Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

Hormone

Definition: Hormone

Hormone

Noun

1. An endocrine secretion that is transmitted by the blood to the tissue on which it has a specific effect.

Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
 

Date "hormone" was first used: 1905. (references)


Specialty Definitions: Hormone

DomainDefinitions

Health

A substance in the body that regulates certain organs. Hormones such as gastrin help in breaking down food. Some hormones come from cells in the stomach and small intestine. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Top     

Specialty Definition: Hormone

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Hormones (from Greek horman "to set in motion") are a kind of biochemical messengers. Most hormones are chemical substances produced by specialized tissue formations called endocrine glands. The substances are secreted directly into the bloodstream, other body fluids, or into adjacent tissues. The purpose of hormones is to regulate metabolic activity of some other organs or tissues of the body.

The rate of production of a given hormone is most commonly regulated by a mechanism called a negative feedback loop.

The notion "endocrine" is contrasted with "exocrine", which means a specialized gland with a distinct secretory duct. Examples of exocrine glands are salivary or sweat glands; examples of endocrine glands are thyroid and adrenal glands. With our growing understanding of intricacies of homeostasis regulation the term "endocrine" is becoming rather of historical value. Every cell is capable of producing a vast number of regulatory molecules - tissue hormones, neurotransmitters, cytokines and many more. The classical endocrine glands and their hormone products are only better specialized to serve regulation on the overall organism level. Nevertheless they can in many instances be used in other ways or only on the tissue level.

The most important hormones in humans include:

One special group of hormones are trophic hormones that act as stimulants of hormone production of other endocrine glands. For example thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) causes growth and increased activity of another endocrine gland--the thyroid--hence increasing output of thyroid hormones.

Hunger Hormones

Ghrelin is a hormone that regulates hunger made by the stomach. If there is too much in the body, it wastes away eating (doesn't get signal). Low levels are most common in obese individuals. PYY-336 is a satiey signal from the large and small intestine. This is a sign of fullness and the body no longer wants to eat.

See also:

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Hormone."

Top     

Abbreviations & Acronyms: Hormone

The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted.
EntrySourceExpressionField
APL HormoneEnglishAnterior Pituitary Like HormoneN/A

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

Top     

Synonym: Hormone

Synonym: internal secretion (n). (additional references)

Top     

Crosswords: Hormone

English words defined with "hormone": adrenocorticotrophic hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, androgenic hormone, antidiuretic hormonefollicle-stimulating hormonegonadotrophic hormone, gonadotropic hormone, growth hormonehuman growth hormone, hypothalamic releasing hormoneinterstitial cell-stimulating hormonelactogenic hormone, luteinizing hormonemelanocyte-stimulating hormoneparathyroid hormonereleasing hormonesex hormone, somatotrophic hormone, somatotropic hormone, steroid hormonethyroid-stimulating hormone, thyrotrophic hormone, thyrotropic hormone, thyrotropin-releasing hormone. (references)
Specialty definitions using "hormone": hormone receptor testMSH Release-Inhibiting Hormone, MSH-Releasing HormoneNatriuretic HormoneProlactin Release-Inhibiting Hormone, Prolactin-Releasing HormoneReceptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, Receptors, Parathyroid Hormone, Receptors, Pituitary Hormone-Regulating Hormone, Receptors, Thyroid Hormone, Receptors, Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormonethyreostimulating hormone. (references)
Non-English Usage: "Hormone" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses.

French (hormone), German (hormones).

Top     

Modern Usage: Hormone

DomainUsage

Movie/TV Titles

Johnny Hormone (1997)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Top     

Commercial Usage: Hormone

DomainTitle

References

  • Teikoku Hormone Mfg. Co., Ltd.: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (reference)

  • The World Market for Natural or Synthetic Hormones, Hormone Derivatives, and Other Steriods Used as Hormones Excluding Medicaments: A 2004 Global Trade Perspective (reference)

    (more reference examples)

  

Books

  • Dr. Susan Love's Hormone Book : Making Informed Choices About Menopause (reference)

  • Natural Hormone Balance for Women: Look Younger, Feel Stronger, and Live Life With Exuberance (reference)

  • Natural Hormone Replacement for Women over 45: For Women over 45 (reference)

    (more book examples)

  

Periodicals

  

Music

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Top     

Photo Album: Hormone

ThumbnailDescription & CreditThumbnailDescription & Credit

Pictured is a scanning electron micrograph of cultured HeLa cells originally derived many years ago from a woman's cancerous cervical tissue. A light micrograph (x130) of the same cells (inset) reveals rounded double cells in the center in the process of dividing. This HeLa cell (named after patient Henrietta Lacks) has been infected with adenovirus. After 4-1/2 hours the HeLa cell's surface becomes rough. The multiple surface blebs on this cell characteristic for a certain stage of cell division that both normal and cancer cells go through. Research with the SEM has established the extraordinarily responsive nature of cell surface form. This instrument records, in pictures, specific cell reactions to various changes in the cells environment and maps the distribution of surface binding sites for biologically important molecules such as hormone, antigens, and pharmacologic agents. Credit: Unknown photographer/artist.

