Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

GROUNDWATER

Date "GROUNDWATER" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1985. (references)


Specialty Definition: GROUNDWATER

DomainDefinition

Agriculture

The water from wells and underground aquifers. An estimated 95% of the drinking water used in rural areas is from groundwater. Because of its use as drinking water, there is concern over contamination from leaching agricultural and industrial pollutants or leaking underground storage tanks. (references)

Geography

Subsurface water occupying the cavities and interstices beneath the land surface. Source: European Union. (references)

Health

Water beneath the earth's surface in the spaces between soil particles and between rock surfaces [compare with surface water]. (references)

Weather

The supply of fresh water found beneath the surface of the Earth (usually in aquifers) that often supplies wells and springs. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Specialty Definition: Groundwater

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Groundwater is any water found underground, including aquifers, subterranean rivers and streams, permafrost, and soil moisture. Groundwater flows to the surface naturally at springs and oases. It may also be tapped artificially by the digging of wells. The upper limit of abundant groundwater is called the water table.

Groundwater is naturally replenished from above, as surface water from rain, rivers or lakes sinks into the ground. Some groundwater also comes from below, as water from the mantle enters the lithosphere.

Problems with groundwater

Groundwater is a highly useful and abundant resource, but it does not renew itself rapidly. If groundwater is extracted intensively, as for irrigation in arid regions, it may become depleted. The most evident problem that may result from this is a lowering of the water table beyond the reach of existing wells. Wells must consequently be deepened to reach the groundwater; in places like India, the water table has dropped hundreds of feet due to over-extraction. A lowered water table may, in turn, cause other problems.

In coastal areas, a lowered water table may induce seawater to flow into the ground and mix with the groundwater. This is called a saltwater intrusion. Alternatively, salt from minerals may leach into the groundwater of its own accord

In India, a drop in the water table has been associated with arsenic contamination. It is thought that irrigation for rice production since late 1970s resulted in the withdrawal of large quantities of groundwater, which caused the local water table to drop, allowing oxygen to enter the ground and touching off a reaction that leaches out arsenic from pyrite in the soil. The actual mechanism, however, is yet to be identified with certainty.

Not all groundwater problems are caused by over-extraction. Pollutants dumped on the ground may leach into the soil, and work their way down into aquifers. Movement of water within the aquifer is then likely to spread the pollutant over a wide area, making the groundwater unusable.

Water table conditions are frequently of importance to agricultural irrigation, waste disposal (including nuclear waste), and other ecological issues.

Related topics

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Groundwater."

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Synonyms: GROUNDWATER

Synonyms: Subterranean water, Underground water. (additional references)

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Crosswords: GROUNDWATER

Specialty definitions using "GROUNDWATER": Abandoned wells, Aquitard, Atrazinecatch drain, Conjunctive use, curtain drainDepletion Curve, Drainage Well, Drainage wells, Drive Point ProfilerEffluent Stream, endostratic formation, Extraction Wellfree groundwatergroundwater surface, groundwater tableHydraulic Gradient, Hydrothermal alterationInfiltration Gallery, in-ground encapsulation, intercepting drainLaser Induced FluorescenceMonitoring WellNondischarging Treatment PlantOffstream Useperched ground water, perched water-table, Phreatic eruption, phreatic water, Phreatomagmatic eruption, Piezometric Levelsalt water intrusion, Septic system, Source Area, sulfate-bearing soilsunconfined groundwaterWater Quality Initiative, water vein, Well-logging, Wetlands. (references)

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Commercial Usage: GROUNDWATER

DomainTitle

References

  • Groundwater Treatment Equipment and Services in Taiwan: A Strategic Entry Report, 2000 (reference)

    (more reference examples)

  

Books

  • Drinking Water & Groundwater Remediation Cost Evaluation: Granular Activated Carbon (reference)

  • Groundwater Recharge and Wells: A Guide to Aquifer Storage Recovery (reference)

  • Apportioning Groundwater Beneath the U.S.-Mexico Border: Obstacles and Alternatives (Research Report Series, 45) (reference)

  • Water Follies: Groundwater Pumping and the Fate of America's Fresh Waters (reference)

  • Groundwater Recharge: Natural & Artificial Technologies & Water Reuse Management (reference)

    (more book examples)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Photo Album: GROUNDWATER

ThumbnailDescription & CreditThumbnailDescription & Credit

Wetlands recharge groundwater, store floodwaters, provide a filter for sediment and chemicals as well as provide wildlife habitat. Credit: Don Poggensee.

