct), hvis en ny medlemsstat benytter sig af denne adgang (if a new Member State avails itself of this right), hvis det er tørt,kan det blive elektrostatisk opladet ved at hvirvles op,ved pneumatisk transport,strømninger etc. (etc., if dry, it can be charged electrostatically by swirling, pneumatic transport, pouring), hvis antallet af haarde indeslutninger som aluminium-,oxid-eller titannitrid-partikler er for stort,slides dyserne for hurtigt;i denne henseende er de uberoligede staal,hvor gasudviklingen er blevet afbrudt med aluminium interessante paa grund af renheden (hard inclusions of the aluminium oxide or titanium nitride type cause premature wear of the draw plates if they are too numerous. In this respect rimming steels blocked with aluminium are of interest because of the cleanliness of the skin), hvis der er lag med forskellig permeabilitet,som forbinder injektions-og frafoerselsboringer,vil injiceret vand lettere traenge ind i de mere permeable zoner med tidligere gennembrud (if there are strata of different permeabilities which are continuous between injection and ofgftake wells, injected water will more easily enter the more permeable sections with earlier breakthrough), hvis forspaendingen havde vaeret mindre,ville fortoejningssystemet have vaeret for slapt,hvad der ville have foert til for store bevaegelser vaek fra boringen,foer den kompenserende kraft blev frembragt af fortoejningssystemet (if the pretension been lower, the mooring system would have been too loose resulting in too large excursions off the well before sufficient restoring force was supplied by the mooring system), kan give allergi ved indånding (may cause sensitization if inhaled), hvis alle korn i et givet stykke metal havde samme orientering,ville de udgoere et hele,bestaaende af underkorn eller endog en enkelt énkrystal,og saa ville anisotropien af dette hele vaere maksimum (if all the grains in a given piece of metal had the same orientation they would form a whole consisting of sub-grains, or even one single crystal monocrystal and the anisotropy of this whole would be maximum), hvis der foruden miljoets fysiske karakteristik tillige tages hensyn til den funktionelle natur af den gruppe, der bebor det, betegnes habitatet som en oekologisk niche (if in addition to the physical characteristics of the environment account is also taken of the functional nature of the group inhabiting it, this overall context is referred to as the latter's ecological niche), hvis hudens tykkelse gaar ned til nogle mm,kan gasblaererne undertiden udmunde i overfladen.Efter genopvarmningen i dybovnen oxyderes de og viser saa linier paa overfladen af det valsede produkt (there is a risk that the blowholes will be exposed at the surface after reheating in the soaking pits. If this happens, they become oxidized and give rise to seams on the rolled products, when the thickness of the skin drops to a few millimetres), hvis indeslutningerne er meget talrige,som i puddelstaal,fremhaever indeslutningernes liniestruktur tydeligt fibrene i produktet (as in puddled iron, if these inclusions are particularly numerous, their alignments trace out very clearly the fibres in the product), hvis man har erfaring for eller maa forvente ringe holdekraft,kan det vaere noedvendigt at ankre med 2 eller flere ankre i serie (if poor holding power is experienced or expected), giftig ved indånding,ved hudkontakt og ved indtagelse (in contact with skin and if swallowed, toxic if inhaled), giftig ved indånding og ved indtagelse (toxic by inhalation and if swallowed, toxic if inahled and if swallowed), hvis q roentgenfotoner eller roentgenstraalingskvanter, hver med energien E elektronvolt, traeffer en kugle med tvaersnitsarealet l cm2, vil den totale energifluens vaere qE elektronvolt (are incident on a sphere of cross-sectional area l cm2, each of energy E electron volts, if q individual X-ray photons, or quanta, the total energy fluence will be qE electron volts N.B. : energy flux is deprecated; proper term energy fluence), hvis Traktaten udtrykkeligt fastsaetter