The hormone cortisol was measured in both family history-positive (FHP)and family history-negative (FHN) subjects before consuming alcohol. Credit: NIAA.

Two medical technologists ... use a gamma counter to measure hormone concentrations in the blood ... / National Institutes of Health photo. Credit: National Library of Medicine.

Mechanism of Peptide Hormone Signalling : An Immunoglobulin Gene Model. Credit: National Library of Medicine.

Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.

Top     

Non-Fiction Usage: Hormone

SubjectTopicQuote

Health

Insulin A hormone manufactured by the pancreas. (references)

Hormone therapy can cause a number of side effects. (references)

Hormone treatment is most effective when the implants are small. (references)

Business

Another recent announcement was Wyeth-Ayerst Pharmaceuticals' (U.S.) US$300 million investment for a manufacturing complex producing hormone replacement therapy drugs and infant nutrition products. (references)

The hospital's current success is at least partially attributable to its ability to identify with women's health concerns and supply them with excellent services including comprehensive OB/GYN care, testing for the early detection of breast cancer, reproductive health screening and therapy, psychological support and counseling, ultrasound, osteoporosis screening and prevention programs, dietician services, hormone replacement therapy, bone density tests, fitness evaluation, and day surgery. (references)

Economic History

Norway

The border to Norway is already difficult for U.S. exporters because they face high tariffs, as well as bans on hormone meat and GMO products. (references)

Political Economy

Ireland

When the EU failed to implement the WTO's ruling in favor of the U.S. in the hormone case, the U.S. government increased tariffs on some EU goods. (references)

SPAIN

Despite two WTO rulings (original case and appeal) requiring the EU to remove the ban, the EU ban on imports of hormone treated beef remains in effect. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

Top     

Spoken Usage: Hormone

SpeakerPhrase(s)

Andrew Weil

Well, you know, if you've got hormone receptor positive breast cancer, I would say to err on the side of caution, I would not eat soy. I think that we don't know enough, but I would be cautious there.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Top     

Usage Frequency: Hormone

"Hormone" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 97.35% of the time. "Hormone" is used about 340 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)
Parts of SpeechPercentUsage per
100 Million Words
Rank in English
Noun (singular)97.35%33115,783
Noun (proper)1.47%5157,705
Lexical Verb (infinitive)0.88%3202,518
Lexical Verb (base form)0.29%1339,140
                    Total100.00%340N/A

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

Top     

Usage in Company Names: Hormone

CountryName
Japan

Teikoku Hormone Mfg. Co., Ltd.

 (more examples...)

Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.

Top     

Expressions: Hormone

Expressions using "hormone": adrenocorticotrophic hormone adrenocorticotropic hormone androgenic hormone antidiuretic hormone Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone gonadotrophic hormone gonadotropic hormone growth hormone Hormone Antagonists hormone receptor test hormone replacement therapy hormone secretion hormone therapy hormone treatment human growth hormone hypothalamic releasing hormone juvenile hormone lactogenic hormone luteinizing hormone luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist melanin concentrating hormone MSH Release-Inhibiting Hormone MSH-Releasing Hormone Natriuretic Hormone natural growth hormone parathyroid hormone Pituitary Hormone Release Inhibiting Hormones plant hormone Prolactin Release-Inhibiting Hormone Prolactin-Releasing Hormone releasing hormone sex hormone somatotrophic hormone somatotropic hormone Somatotropin-Releasing Hormone steroid hormone thyreostimulating hormone Thyroid Hormone Thyroid Hormone Resistance Syndrome thyrotrophic hormone thyrotropic hormone. Additional references.

Hyphenated Usage

Beginning with "hormone": hormone-aided, hormone-dependent, hormone-free, hormone-frenzy, hormone-like, hormone-receptor, Hormone-Regulating, hormone-related, hormone-releasing, Hormone-Releasing, hormone-replacement therapy, hormone-sensitive.

Ending with "hormone": releasing-hormone, steroid-hormone.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Top     

Frequency of Internet Keywords: Hormone

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.
 