Cropland and wetlands provide wildlife habitat in South Dakota. Wetlands recharge groundwater, store floodwaters, provide a filter for sediment and chemicals as well as provide wildlife habitat. Credit: Don Poggensee.

Salt buildup from a 'saline seep' area. Saline seeps form when groundwater laden with salt percolates to the surface and then evaporates. The heavy consentrations of salt then kill grasses and expose rangeland to wind erosion. Credit: Tim McCabe.

Mahantango Creek watershed near Klingerstown, Pennsylvania. The combination of land use, soil properties, and hydrogeology largely determine vulnerability of surface and groundwater contamination by agricultural activities. P. Credit: USDA ARS News; photo by Scott Bauer..

Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.

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Non-Fiction Usage: GROUNDWATER

SubjectTopicQuote

Business

However, the groundwater sector presents a good import opportunity. (references)

This should give U.S. companies with soil and groundwater remediation expertise an edge in entering this future market. (references)

Consequently, it is expected that groundwater potential and its exploration will become an essential segment to support the irrigation sector. (references)

Economic History

Oman

Salinity of groundwater is a growing problem in coastal agricultural areas. (references)

Bahrain

The local water supply comes mainly from non-renewable groundwater abstraction. (references)

Oman

There are increasing levels of salinity in groundwater in coastal agricultural areas. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

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Usage Frequency: GROUNDWATER

"GROUNDWATER" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 53.02% of the time. "GROUNDWATER" is used about 281 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)
Parts of SpeechPercentUsage per
100 Million Words
Rank in English
Noun (singular)53.02%14925,810
Adjective (comparative)44.48%12528,650
Noun (proper)2.49%7133,076
                    Total100.00%281N/A

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Expressions: GROUNDWATER

Expressions using "GROUNDWATER": free groundwater groundwater aquifer groundwater discharge groundwater flow groundwater level groundwater seepage groundwater surface groundwater table unconfined groundwater. Additional references.

Hyphenated Usage

Beginning with "GROUNDWATER": groundwater-pollution.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Frequency of Internet Keywords: GROUNDWATER

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.
 
ExpressionFrequency
per Day
ExpressionFrequency
per Day

groundwater

220

direction flow groundwater

6

groundwater contamination

53

groundwater sampling

6

groundwater remediation

40

environmental groundwater services

5

groundwater pollution

39

groundwater pump

5

groundwater modeling

24

groundwater monitor

5

groundwater quality

21

groundwater modeling system

5

contaminated groundwater

20

disinfection groundwater monitoring well

5

groundwater safety

19

groundwater software

4

contamination groundwater mtbe

18

groundwater high level

4

groundwater mtbe

18

groundwater picture

4

groundwater monitoring

13

groundwater flow

4

national groundwater association

11

foundation groundwater

4

control groundwater

10

groundwater vista

4

groundwater model

9

bioremediation groundwater

4

groundwater flow model

8

cleanup groundwater soil

3

groundwater well

8

groundwater table

3

groundwater flow modeling

7

georgia groundwater standard

3

depth groundwater

7

groundwater recharge

3

expert groundwater modeling

7

chemistry ethiopia groundwater rift valley

3

visual groundwater

7

gis groundwater remote sensing

3
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Modern Translation: GROUNDWATER

Language Translations for "GROUNDWATER"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.

Albanian

  

ujra nëntokësore. (various references)

   

Bulgarian 

  

подпочвена вода. (various references)

   

Chinese 

  

地下水 . (various references)

   

Czech

  

spodní vody. (various references)

   

Danish

  

grundvandsafledning (piping to divert groundwater), ved hoej grundvandsstand kan ruthenium gaa direkte over i grundvandet og blive udvasket horisontalt (if the groundwater is relatively near the surfaCe, the ruthénium can pass directly into it and undergo lateral washing), opstuvet vand i jord (dammed-up groundwater, dammed-up water, wetness due to dammed-up groundwater, wetness due to dammed-up water). (various references)

   

