Hausa

Hausa is the Chadic language with the largest number of speakers as it is spoken by about 30 million people. It is mainly spoken in the African country of Niger and the north of Nigeria. It has had a written form for more than 200 years. First an Arabic script was used, but this has been superseded mostly by a Latin script which was introduced at the beginning of the 20th century. Hausa is a tone language. Each of its five vowels a,e,i,o and u may have low tone, high tone and falling tone. For representing it in HTML for example the french accented vowels may be used:

à è ì ò ù (low tone)

á é í ó ú (high tone)

â ê î ô û (falling tone)

In general writing tone is often not marked. However it is needed for disambiguation in some cases.

In the Hausa alphabet there are three additional consonants which are added to the Roman alphabet:

ɓ ɓ

ɗ ɗ

ƙ ƙ

(&#nnn; are the sgml character entities which give the Unicode value in decimal)

How to create a web page in Hausa?

Use any html editor or just plain text editor.
Use qb for ɓ , qd for ɗ and qk for ƙ .
Save your file by naming it o-myHausaFile.html.
Open a command line interpreter
To replace the transcripted three consonsants run the command

sed -f hausaTranscrToUnicode.sed o-myHausaFile.html > myHausaFile.html

The file hausaTranscrToUnicode.sed contains the replacement commands for qb, qd, qk to Unicode character entity references.

    s/qb/\\&#599;/g
    s/qd/\\&#599;/g
    s/qk/\\&#409;/g

See also: Kanem-Bornu Empire

Commercial Usage: Hausa

Domain	Title
Books	Hausa (London Oriental and African Language Library, 7) (reference) Hausa (Teach Yourself) (reference) Hausa Folk Tales (reference) Hausa Women in the Twentieth Century (reference) Marriage in Maradi: Gender and Culture in a Hausa Society in Niger, 1900-1989 (Social History of Africa Series) (reference) (more book examples)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Non-Fiction Usage: Hausa

Subject	Topic	Quote
Civil Liberties	Nigeria	The New Nigerian publishes an additional Hausa edition. (references)
	Nigeria	There is a national radio broadcaster, the Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria, which broadcasts in English, Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo, and other languages; 51 state radio stations broadcast in English and local languages. (references)
	Nigeria	International broadcasters, principally the Voice of America and British Broadcasting Corporation, as well as Deutsche Welle and others, broadcast in English and Hausa and are an important source of news in the country. (references)
Economic History	Nigeria	Hausa, Yoruba, and Igbo are the most widely used. (references)
	Nigeria	Languages: English (official), Hausa, Igbo, Yoruba, others. (references)
	Niger	Ethnic groups: Hausa 56%, Djerma 22%, Fulani 8.5%, Tuareg 8%, Beri Beri (Kanouri) 4.3%; Arab, Toubou, and Gourmantche 1.2%. (references)
Human Rights	Nigeria	The following morning, a mob of predominantly Hausa youths attacked shopkeepers and looted shops in the city's major market. (references)
Minorities	Nigeria	By mid-September most of the Hausa had left Tafawa Balewa. (references)
	Nigeria	There also were reports of summary executions of Hausa in outlying villages. (references)
Political Rights	Nigeria	In 2000 there were few military retirements, and although they appear to reflect an ethnic or religious bias, some in the north believe that the northern Hausa are underrepresented in the military. (references)
	Nigeria	In 1999 President Obasanjo retired all military officers who held political office, which meant that a disproportionate number of northern Hausa officers--who dominated the upper ranks under the previous military regimes--left the service. (references)
Travel	Nigeria	English is the official language of Nigeria, although it is a second language for many Nigerians who also speak one of several indigenous languages, such as Yoruba, Hausa and Ibo. (references)
Women	Niger	Among the Hausa and Peul ethnic groups in the east, some women are cloistered and may leave their homes only if escorted by a male and usually only after dark. (references)
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

Usage Frequency: Hausa

Expression: Hausa

Frequency of Internet Keywords: Hausa

Modern Translations: Hausa

Misspellings: Hausa

Anagrams: Hausa

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams
	Words within the letters "a-a-h-s-u"
	-1 letter: aahs.
	-2 letters: aah, aas, aha, ash, has, sau, sha.
	-3 letters: aa, ah, as, ha, sh, uh, us.
	Words containing the letters "a-a-h-s-u"
	+2 letters: anchusa, hamauls, kahunas, quamash, sahuaro.
	+3 letters: acanthus, anchusas, arethusa, babushka, bahadurs, calathus, chapeaus, chateaus, hanumans, haulages, hausfrau, mahuangs, quahaugs, sahuaros, subahdar, thalamus.
	+4 letters: ailanthus, archosaur, arethusas, asphaltum, autobahns, ayahuasca, babushkas, backhauls, bauhinias, brouhahas, cachuchas, chaquetas, eulachans, guacharos, hadrosaur, harangues, haulyards, hausfraus, haustella, haustoria, hazardous, hibakusha, huaraches, huarachos, quamashes, sasquatch, subahdars, thesaural, unabashed, unashamed, upheavals.
	+5 letters: acanthuses, acephalous, agapanthus, amateurish, archosaurs, asphaltums, athenaeums, autarchies, autographs, ayahuascas, chihuahuas, diaphanous, euthanasia, euthanasic, guacharoes, habituates, hadrosaurs, hantavirus, haranguers, hausfrauen, haustorial, hematurias, huckabacks, husbandman, lanthanums, launchpads, marihuanas, naumachias, naumachies, parachutes, sacahuista, sacahuiste, scaramouch, spathulate, thysanuran, ultraheats, ultrasharp, unshakable, unshakably.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

Alternative Orthography: Hausa

Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)

48 61 75 73 61

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)

American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)

⁼

Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)

Braille (1829, in France) (references)

Morse Code (1836) (references)

.... .- ..- ... .-

Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)

Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)

01001000 01100001 01110101 01110011 01100001

HTML Code (1990) (references)

&#72 &#97 &#117 &#115 &#97

ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)

0048 0061 0075 0073 0061

British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)

Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)

Parts of Speech	Percent	Usage per 100 Million Words	Rank in English
Adjective (general or positive)	64.29%	18	82,615
Noun (common)	35.71%	10	111,207
Total	100.00%	28	N/A

Expression	Frequency per Day
hausa	36
hausa language	5
hausa people	2
hausa music	2
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Language		Translations for "Hausa"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.
Portuguese		haussá. (various references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

Hyphenated Usage
	Beginning with "Hausa": hausa-speaking.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Misspellings
	"Hausa" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Ahiauzu, Ahuma, Chiusa, Ghaus, Haaaa, Hakuna, Hakuta, Halusi, Hansma, Haobam, Haouas, Haua, hause, Hausen, hausse, Houslay, Hrusov, Huaca, Huasta, Huatay, Januska, Kharusan, Shause. (additional references)
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

Hausa

Definitions: Hausa

Hausa

Noun

Synonym: Hausa

Specialty Definition: Hausa language

Crosswords: Hausa

Commercial Usage: Hausa

Books

Non-Fiction Usage: Hausa

Usage Frequency: Hausa

Expression: Hausa

Frequency of Internet Keywords: Hausa

hausa

hausa language

hausa people

hausa music

Modern Translations: Hausa

Portuguese

Misspellings: Hausa

Misspellings

Anagrams: Hausa

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

Alternative Orthography: Hausa

48 61 75 73 61

.... .- ..- ... .-

01001000 01100001 01110101 01110011 01100001

&#72 &#97 &#117 &#115 &#97

0048 0061 0075 0073 0061

4267878567

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