ExpressionFrequency
per Day
ExpressionFrequency
per Day

human growth hormone

2,077

thyroid stimulating hormone

62

hormone

1,052

thyroid hormone

56

growth hormone

904

luteinizing hormone

54

hormone replacement therapy

884

hcg hormone

51

hormone replacement

418

human growth hormone mexico

48

hormone imbalance

238

rooting hormone

47

hormone therapy

202

plant hormone

45

female hormone

158

human growth hormone therapy

45

human growth hormone hgh

113

parathyroid hormone

42

pro hormone

113

pregnancy hormone level

42

natural hormone replacement

100

hgh hormone

40

natural hormone

87

hormone level

38

follicle stimulating hormone

85

human growth hormone research

38

hgh growth hormone

80

child growth height hormone human short

35

natural hormone replacement therapy

78

hormone treatment

35

human growth hormone releaser

74

natural human growth hormone

34

hormone and pregnancy

72

alternative for hormone replacement therapy

33

male hormone

72

hormone and replacement and therapy and menopause

32

growth hormone therapy

68

transgender hormone

32

growth hormone deficiency

64

child growth hormone

31
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Top     

Modern Translations: Hormone

Language Translations for "hormone"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.

Albanian

  

hormon. (various references)

   

Arabic 

  

‏مادة صنيعة تعمل عمل الهرمون, ‏هورمون مادة تفرزها الغدد. (various references)

   

Bulgarian 

  

хормон. (various references)

   

Chinese 

  

. (various references)

   

Czech

  

hormon. (various references)

   

Danish

  

hormon. (various references)

   

Dutch

  

hormoon. (various references)

   

Farsi 

  

هورمن(زیست شناسی -ش.). (various references)

   

Finnish

  

hormoni (hormones). (various references)

   

French

  

hormone (hormones). (various references)

   

German

  

hormon. (various references)

   

Greek 

  

ορμόνη. (various references)

   

Hebrew 

  

"ורמון. (various references)

   

Hungarian

  

hormon (serotonin). (various references)

   

Indonesian

  

hormon. (various references)

   

Italian

  

ormone. (various references)

   

Japanese Kanji 

  

ホルスタイン種 (formaline, formant, holder, holmium, Holstein, Holstein-Friesian). (various references)

   

Japanese Katakana 

  

ホルモン . (various references)

   

Korean 

  

호르몬 (hormonal). (various references)

   

Manx

  

broddag (probe, punch, sting, stylet). (various references)

   

Pig Latin

  

ormonehay

   

Portuguese

  

horizontalmente (aflat). (various references)

   

Russian 

  

гормон. (various references)

   

Serbo-Croatian

  

hormon. (various references)

   

Spanish

  

hormona. (various references)

   

Swedish

  

hormon. (various references)

   

Thai

  

ฮอร์โมน. (various references)

   

Turkish

  

hormon. (various references)

   

Ukranian 

  

гормон. (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

Top     

Ancestral Language Translations: Hormone

LanguagePeriodTranslations
Greek700 BCE-300 CE

hormon. (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

Top     

Derivations & Misspellings: Hormone

Derivations

Words beginning with "hormone": hormonelike, hormones. (additional references)

Words ending with "hormone": neurohormone, parathormone, phytohormone. (additional references)

Words containing "hormone": neurohormones, parathormones, phytohormones. (additional references)


Misspellings

"Hormone" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: hamone, harmone, Hermanek, himone, hironen, homine, horemone, Horman, horminum, hormo, hormon, hrvoje, Phormion, tormogen. (additional references)

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

Top     

Rhyming with "Hormone"

# of Phoneme MatchesPronunciationWord(s) rhyming with "hormone" (pronounced hô"rmō'n)
3-m ō' nanemone, pheromone.

Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

Top     

Anagrams: Hormone

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

Direct Anagrams: moorhen.

Words within the letters "e-h-m-n-o-o-r"

-2 letters: enorm, heron, homer, honer, honor, moron, romeo.

-3 letters: herm, hern, hero, hoer, home, homo, hone, horn, meno, mono, moon, moor, more, morn, nome, norm, omen, omer, room.

-4 letters: eon, ern, hem, hen, her, hoe, hon, men, mho, mon, moo, mor, noh, nom, noo, nor, ohm, oho, one, ooh, ore, rem, rho, roe, rom.

 Words containing the letters "e-h-m-n-o-o-r"
 

+1 letter: hormones, moorhens, neomorph.

 

+2 letters: chromogen, endomorph, homegrown, homeowner, monorhyme, morphogen, neomorphs, pheromone.

 

+3 letters: chromogens, chromonema, endomorphs, endomorphy, gramophone, heteronomy, homeowners, homopteran, horsewoman, horsewomen, microphone, monochrome, monorhymed, monorhymes, moonshiner, morphogens, neurohumor, pheromonal, pheromones.

