Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Heparin |
HeparinNoun1. A polysaccharide produced in basophils (especially in the lung and liver) and that inhibit the activity of thrombin in coagulation of the blood; heparin sodium (trade names Lipo-Hepin and Liquaemin) is used as an anticoagulant in the treatment of thrombosis. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
| Domain | Definitions |
Health | Heparinic acid. A highly acidic mucopolysaccharide formed of equal parts of sulfated D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid with sulfaminic bridges. The molecular weight ranges from six to twenty thousand. Heparin occurs in and is obtained from liver, lung, mast cells, etc., of vertebrates. Its function is unknown, but it is used to prevent blood clotting in vivo and vitro, in the form of many different salts. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Heparin is an injectable anticoagulant, nowadays usually made synthetically. It is used both as an anticoagulant in people, and in various medical devices such as test tubes and extracorporal circulation devices such as renal dialysis machines.
Heparin was originally isolated from liver cells, hence its name (hepato- means "of the liver"). Scientists were looking for an anticoagulant that could work safely in humans and researchers in Johns Hopkins found a compound extracted from liver that could work.
Heparin works by potentiating the action of antithrombin III, as it is similar to the heparan sulfate proteoglycans which are naturally present on the cell membrane of the endothelium. Because antithrombin III inactivates many coagulation proteins, the process of coagulation will, slow down. In case of overdose, a chemical protamine can be given to counteract the heparin action. The effects of heparin are measured in the lab by the APTT, (the time it takes the blood plasma to clot).
Heparin has to be adminstered parenterally, it is digested when taken by mouth. It can be injected intravenously, into a muscle, or subcutaneously (under the skin). Because of its short biologic half-life of approximately one hour, heparin must be given frequently or as a continuous infusion.
A serious side effect of heparin is heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT syndrome). HIT is caused by an immunological reaction that makes platelets form clots within the blood vessels, thereby using up coagulation factors. Formation of platelet clots can lead to thrombosis, while the loss of coagulation factors and platelets may result in bleeding. HIT can (rarely) occur shortly after heparin is given, but also when a person has been on heparin for a long while. Immunologic tests are available for the diagnosis of HIT. There is also a benign form of thrombocytopenia associated with heparin use.
Because of the serious side effects and because heparin must be injected, it is often only used to commence anticoagulation therapy until the oral anticoagulant warfarin is working effectively.
Test tubes, vacutainers, and capillary tubes, that use lithium heparin as an anticoagulant are usually marked with green stickers and green tops. Heparin has the advantage over EDTA as an anticoagulant, as it does not affect levels of ions (such as calcium). Heparin can interfere with some immunoassays, however. As lithium heparin is usually used, a person's lithium levels cannot be obtained from these tubes: for this purpose royal-blue topped vacutainers containing sodium heparin are used.
External link:
History of heparin - would someone like to rewrite this for wiki?
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Heparin."
Synonyms: HeparinSynonyms: Lipo-Hepin (n), Liquaemin (n). (additional references) |
Crosswords: Heparin |
| English words defined with "heparin": labrocyte, Lipo-Hepin, Liquaemin ♦ mast cell, mastocyte ♦ protamine. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "heparin": basocyte, basophil leucocyte, basophilic cell, Batroxobin ♦ Endothelial Growth Factors ♦ Fibroblast Growth Factor, Acidic, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Basic ♦ Heparin Antagonists, Heparin Cofactor II, Heparin Lyase, Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight, Heparitin Sulfate, Hexadimethrine ♦ Mucinoses ♦ Partial Thromboplastin Time, Protein C Inhibitor ♦ Serpins ♦ Thrombin Time ♦ Whole Blood Coagulation Time. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Heparin" is also a word in the following language with the English translation in parentheses. Swedish (heparin). |
| Domain | Title |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | An agent called heparin that keeps blood from clotting. (references) | |
The most commonly used anticoagulants include warfarin (also known as Coumadin ) and heparin. (references) | ||
Researchers overseas are examining whether the anticoagulant heparin can help control colitis by preventing blood clots. (references) | ||
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "Heparin" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.53% of the time. "Heparin" is used about 213 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 99.53% | 212 | 20,813 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.47% | 1 | 339,140 |
| Total | 100.00% | 213 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "heparin": Heparin Antagonists ♦ Heparin Cofactor II ♦ Heparin Lyase. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "heparin": heparin-binding, heparin-bovine, Heparin-bsa, heparin-like, Heparin-sepharose, heparin-treated. | |