det (if the Treaty expressly so provides), hvis utilsigtet elektronemission, saakaldt anodeemission, optraeder ved ensretterroerets anode, accelereres de fra anoden emtitterede elektroner af denne hoeje spaending og bombarderes katoden (appears at the anode of the rectifier tube, if parasitic electron emission, known as reverse emission (back emission), the electrons emitted by the anode are accelerated by this high voltage and bombard the cathode), hvis vaekstretningen af de frie blaerer i en smelte er rettet opad,kan det bemaerkes,at blaererne ikke udvikler sig med en egen vaekstretning,men at de antager stoerkningsfrontens bevaegelsesretning (it can be seen that if decantation of free bubbles in a liquid takes place in an upward direction, the blowholes do not develop according to a characteristic tropism but adopt the direction of advance of the solidification front), kaederne af de smaa MC-krystaller er kun synlige,hvis de ligger i snitfladen (these chains are only visible if they run in the plane of sectioning), ækvivalent funktion (equivalence operation, IF-AND-ONLY-IF operation), hvis man ikke skaerer blokken i et termisk symmetriplan,kan det ske,at man skaerer soejlekrystallerne paa skraa (if the ingot is not sectioned along a plane of thermal symmetry there is a risk that the columnar grains will be cut on the bias), Den Hoeje Myndighed anerkender i paakommende tilfaelde,at en saadan situation bestaat (if there are grounds for so doing, recognise the existence of such a situation, the High Authority shall), giftig ved indtagelse (toxic if swallowed), et udmattelsebrud har vanskeligt ved at forplante sig, naar brudfladerne presses sammen under en trykspaending (fatigue fracture cannot spread easily if the walls of the crack are pressed together by a compressive stress), er præsidenten fraværende eller forhindret (if the President is absent or indisposed), en situation,hvor en dom,der endnu ikke har opnået retskraft,endnu kan ændres (to remedy the inconvenience which would result if a judgment which has not yet become res judicata were reversed), En gennemsnitsvaerdi er saa meget des mere betydende,som de individuelle vaerdier,den sigter mod at karakterisere,ligger taet op ad den. (Any average value is more significant if the individual values it represents are close to it.), efterkommes henstillingerne ikke paa tilfredsstillende maade inden for en passende frist (if these recommendations are not implemented satisfactorily within a reasonable time), Domstolen kan erklaere vetoet for ugyldigt,hvis den mener,det er blevet misbrugt (the Court may declare the veto void if it considers that the right of veto has been abused), farlig ved indånding (harmful if inhaled), det centreringsgrej til foringsroer,der anvendes til at centrere skaerevaerktoej med kan vaere standardstabilisatorer,for saa vidt de kan passere gennem rotationsbordet (the casing centralizers used to centralize the cutting equipment may be standard stabilizers if they can pass through the rotary table), farlig ved indånding og ved indtagelse (harmful by inhalation and if swallowed, harmful if inhaled and if swallowed), den direkte replika viser,at begraensningerne af perlitomraaderne er skarpe,naar der er aendring af orienteringen af deres ferritgrundmasse i forhold til nabokorn af proeutektoid ferrit (in the surface replica it can be seen that the pearlite regions have sharp boundaries if the pearlitic ferrite matrix is in contact with differently oriented pro-eutectoid ferrite grains), bringes en overtraedelse ikke til ophoer (if the infringement is not brought to an end), boejeproevningen betragtes som tilfredsstillende, hvis en revne, udgaaende fra svejsematerialet opfanges i grundmaterialet (if an incipient crack starting from the weld is stopped by the base metal, the bending test is considered satisfactory), blandinger og sammensatte varer tariferes, som om de bestod af det materiale eller den bestanddel, der er karaktergivende (mixtures and composite goods shall be classified as if they consisted of the material or component