 

+4 letters: anchorwomen, apomorphine, chromogenic, chronometer, chronometry, endomorphic, gramophones, hemoprotein, homeporting, homogenizer, homonuclear, homopterans, honeymooner, hormonelike, melanophore, mesonephroi, mesonephros, microphones, monochromes, monographed, moonlighter, moonshiners, morphogenic, nephrostome, neurohumors, outhomering, resmoothing, theobromine, thromboxane, whoremonger.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

Top     

Alternative Orthography: Hormone


Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)

48 6F 72 6D 6F 6E 65

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)

American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)

=

Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)

Braille (1829, in France) (references)

Morse Code (1836) (references)

....    ---    .-.    --    ---    -.    .

Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)

Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)

01001000 01101111 01110010 01101101 01101111 01101110 01100101

HTML Code (1990) (references)

&#72 &#111 &#114 &#109 &#111 &#110 &#101

ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)

0048 006F 0072 006D 006F 006E 0065

British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)

Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)

42818479818071

Top     

 

INDEX

1. Definition
2. Synonyms
3. Crosswords
4. Usage: Modern
5. Usage: Commercial
6. Images: Photo Album
7. Quotations: Non-fiction
8. Quotations: Spoken
9. Usage Frequency
10. Names: Company Usage
11. Expressions
12. Expressions: Internet
13. Translations: Modern
14. Translations: Ancient
15. Abbreviations
16. Acronyms
17. Derivations
18. Rhymes
19. Anagrams
20. Orthography
21. Bibliography


  

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

 

 

 

 