Ending with "heparin": bsa-heparin, no-heparin, post-heparin. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "heparin"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 肝 . (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Danish | heparin. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Dutch | heparine. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Finnish | hepariininatrium (heparin sodium), hepariinihoito (heparin therapy), veren hyytymisen hidastaminen hepariinilla (heparin therapy). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
French | héparine. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
German | Heparin. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | ηπαρίνη. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | eparina. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | eparinhay heparina. (various references) heparina. (various references) heparin. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "heparin": heparinized, heparins. (additional references) | |
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"Heparin" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Gelperin, Halperin, hearen, heparine, herapin, Huarina, huperzia, Khabarin, Khephren. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "heparin" (pronounced he"peri'n) |
| 3 | -er i' n | Ribavirin. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-e-h-i-n-p-r" | |
-1 letter: harpin, hernia, panier, rapine. | |
-2 letters: arpen, raphe, repin, ripen. | |
-3 letters: airn, aper, earn, epha, haen, hair, hare, harp, heap, hear, heir, hern, hire, nape, neap, near, nipa, pain, pair, pane, pare, pean, pear, pein, peri, pian, pier, pina, pine, pirn, rain, rani, rape, reap, rein, rhea, ripe. | |
-4 letters: ain, air, ane, ani, ape, are, ear, era, ern, hae, hap, hen, hep, her, hie, hin, hip, ire, nae, nah, nap, nip, pah, pan, par, pea, peh, pen, per, phi, pia, pie, pin, rah, ran, rap, rei, rep, ria, rin, rip. | |
-5 letters: ae, ah, ai, an, ar, eh, en, er, ha, he, hi, in, na, ne, pa, pe, pi, re. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-e-h-i-n-p-r" | |
+1 letter: heparins, perianth, seraphin. | |
+2 letters: hampering, nephridia, parhelion, paunchier, perianths, philander, planisher, preaching, printhead, reshaping, threaping, unhappier. | |
+3 letters: antiherpes, chaptering, euphoriant, headspring, hemipteran, hierophant, hypermania, hypermanic, hypertonia, interphase, nalorphine, nephridial, pathfinder, philanders, pinfeather, planishers, prehearing, preheating, preshaping, prewashing, printheads, radiophone, repatching, rephrasing, rhizoplane, sapphirine, sharpening, springhead, upreaching, vibraphone, wardenship. | |
+4 letters: antiphrases, antistrophe, apomorphine, chairperson, chaperoning, chiropteran, euphoriants, foremanship, generalship, graphicness, handicapper, headsprings, hebephrenia, hemipterans, heparinized, hierophants, hypercapnia, hypercapnic, hypermanias, hypermnesia, hypersaline, hypertonias, interparish, interphases, managership, metanephric, metanephroi, misanthrope, nalorphines, necrophilia, negrophobia, neuropathic, overheaping, parenthesis, parenthetic, parishioner, partnership, pathfinders, pentarchies, perionychia, philandered, philanderer, philodendra, pinfeathers, planisphere, platyrrhine, preachiness, preachingly, prehearings, radiophones, renographic, reproaching, retinopathy, rhizoplanes, semaphoring, senatorship, shinplaster, springheads, traineeship, transhipped, upgathering, vibraphones, wardenships, xiphisterna. | |
+5 letters: alphanumeric, antistrophes, apomorphines, apprehending, apprehension, apprehensive, arsphenamine, attorneyship, azathioprine, chairpersons, cheeseparing, chiropterans, enantiomorph, ethnographic, foremanships, generalships, handicappers, hebephrenias, hierophantic, horsemanship, housepainter, hypercapnias, hyperkinesia, hypermnesias, iconographer, managerships, misanthropes, misapprehend, naprapathies, necrophiliac, necrophilias, negrophobias, nephropathic, neuropathies, nomographies, nonspherical, outpreaching, paintbrushes, paperhanging, parenthesize, parishioners, partnerships, pathbreaking, perichondral, perichondria, perphenazine, philanderers, philandering, phrasemaking, planispheres, planispheric, platyrrhines, prankishness, preachifying, prehistorian, relationship, renographies, repurchasing, scenographic, senatorships, shinplasters, sonographies, spearfishing, spearheading, stenographic, superheating, telegraphing, traineeships, transshipped, trephination, trichopteran, vaporishness, venographies, watermanship. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)48 65 70 61 72 69 6E |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references).... . .--. .- .-. .. -. |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01001000 01100101 01110000 01100001 01110010 01101001 01101110 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)H e p a r i n |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0048 0065 0070 0061 0072 0069 006E |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
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Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)42718267847580 |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Commercial | 5. Quotations: Non-fiction 6. Usage Frequency 7. Expressions 8. Expressions: Internet | 9. Translations: Modern 10. Derivations 11. Rhymes 12. Anagrams | 13. Orthography 14. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