which gives the goods their essential character), antikvælningsventil (anti-suffocation valDF a valve incorporated in an oxygen system whereby the user may inhale ambient air, should the oxygen supply fail or be disconnected. In some systems such a valve is essential to avoid suffocation if the wearer is unable to remove the mask from his face), anloebningstemperaturen maa ikke vaere for hoej,hvis et for stort fald i haardheden skal undgaas (if a decrease in hardness is to be avoided, the tempering temperature must not be too high), adskillelse af to konkave saavel som to konvekse vertikalkurver ved indlaegning af en kort ret linie i laengdeprofilet giver vejens forloeb et stift og haardt udseende (an unpleasant visual effect is produced if two sag curves or two crest/summit/ curves are separated by short straight gradients). (various references) | |
Dutch | indien (provided that), als (as, as if, as though, how, in a way, like, nearly, provided that, such a, such as, what a, when), wanneer (as, provided that, when), ingeval (provided that). (various references) | |
Esperanto | se (provided that), ĉu (either, is it, whether). (various references) | |
Faeroese | um so er at (provided that), um (about, beyond, by, concerning, during, for, on, past, provided that, straight past, upon, whereas, while, whilst), ha (<question particle>, either, whether). (various references) | |
Farsi | فرض (Assumption, Duty, Guess, Hypothesis, Liability, Posit, Presumption, Supposition, Thesis), هرگاه (Whenever), هروقت , چنانچه , کاش , حالت (Attitude, Case, Condition, Estate, Grain, Mood, Pose, Posture, Predicament, Self, Situation, Speed, Stance, State, Status, Temper, Temperament, Trim, Vein), تصور (Fancy, Idea, Image, Notion, Picture, Supposition, Vision), خواه>=<ه , ایا (Whether), ای کاش , اگر, بفرض . (various references) | |
Finnish | jos (in case, provided that, supposing that). (various references) | |
French | si. (various references) | |
French Canadian | s'il (if it). (various references) | |
Frisian | bywannear't (provided that), as (arbor, as, as if, as though, axis, axle, how, in a way, like, provided that, shaft, spindle, such as). (various references) | |
German | wenn (as, once, provided that, unless, what if, wheather, when, whensoever), falls (in case, provided that), ob (<question particle>, either, on account of, whether). (various references) | |
Greek | εάν (unless, whether), αν (whether). (various references) | |
Hawaiian | a (<question particle>, either, whether). (various references) | |
Hebrew | אם (ancestress, in case, matriarch, mother, on condition, providing, supposing, whether, womb). (various references) | |
Hungarian | ha (an, beshrew me if, by hook or by crook, by hook or crook, don't take it unkindly if, except, except for, gin, ha, how about you and me hitching up together?, I'll be blowed if, I'll be damned if, I'll be shot if, I'll eat my hat if, I'm a dutchman if, it does no good to, it is bad luck to, let me die if, low-voiced, provided that, what boots it to). (various references) | |
Indonesian | kalau (lest), jika, bila (when), apabila (when), andai. (various references) | |
Irish | má. (various references) | |
Italian | se (provided, provided that, whether, yourself). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 若し (in case, supposing). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | たとい (although, even if, example, though), たとえ (allegory, although, even if, example, metaphor, simile, though), ならば (in case), なら (in case), いなや (as soon as, no sooner than, objection, the moment, whether, yes or no), もしも, もし (in case, sham examination, supposing), よしんば (even if, even though), と (promoted pawn). (various references) | |
Korean | 만약에. (various references) | |
Lombard | se (provided that). (various references) | |
Manx | my (my), fo-my. (various references) | |
Norwegian | om (about, around, by, concerning, from, in, of, on, round, since, towards, upon), hvis. (various references) | |
Papiamen | si (provided that), en caso cu (provided that). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | ifay.(various references) | |