Note to the press & webmasters - this dictionary can be linked, indexed, or referred to using the following non-English expressions:
woordeboek, fjalor, ‏معجم, ‏قاموس, diccionariu, речник, diccionari, diksyonario, diksinario, 字典, gérlyver, slovník, ordbog, woordenboek, shimiyuc p'anca, orðabók, orðbók, dictionnaire, wurdboek, wörterbuch, λεξικό, אוצר מילים, szótár, uqausiit tukingit, dizionario, 字引 , じい, じびき, じて", ディクショナリー , じり", じしょ, '"かい, ディクショナリ , 사 , dizionari, recnik, fockleyr, dikshonario, słownik, dicionário, dicţionar, dicziunari, словарь, lolomi fefiloi, foclair, abardair, faclair, briathrachan, pukuntau, leksikon, rečnik, vocabbulariu, diccionario, sí-chazamagâma, ordbok, lexikon, พจนานุกรม, sözlük, ansiklopedik sözlük, словник, довідник, có tính chất sách vở, geirlyfr, geiriadur, for dictionary;
definisie, qartësi, përcaktim, saktësi, ‏الوضوحية في الشيء, ‏حد, ‏تحديد, ‏تعريف, ‏التحديد, ‏الإيضاحية, яснота, сила, очертания, дефиниция, 定義 , 定义, definice, deskriptordefinition, definitie, määritelmä, définition, ορισμός, "'"ר", "'בל", meghatározás, definíció, definizione, 確定 , ディーゼル電気車 , デ'ドロ酢酸 , デフィニション , ディフィニション , ていぎ, かくてい, 의, geyrid, meenaghey, keeayllaght, baght, definishon, definição, definiţie, determinare, definire, определение, definicija, definición, definition, açıklama, belirleme, belirtme, kesinleştirme, tanım, tarif, seçiklik, tanımlama, чіткість, тлумачення, виразність, визначення, дефініція, ясність, чітка чутність, sự định rõ, sự định nghĩa, lời định nghĩa sự định, diffiniad, darnodiad, for definition;
vertaling, transferim, transmetim, ‏ترجمة من لغة أجنبية للغة الأم, ‏ترجمة, ‏إفتتان, транслация, огъване, превод, предаване, поддаване, тълкуване, превеждане, 翻译, překlad, oversættelse, translatie, taajuusmuutos, translaatio, traduction, oersetting, Übersetzung, μετάφραση, תור'מ ות, תר'ום, "עתק", "עתק, fordítás, traduzione, 翻訳 , へい"ういどう, やくしょ, やくしゅつ, "うどく, ほ"やく, トランスレーション , やくじゅつ, ほ"やくしょ, 번역, tradukshon, tradução, translaţie, tãlmãcire, traducere, сдвиг, трансляция, перемещение, перевод, tumačenje, traducción, översättning, tercüme, процес перекладу, переклад, пояснення, переміщення, sự dịch, sự biến th nh sự giải thích, trosiad, for translation;
Albaans, Albanies, Albaniese taal, shqip, ‏الألبانية, ‏الألباني, албанец, албански език, албански, Albanyano, 阿"巴尼亚语, 阿爾巴尼亞人 , albánský, Albanees, albanskt, albanialainen, Albanais, Albaneesk, albaner, αλβανικόσ, Αλβανός, αλβανόσ, arbnisht, arbërisht, albán, albanskur, albanska, AlbÚinis, albanese, 알"니아, Albaneagh, albanês, arnãut, albanez, arnãuţesc, албанский, Alapania, albanski, albanac, albanés, alban, Arnavut, албанський, албанка, албанець, for Albanian;
Arabies, arabishte, ‏العربية, ‏عربي, ‏اللغة العربية, арабски език, арабски, 阿拉伯 , arabský, arabština, arábiskt, arabialainen, arabe, Arabysk, arabisch, αραβικόσ, ערבית, ערבי, arab, arabo, 아라비아, Arabish, arabir, arabic, арабский, Arapi, arapski, árabe, arabisk, าษาหรืออักขระอาหรับ, เกี่ยวกับอาระเบีย, arapça, arap, araplara özgü, арабська мова, арабський, tiếng A-rập, thuộc A-rập, for Arabic;
Bulgaars, Bulgaar, bulgr, ‏البلغارية, ‏بلغاري, Búlgaru, български, български език, българин, Bulgaryan, 保 利亚, bulharský, bulgarer, bulgarskt, bulgarialainen, Bulgaarsk, bulgare, 'ούλγαρος, bullgar, bolgár, bulgaro, 불가리아, Bulgeyragh, Bulgeyrish, Bułgar, болгарский, болгарин, bugarski jezik, bugarski, bugarka, bugarin, búlgaro, bulgar, bulgaristan ile ilgili, болгарський, người Bun-ga-ri tiếng Bun-ga-ri, for Bulgarian;
Sjinees, Chinees, kinez, ‏الصينية, ‏لغة الصين, ‏صيني, ‏الصيني أحد أبناء الصين, Chinu, китайски, Ininsik, 汉语, 中 , 漢 , 中國 , èínský, èínština, èíòan, kineser, kinesiskt, kinverskur, kiinalainen, Chinois, Sineesk, Chinesisch, Κινέζος, κινέζικα, κινέζικοσ, κινέζοσ, σινικόσ, kínai, Kínverji, Sínis, cinese, チフス菌 , チャイニーズ , 중국, Cina, Sheenish, Sheenagh, Hainamana, chines, Chińczyk, chinês, chinés, chinezesc, chinezeşte, chinezã, chinez, китайский, китаец, Saina, kineski jezik, kineski, chino, snesi, sneysi, kinesisk, çinli, çince, çin ile ilgili, çin, китаянка, китайська мова, китайський, кита"ць, for Chinese;