Dutch

  

grondwaterafvoerleiding (piping to divert groundwater), Wet houdende regelen inzake het onttrekken van grondwater en het kunstmatig infiltreren van water in de bodem (Act laying down rules on the abstraction of groundwater and the artificial infiltration of water into the ground), stuwvocht (dammed-up groundwater, dammed-up water, wetness due to dammed-up groundwater, wetness due to dammed-up water), staat het grondwater hoog dan kan het ruthenium daar direct in terechtkomen en in horizontale richting uitgespoeld worden (if the groundwater is relatively near the surfaCe, the ruthénium can pass directly into it and undergo lateral washing), opgestuwd water (dammed-up groundwater, dammed-up water, wetness due to dammed-up groundwater, wetness due to dammed-up water), opgestuwd grondwater (dammed-up groundwater, dammed-up water, wetness due to dammed-up groundwater, wetness due to dammed-up water), natheid door opgestuwd water natheid door opgestuwd grondwater (dammed-up groundwater, dammed-up water, wetness due to dammed-up groundwater, wetness due to dammed-up water). (various references)

   

Finnish

  

ylivesi (dammed-up groundwater, dammed-up water, wetness due to dammed-up groundwater, wetness due to dammed-up water), pohjavesivalunta (groundwater discharge, groundwater flow, groundwater seepage, interflow, subsurface flow, subsurface run-off, underground run-off). (various references)

   

French

  

nappe souterraine (ground water), nappe d'eau souterraine (ground water), nappe (ground water). (various references)

   

German

  

Grundwasser (ground water). (various references)

   

Greek 

  

υπόγεια ύδατα. (various references)

   

Hungarian

  

talajvíz (ground water). (various references)

   

Indonesian

  

airtanah. (various references)

   

Italian

  

falda freatica (free groundwater, ground water, ground water table, ground-water level, level of saturation, phreatic water, unconfined groundwater, water table), falda acquifera (aquifer, ground water, water-bearing formation, water-bearing media, water-bearing strata, water-bearing stratum). (various references)

   

Pig Latin

  

oundwatergray

   

Portuguese

  

se a toalha freática se encontra a pequena profundidade,o ruténio pode atingi-la,sendo depois arrastado horizontalmente (if the groundwater is relatively near the surfaCe, the ruthénium can pass directly into it and undergo lateral washing), escoamento subterrâneo/subsuperficial (groundwater discharge, groundwater flow, groundwater seepage, interflow, subsurface flow, subsurface run-off, underground run-off). (various references)

   

Russian 

  

грунтовые воды (subterranean waters), почвенная вода. (various references)

   

Serbo-Croatian

  

podzemna voda. (various references)

   

Spanish

  

si la capa freática es poco profunda, el rutenio puede pasar directamente a la capa y experimentar un lavado horizontal (if the groundwater is relatively near the surfaCe, the ruthénium can pass directly into it and undergo lateral washing), humedad excesiva debida al estancamiento de agua gravitante (dammed-up groundwater, dammed-up water, wetness due to dammed-up groundwater, wetness due to dammed-up water), escorrentía subterránea (groundwater discharge, groundwater flow, groundwater seepage, interflow, subsurface flow, subsurface run-off, underground run-off). (various references)

   

Swedish

  

grundvatten (subsoil water). (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

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Derivations & Misspellings: GROUNDWATER

Derivations

Words beginning with "GROUNDWATER": groundwaters. (additional references)


Misspellings

"GROUNDWATER" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: groundeaters, roundwater. (additional references)

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Rhyming with "GROUNDWATER"

# of Phoneme MatchesPronunciationWord(s) rhyming with "GROUNDWATER" (pronounced grou"ndwÄ'ter or grou"nwÄ'ter)
4-w Ä' t ermeltwater, seawater.
4-w Ä' t ermeltwater, seawater.

Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

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Anagrams: GROUNDWATER

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

Words within the letters "a-d-e-g-n-o-r-r-t-u-w"

-2 letters: outgnawed, outranged, outwarred.

-3 letters: danewort, dragonet, garroted, grandeur, grounder, narrowed, outdrawn, outraged, outrange, ragouted, reground, teardown, trudgeon, undertow, untoward, waterdog.

-4 letters: adorner, aground, arrowed, daunter, dowager, dragnet, drowner, garoted, garrote, gaunter, gnarred, gowaned, grander, granted, granter, grantor, groaned, groaner, grouted, grouter, grunted, grunter, guarder, guerdon, gurnard, natured, negator, outdare, outdrag, outdraw, outdrew, outearn.

 Words containing the letters "a-d-e-g-n-o-r-r-t-u-w"
 

+1 letter: groundwaters.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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INDEX

1. Definition
2. Synonyms
3. Crosswords
4. Usage: Commercial
5. Images: Photo Album
6. Quotations: Non-fiction
7. Usage Frequency
8. Expressions
9. Expressions: Internet
10. Translations: Modern
11. Derivations
12. Rhymes
13. Anagrams
14. Bibliography


  

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.