Polish | o ile (provided that), jeżeli (provided that), czyżby ( | |
Portuguese | se (each other, failing, himself, in case that, itself, oneself, provided that, should, so, supposing, themselves, whether, yourself). (various references) | |
Portuguese Brazilian | se (each other, himself, itself, no translation, one, oneself, themselves). (various references) | |
Romanian | supoziţie (conjecture, speculation, supposition), sã (for, let's, should, to), presupunere (assumption, conjecture, guess, idea, presumption, speculation, supposition, surmise), deşi (although, as, notwithstanding, though, when, while, whilst), de (about, across, against, as, ay, because, by, for, from, of, on, regarding, respecting, since, to, well, with), dacå (provided that), dacã (according as, after, provided that, when, whether), cu toate cã (albeit, as, though, when, while, whilst), cu condiţia ca (as long as, so long as), condiţie (circumstances, condition, plight, rank, requisite, situation, sort, state, station, status, stipulation, terms, way), cã (because, by way of, considering, that, too). (various references) | |
Russian | если (and if, except as otherwise, given that, I shouldn't wonder if, in case, in case of there, in the event that, in the event the, lest, provided that, supposing, unless). (various references) | |
Scottish | ma (provided that, very well, well then). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | ukoliko (in so far as, inasmuch, inasmuch as, so far as), da (lest, like, so, that, yea, yeah, yep, yes), ako (case: in case, provided, providing). (various references) | |
Spanish | si (as, b, hello, how, like, once, provided that, si, such as, supposing, whether, yea, yeah, yep, yes). (various references) | |
Sranan | efu (as, provided that, when), efi (provided that). (various references) | |
Swahili | kama (as, how, like, provided that, such as, that), ikiwa (provided that). (various references) | |
Swedish | om (about, again, back, concerning, for, in, in case, of, on, over, past, provided that, round, supposing, to, upon, wheter, whether). (various references) | |
Tagalog | kung (provided that). (various references) | |
Thai | ถ้า. (various references) | |
Turkish | eğer (provided that, providing, providing that, whether). (various references) | |
Turkmen | kaюgд. (various references) | |
Ukrainian | умова (bet, condition, proviso, requisition, stipulation, warranty), якщо (in case, now, providing, subject to), якби (only), чи (or, whether), коли (as, in case, now, when, while, whilst), навіть якщо (even if). (various references) | |
Vietnamese | sự" giá mà ", sự giả dụ, sự "nếu. (various references) | |
Welsh | pe (provided that), os (provided that). (various references) | |
Wolof | sula (If you), soo (If you). (various references) | |
Xhosa | ukuba (That). (various references) | |
Yucatec | wa (or, provided that). (various references) | |
Zulu | uma (as, lady, madam, Mrs., provided that, when), na ( | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Sumerian | 3100 BCE-2500 BCE | tukum, tukumbi. (various references) |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | si. (various references) |
| Avestan | 200-600 | ýezi. (various references) |
| Old English | 450-1100 | gif. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Language | Date | Source | Matthew Chapter 17, Verse 4 |
| Greek (transliterated) | 250 BC | Septuagint | ApokriqeiV de o petroV eipen tw ihsou kurie kalon estin hmaV wde einai ei qeleiV poihswmen wde treiV skhnaV soi mian kai mwsh mian kai mian hlia |
| Latin | 405 | Vulgate | Respondens autem Petrus dixit ad Iesum Domine bonum est nos hic esse si vis faciamus hic tria tabernacula tibi unum et Mosi unum et Heliae unum |
| Old English | 990 | West Saxon | þa cwæð petrus to hym. drihten godis us her to beonne. gif þu wilt utan wercanher þreo earding-stowen. þe ane. moysesane. & helie ane. |
| Middle English | 1395 | Wyclif | And Petre answeride, and seide to Jhesu, Lord, it is good vs to be here. If thou wolt, make we here thre tabernaclis; to thee oon, to Moises oon, and oon to Elye. Yit the while he spak, lo! |