Tsjeggies, Tsjeg, çek, ‏تشيكي, ‏اللغة التشيكوسلوفاكية, ‏التشيكي أحد أبناء تشيكوسلوفاكيا, Checu, чешки, Sekoslovakyano, 捷克語 , 捷克语, 捷克 , èesky, èeské, èech, èeština, èeský, èeška, tjekker, tjekke, Tsjech, Tsjechisch, tjekkiskt, t?ekkiläinen, tchèque, Tsjechysk, Tscheche, tschechisch, Tschechin, Τσέχος, cseh, ceco, 체", Sheckagh, Sheckish, Czech, chèc, ceh, чешский, češki jezik, čeh, češki, checo, tjeck, Çek, çekoslovakyalı kimse, çekoslovakyalı, çek dili, чех, чеська мова, чеський, чешка, người Séc tiếng Séc, for Czech;
Deens, danisht, danishte, ‏لغة الدانمركية, ‏نوع كعك, ‏دانماركي, датски език, датски, Daniko, 丹麦语, dánský, dánština, danskur, danskt, tanskalainen, danois, Deensk, dänisch, δανικόσ, δανόσ, עו'ת שמרים, " י, dán, danska, Danmhairgis, danese, 덴마크, Danvargish, Danvargagh, danes, dinamarquês, danez, датский, danski, danski jezik, danés, dansk, danimarkalı, danimarka dili, датський, датська мова, tiếng Đan-mạch, for Danish;
Nederlands, Hollands, holandez, ‏هولندي, ‏اللغة الهولندية, холандски, немски език, холандски език, холандците, немски, Olandes, 菏蘭語 , 荷兰语, holandský, nizozemský, hollandsk, hollendskt, hollantilainen, néerlandais, Nederlânsk, holländisch, ολλανδικόσ, ολλανδόσ, holandisht, "ול "י, holland, hollenskur, Ollainnis, olandese, 네덜란", Belanda, Ollanish, Germaanish, Tatimana, nederlandsk, ulandes, hulandes, holandês, neerlandés, olandez, nemţesc, limba olandezã, german, голландский, holanđanin, u škripcu, holandski, holandés, bakratongo, holländsk, ชาวเนเธอร์แลน"์, เกี่ยวกับเนเธอร์แลน"์, รรยา, alman, eş, flemenkçe, holandaca, hollanda, karı, hollandalı, hollandalılara özgü olan, Hollandali, hollanda'ya ait, голландська мова, голландський, ngôn ngữ khó hiểu, "b xã", for Dutch;
Farsi, Parsi, persiskt, Fasi, for Farsi;
Fins, finlandez, finlandishte, finlandisht, ‏اللغة الفنلندية, ‏فنلندية, ‏فنلندي, фински език, фински, Pinlandino, 芬蘭語 , 芬兰语, finský, finskt, suomi, suomalainen, finnois, Finlandaise, finlandais, finnisch, φινλανδικόσ, פי י, finn, finnskur, finnska, finlandese, 핀란", Fynlannish, Fynlannagh, finlandês, finês, finlandezã, финский, Finisi, finski jezik, finski, finlandés, finés, finsk, fince, finlandiya'ya özgü, фінська мова, фінський, tiếng Phần-lan, for Finnish;
Franse taal, Frans, franceze, francez, frëngjisht, frëng, frëngjishte, ‏فرنسي, ‏اللغة الفرنسية, ‏الشعب الفرنسي, gall, френски език, френски, Pranses, 法國 , 法文 , 法語 , 法语, francouzština, francouzský, franskur, franskt, ranskalainen, français, Frânsk, französisch, γάλλοσ, γαλλικόσ, γαλλική γλώσσα, γαλλίδα, צרפתי, צרפתית, francia, Fraincis, francese, フレコン化 , フランス" , 仏文 , 仏 , ふつぶ", フレンチ , フランセ , ふつ, "랑스, Perancis, Ny Frangee, Mooinjey ny Frank, frances, franses, francês, francezii, francezã, franţuzesc, franţuzeşte, французский, Falani, francuski jezik, francuski, francuzi, francés, sí-Fulentji, fransk, franska, fransızca, Fransiz, fransızca ile ilgili, fransız, fransa ile ilgili, французька мова, французький, Ffrengig, isiFulentshi, for French;
Duits, Duitser, Duitse taal, Germaan, gjerman, ‏ضرب من الرقص, ‏جرماني, ‏المانية, ‏الماني, ‏اللغة الألمانية, роден, германски, немски език, немски, немец, готически, германец, 德語 , 德语, 德文 , 德國 , nìmecký, nìmec, tysker, Duitse, týskur, týskt, týskari, saksalainen, Allemand, Dútsk, Deutsche, Deutsch, "ερμανός, gjermanisht, 'רמ י, 'רמ ית, német, þjóðverji, þýskur, GearmÚnach, GearmÚinis, tedesco, ジプシー音楽 , ジャーマン , 독일, todesch, Germaanagh, Garmane, Germaanish, Carmane, aleman, Niemiec, niemiecki, alemão, alemand, neamţ, немецкий, Siamani, germanski, alemán, Tudesku, Doysri, mjeremani, mdachi, sí-Jalimáne, tysk, เยอรมัน, าษาเยอรมัน, Alman, німкеня, німецький, німець, $sisters german$ chị em ruột, $cousin german$ anh chị em con chú bác ruột, sister, Almaenwr, isiJalimane, iliJalimane, iJalimane, for German;
Grieks, Griek, ‏الإغريقي, ‏يوناني, ‏اللغة اليونانية, Griegu, гръцки език, гръцки, грък, Griyego, 希臘語 , 希腊语, řecký, řeètina, řek, græker, grikst, kreikkalainen, grec, Gryk, Gryksk, Gryks, grieche, ελληνικόσ, 'Ελληνας, יו ית, יו י, görög, Grikki, greco, ギリシア語 , ギリシア", 그리스, Greagish, Greagagh, grego, grèc, greacã, греческий, Eleni, grk, grčki jezik, grčki, griego, grek, Yunanli, yunanlı, yunanca, yunan, Rumca, yunanistan'a ait, rum, грек, гречанка, грецька мова, грецький, kẻ cắp b gi gặp nhau, quân bạc bịp tôi không thể hiểu được điều đó thật l kỳ phùng địch thủ, người Hy-lạp tiếng Hy-lạp kẻ bịp bợm, kẻ lừa đảo, Groegwr, for Greek;
Jood, Hebreeus, Israeliet, hebraishte, ‏يهودي, ‏عبري, ‏اليهودية, ‏اللغة العبرية, ‏العبرية, Hebréu, иврит, древен жител на юдея, юдейски, израилтянин, евреин, староеврейски, староеврейски език, юдей, 西伯来, 希伯來語 , hebrejský, hebrejka, hebrejec, hebrejština, joods, Hebreeuws, hebraiskt, juutalainen, hébreu, Hebrieusk, hebräisch, hebräer, εβραϊκόσ, εβραϊκά, εβραίοσ, עברית, עברי, zsidó, héber, izraelita, Eabhrais, ebraico, ebreo, ヘブライ語 , ヘブライ", Ewagh, Ew, Ewnish, hudiu, hebraico, hebreu, ebrèu, limba ebraicã, izraelit, evreu, evreiesc, ebraic, еврейский, еврей, древнееврейский, древнееврейский язык, Eperu, hibru, hebreo, dyu, Myahudi, Yahudi, hebreiska, hebreisk, jude, ชาวฮิบรู (ปัจจุบันคือประเทศอิสราเอลและปาเลสไตน์), าษาฮิบรู (ปัจจุบันคือประเทศอิสราเอลและปาเลสไตน์), musevi, ibranice, ibrani, іудей, старо"врейська мова, старо"врейський, іврит, "врейський, "врей, người Hê-brơ, Hebraeg, Hebreaidd, for Hebrew;
Hongaars, Hongaar, hungarez, ‏الهنغاري, ‏مجري, ‏هنغاري, ‏المجري, ‏اللغة الهنغارية, Húngaru, унгарски език, унгарски, унгарец, Hungaryan, 匈牙利語 , 匈牙利语, maïarský, maïar, maïarština, ungarer, Hongaarse, ungarskt, unkarilainen, hongrois, Hongaarsk, ungar, Ούγγρος, "ו 'רי, magyar, ungherese, 헝가리, Ungaarish, Ungaaragh, Węgier, ongrés, ungureşte, ungur, limba maghiarã, unguresc, maghiar, limba ungarã, венгр, венгерский, mađarski, mađar, mađarski jezik, húngaro, ungrare, ชาวฮังการี, macarca, macar, угорська мова, угорка, угорський, угорець, người Hung-ga-ri tiếng Hung-ga-ri, for Hungarian;
Indonesies, indonezian, ‏الماليزي أحد أبناء ماليزيا, ‏اللغة الأندونيسية, Indonesiu, индонезийски език, индонезийски, 印度尼西亚语, 印度尼西亞語 , indonéský, indonéština, indonésan, indoneser, Indonesisch, Indisch, Indonesiër, indonesiskt, indonesialainen, indonésien, Yndonesysk, Indonesier, Ινδονήσιος, indonéz, indonesiano, インドネシア語 , インドネシア", 인도네시아, Indoneesagh, indonésio, indonésia, индонезийский, индонезиец, Indtasisian, indonezijski, indonežanin, indonesio, indones, Indonesyo, endonezya'ya ait, endonezyalı, endonezya dili, endonezya, індонезі"ць, індонезійський, індонезійська мова, індонезійка, người In-ddô-nê-xi-a tiếng In-ddô-nê-xi-a, for Indonesian;
Italianer, Italiaans, Italiaan, ‏شخص إيطالي, ‏اللغة الإيطالية, ‏الإيطالي, ‏إيطالي, Italianu, италиански език, италиански, италианец, Italyano, 意大利 , 意大利語 , 意大利语, italština, italský, ital, italiener, italienskt, italialainen, Italien, Italjaansk, italienisch, Ιταλός, italisht, איטלקי, איטלקית, olasz, Ítali, IodÚilis, italiano, 이탈리아, Iddaalish, Włoch, italianã, italienesc, italieneşte, italian, итальянский язык, итальянский, итальянец, Italia, italijanski, italijanski jezik, italijan, sí-Taliyáne, italienare, italiensk, italienska, เกี่ยวกับอิตาลี, ชาวอิตาลี, าษาอิตาลี, italyanca, italyan, італі"ць, італійська мова, італійський, італійка, for Italian;