| Renaissance English | 1526 | Tyndale | Then answered Peter and sayde to Iesus: master here is good beinge for vs. If thou wylt leet vs make here .iii. tabernacles one for the and one for Moses and one for Helyas. |
| Jacobean English | 1611 | King James | Then answered Peter, and said unto Jesus, Lord, it is good for us to be here: if thou wilt, let us make here three tabernacles; one for thee, and one for Moses, and one for Elias. |
| Victorian English | 1833 | Webster | Then answered Peter, and said to Jesus, Lord, it is good for us to be here: if thou wilt, let us make here three tabernacles; one for thee, and one for Moses, and one for Elijah. |
| Basic English | 1964 | Ogden | And Peter made answer and said to Jesus, Lord, it is good for us to be here: if you will let me, I will make here three tents, one for you, and one for Moses, and one for Elijah. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Matthew Chapter 17, Verse 4 |
| Cebuano | Ug si Pedro miingon kang Jesus, "Ginoo, maayo gayud nga ania kami dinhi; kon gusto ka, magbuhat ako dinhig tulo ka payag, usa alang kanimo, usa alang kang Moises, ug usa alang kang Elias." |
| Chinese | 彼 得 對 耶 穌 說 、 主 阿 、 我 們 在 這 裡 真 好 ． 你 若 願 意 、 我 就 在 這 裡 搭 三 座 棚 、 一 座 為 你 、 一 座 為 摩 西 、 一 座 為 以 利 亞 。 |
| Croatian | A Petar prihvati i reèe Isusu: "Gospodine, dobro nam je ovdje biti. Ako hoæeš, naèinit æu ovdje tri sjenice, tebi jednu, Mojsiju jednu i Iliji jednu." |
| Danish | Da tog Peter til Orde og sagde til Jesus: "Herre! det er godt, at vi ere her; vil du, da lader os gøre tre Hytter her, dig en og Moses en og Elias en." |
| Dutch | En Petrus, antwoordende, zeide tot Jezus: Heere! het is goed, dat wij hier zijn; zo Gij wilt, laat ons hier drie tabernakelen maken, voor U een, en voor Mozes een, en een voor Elias. |
| Finnish | Niin Pietari rupesi puhumaan ja sanoi Jeesukselle: "Herra, meidän on tässä hyvä olla; jos tahdot, niin minä teen tähän kolme majaa, sinulle yhden ja Moosekselle yhden ja Eliaalle yhden". |
| French | Pierre, prenant la parole, dit à Jésus: Seigneur, il est bon que nous soyons ici; si tu le veux, je dresserai ici trois tentes, une pour toi, une pour Moïse, et une pour Élie. |
| German | Petrus aber antwortete und sprach zu Jesu: HERR, hier ist gut sein! Willst du, so wollen wir hier drei Hütten machen: dir eine, Mose eine und Elia eine. |
| Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari | Lalu Petrus berkata kepada Yesus, "Tuhan, enak sekali kita di sini. Kalau Tuhan suka, saya akan mendirikan tiga kemah di sini: satu untuk Tuhan, satu untuk Musa, dan satu lagi untuk Elia." |
| Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama | Maka kata Petrus kepada Yesus, "Ya Tuhan, baiklah kita diam di sini; jikalau Tuhan kehendaki, biarlah hamba membuat pondok tiga buah di sini, yaitu sebuah bagi Tuhan, dan sebuah bagi Musa, dan sebuah bagi Elias." |
| Latvian | Bet Pçteris atbildçdams sacîja Jçzum: Kungs, labi mums ðeit bût! Ja vçlies, mçs taisîsim ðeit trîs teltis: vienu Tev, vienu Mozum un vienu Elijam. |
| Manx Gaelic | Eisht dreggyr Peddyr as dooyrt eh rish Yeesey, Hiarn, s'maynrey dooin dy hannaghtyn ayns shoh: my she dty aigney's eh, lhig dooin ayns shoh troggal three cabbaneyn: cabbane er dty hon's, as cabbane son Moses, as cabbane son Elias. |
| Maori | Katahi ka oho a Pita, ka mea ki a Ihu, E te Ariki, he pai kia noho tatou i konei: ki te pai koe, ma matou e hanga etahi wharau ki konei kia toru; kia kotahi mou, kia kotahi mo Mohi, kia kotahi mo Iraia. |
| Norwegian | Da tok Peter til orde og sa til Jesus: Herre! det er godt at vi er her; vil du, så skal jeg gjøre tre boliger her, en til dig og en til Moses og en til Elias. |
| Portuguese | Pedro, tomando a palavra, disse a Jesus: Senhor, bom é estarmos aqui; se queres, farei aqui três cabanas, uma para ti, outra para Moisés, e outra para Elias. |
| Rumanian | Petru a luat cuvkntul, wi a zis lui Isus: ,,Doamne, este bine sq fim aici; dacq vrei, am sq fac aici trei colibi: una pentru Tine, una pentru Moise wi una pentru Ilie.`` |