korean, ‏كوري شمالي, ‏اللغة الكورية, ‏كوري جنوبي, ‏كوري, Coreanu, корейски, корейски език, Koryano, 韩国语, "國 , 朝鮮語 , korejský, korejec, korejština, Koreaans, koreanskt, coréen, Koreaansk, koreanisch, Koreaner, κορεάτησ, κορεάτικοσ, koreai, 한국, koreano, coréia, a língua coreana, coreean, limba coreeanã, кореец, корейский, Kolea, korejski jezik, korejski, koreanac, coreano, koreansk, ชาวเกาหลี, kore'li, кореянка, коре"ць, корейська мова, корейський, người Triều tiên tiếng Triều tiên, for korean;
gjuha e popullsisë së ishullit men, manský, manština, manx, mann-szigeti nyelv, Gaelgagh, Yn Ghaelg, Manninish, Manninagh, язык жителей о-ва мэн, с о-ва мэн, s ostrva mana, los habitantes de la isla de man, lengua de la isla de man, de la isla de man, från ön man, man dili, man adası, менський діалект, менський, for manx;
Portugees, portugez, portugalisht, ‏اللغة البرتغالية, ‏البرتغالية, ‏البرتغالي, португалски език, португалски, португалец, Potuges, 葡萄牙语, 葡萄牙人 , 葡萄牙語 , portugalský, portugiser, portugisiskt, portugalilainen, portugais, Portugeesk, portugiesisch, πορτογάλοσ, ορτογάλος, portugál, Portaingéilis, portoghese, ポルトガル語 , ポルトガル", 포르투갈, Portiugish, Portiugagh, portugues, Portugalczyk, português, portughez, португальский, portugalski jezik, portugalski, portugalac, portugués, Mreno, si-Putúkezi, portugis, portekiz, Portekízlí, portekizli, portekizce, португальська мова, португальський, португалець, người B"-đ o-nha tiếng B"-đ o-nha, for Portuguese;
Russies, Rus, ‏الروسية, ‏روسي, ‏اللغة الروسية, Rusu, руски, руски език, руснак, Rusyan, 俄語 , 俄语, 俄文 , ruština, ruský, russer, russur, russiskt, venäläinen, Russysk, Russe, russisch, Ρώσος, רוסי, orosz, rússneskur, Rússi, Rúisis, russo, ロシア語 , ロシア", 러시아, Rooshish, Rooshagh, russisk, Rosjanin, русский, Lusia, ruski jezik, ruski, ruso, sí-Rashîya, ryss, ชาวรัสเซีย, rusça, росіянка, росіянин, російська мова, російський, người Nga tiếng Nga, for Russian;
塞爾維亞克羅地亞語 , 塞"维亚-克罗地亚语, serbokroatisch, 세르보크로아티아, servo-croata, sârbo-croat, srpsko-hrvatski, srpsko-hrvatski jezik, serbokroatiska, serbokroatisk, เกี่ยวกับ าษาเซอร์เบียและโครเอเชีย, าษาหลักของชาวเซอร์เบียและโครเอเชีย, for Serbo-Croatian;
Spaans, Spaanse taal, spanjoll, ‏اللغة الأسبانية, ‏الأسبانية, ‏أسباني, испански език, испански, espanyoles, Espanyol, 西班牙语, 西班牙文 , 西班牙語 , španìlský, španìlština, spanskt, espanjalainen, espagnol, Spaansk, spanisch, ισπανικά, ισπανικόσ, ισπανοί, karaiñe'êmegua, ספר"ית, ספר"י, spanyol, SpÚinnis, spagnolo, スペイン語 , スパイ罪 , スペイン", スパニッシュ , 스페인, Spaainagh, Spaainish, spañó, espanhol, espanhòl, spaniolesc, spanioleşte, spaniol, испанский, Sipaniolo, španski jezik, španski, español, spanska språk, spansk, ispanyollar, ispanyolca, ispanyol, іспанська мова, іспанський, for Spanish;
Sweeds, suedez, ‏اللغة السويدية, Suecu, шведски език, шведски, швед, Swedis, 瑞典語 , 瑞典语, švédský, švédština, Zweeds, svenskt, ruotsalainen, suédois, Sweedsk, schwedisch, σουηδικόσ, σουηδικά, svéd, sænskur, Sualainnis, svedese, スウェーデン語 , スウェーデン", 스웨덴, Soolynish, Soolynagh, suèc, шведский, švedski jezik, švedski, sueco, svensk, เกี่ยวกับคน าษาและวั'นธรรมของประเทศสวีเ"น, isveççe, isveç dili, isveç, Ísveçlí, шведська мова, шведський, người Thuỵ điển tiếng Thuỵ điển, for Swedish;
Tailandes, 泰國 , 泰文 , 泰国, 泰 , thailænder, Thailander, Thai, Thais, thailendskt, thaimaalainen, Thaïlandais, thailändisch, Thailänder, Ταϊλανδός· Ταϊλανδέζος, tailandese, 泰語 , たい", 타이 말, tailandês, tailandés, thailändare, ที่เกี่ยวกับประเทศไทย, าษาไทย, เกี่ยวกับคนไทย, คนไทย, Taylandlı, Tayland Dili, Tayland, Tai Dili, Та"ць, Тайська Мова, Тайський, for Thai;
Turks, turk, ‏تركي أحد أبناء تركيا, ‏اللغة التركية, Turcu, турски, турски език, Turko, 土耳其, 土耳其語 , tureètina, turecký, turkist, turkkilainen, turque, turc, Turksk, türkisch, τούρκικοσ, טורקי, török, Yn Turkish, Turkagh, turcesc, турецкий, turski jezik, turski, turco, turkisk, türk, türkçe, турецька мова, турецький, tiếng Thổ nhĩ kỳ, for Turkish;
乌克兰, for Ukranian;