| Shuar | Nuyá Pítiur Jesusan Tímiayi "Uunta, ti shiir pujaji jui. Wakerakminkia menaint aakmaktai, Aminiu chikichik tura Chíkich Muisaisnasha, tura chikichcha Eríasna." |
| Spanish | Entonces intervino Pedro y dijo a Jesús: --Señor, bueno es que nosotros estemos aquí. Si quieres, yo levantaré aquí tres enramadas: una para ti, otra para Moisés y otra para Elías. |
| Swahili | Hapo Petro akamwambia Yesu, "Bwana, ni vizuri sana kwamba tupo hapa! Ukipenda nitajenga vibanda vitatu: kimoja chako, kimoja cha Mose na kimoja cha Eliya." |
| Swedish | Då tog Petrus till orda och sade till Jesus: "Herre, här är oss gott att vara*; vill du, så skall jag här göra tre hyddor, åt dig en och åt Moses en och åt Elias en." |
| Uma | Ngkai ree Petrus mpo'uli' -ki Yesus: "Pue', lompe' lia-ta mo'oha' hi rehe'i. Ane nupokono Pue', kubabehi tolu bamaru' hi rehe'i: hameha' bagia-nu Pue', hameha' bagia-na Musa pai' hameha' wo'o bagia-na Elia." |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "IF": iff, iffier, iffiest, iffiness, iffinesses, iffy, ifs. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "IF": alif, aperitif, calif, coif, cuif, fixatif, gonif, kaif, kalif, khalif, kif, leitmotif, massif, motif, naif, neif, reif, rif, sanserif, seif, serif, sharif, sherif, sportif, waif. (additional references) | |
Words containing "IF": abortifacient, abortifacients, acetification, acetifications, acetified, acetifies, acetify, acetifying, acidification, acidifications, acidified, acidifier, acidifiers, acidifies, acidify, acidifying, aciform, acriflavine, acriflavines, adrift, aerified, aerifies, aeriform, aerify, aerifying, afterlife, airlift, airlifted, airlifting, airlifts, alewife, aliform, alifs, alkalified, alkalifies, alkalify, alkalifying, amentiferous, ammonification, ammonifications, ammonified, ammonifies, ammonify, ammonifying, amplification, amplifications, amplified, amplifier, amplifiers, amplifies, amplify. (additional references) | |
| |
"IF" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: af, afc, aff, afg, afp, afv, cif, df, ef, Efh, Efk, efo, efp, efx, eif, Eiff, enf, evf, fi, gf, ia, iafc, ibf, icf, ie, ifa, ifd, ife, iff, Iffa, iffs, ifh, ifi, ifn, ifo, ifsa, Ifsc, ift, Ifx, ify, ig, Igf, Igfbp, igfy, ih, Ihf, Iifx, ij, Ilf, Ilfc, imfy, inf, infl, iof, iq, ir, irf, iu, ivf, ivfs, iw, iy, iz, kf, kif, liff, nf, Piff, Qift, sf, tf, uf, Ufb, ufu, Ufw, uift, Ukf, vif, wiff, Ycfc, yf, Yfs, yof, yx. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "IF" (pronounced i"f or uf) |
| 2 | i" f | Biff, cliff, Griff, riff, skiff, sniff, stiff, tiff, whiff. |
| 2 | u f | Aleph, bailiff, caliph, dandruff, handkerchief, Joseph, kerchief, mastiff, mischief, plaintiff, pontiff, sheriff, tariff, Woodruff. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words containing the letters "f-i" | |
+1 letter: fib, fid, fie, fig, fil, fin, fir, fit, fix, fiz, iff, ifs, kif, rif. | |
+2 letters: alif, biff, coif, cuif, defi, fail, fain, fair, fiar, fiat, fibs, fice, fico, fido, fids, fief, fife, figs, fila, file, fill, film, filo, fils, find, fine, fink, fino, fins, fire, firm, firn, firs, fisc, fish, fist, fits, five, fixt, fizz, flic, flip, flit, foci, foil, foin, frig, frit, friz, fuci, fuji, gift, iffy, info, jiff, kaif, kief, kifs, lief, life, lift, miff, naif, neif, pfui, reif, rife, riff, rifs, rift, seif, sift, tiff, waif, wife. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Crosswords 3. Usage: Modern 4. Usage: Commercial | 5. Images: Slideshow 6. Images: Photo Album 7. Images: Digital Art 8. Quotations: Familiar | 9. Quotations: Historic 10. Quotations: Fiction 11. Quotations: Non-fiction 12. Quotations: Spoken | 13. Quotations: Speeches 14. Usage Frequency 15. Names: Company Usage 16. Expressions | 17. Expressions: Internet 18. Translations: Modern 19. Translations: Ancient 20. Bible Trace | 21. Abbreviations 22. Acronyms 23. Derivations 24. Rhymes | 25. Anagrams 26. Bibliography |
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