Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definitions: Graft |
GraftNoun1. (surgery) tissue or organ transplanted from a donor to a recipient; in some cases the patient can be both donor and recipient. 2. The practice of offering something (usually money) in order to gain an illicit advantage. 3. The act of grafting something onto something else. Verb1. Cause to grow together parts from different plants; "graft the cherry tree branch onto the plum tree". 2. In surgery. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "graft" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1380. (references) |
| Domain | Definitions |
Bible | Graft the process of inoculating fruit-trees (Rom. 11:17-24). It is peculiarly appropriate to olive-trees. The union thus of branches to a stem is used to illustrate the union of true believers to the true Church. Source: Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary. |
Building & Civil Engineering | A narrow stiff spade for digging hard clay. Source: European Union. (references) |
Food & Agriculture | Theunion of stock and scion resulting from graftin. Source: European Union. (references) |
| Scion:a detached living portion of a plant joined to a stak in grafting and usu. supplying solely aerial parts to a graft ; a segment of a cane or shoot of one to several buds that is grafted onto a stock. Source: European Union. (references) | |
Health | Healthy skin, bone, or other tissue taken from one part of the body and used to replace diseased or injured tissue removed from another part of the body. (references) |
Medicine | To implant (living tissue) so as to form an organic union (as in a lesion). . Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Synonyms: GraftSynonyms: bribery (n), grafting (n), engraft (v), ingraft (v), transplant (v). (additional references) |
| Synonyms by domain: spader (building & civil engineeringbuilding & civil engineering, transportation). |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Giving | Bribe, bait, ground bait; peace offering, handsel; boodle, graft, grease;blat. |
Improbity | Perfidy; perfidiousness; Adjective: treachery, double dealing; unfairness; Adjective: knavery, roguery, rascality, foul play; jobbing, jobbery; graft, bribery; venality, nepotism; corruption, job, shuffle, fishy transaction; barratry, sharp practice, heads I win tails you lose; mouth honor; (flattery). |
Insertion | Graft, ingraft, bud, plant, implant; dovetail. |
Junction | Braze; pin, nail, bolt, hasp, clasp, clamp, crimp, screw, rivet; impact, solder, set; weld together, fuse together; wedge, rabbet, mortise, miter, jam, dovetail, enchase; graft, ingraft, |
Location | Verb: place, situate, locate, localize, make a place for, put, lay, set, seat, station, lodge, quarter, post, install; house, stow; establish, fix, pin, root; graft; plant; (insert); shelve, pitch, camp, lay down, deposit, reposit; cradle; moor, tether, picket; pack, tuck in; embed, imbed; vest, invest in. |
Teaching | Inculcate, indoctrinate, inoculate, infuse, instill, infix, ingraft, infiltrate; imbue, impregnate, implant; graft, sow the seeds of, disseminate. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Movie/TV Titles | Graft (1931) The Girl and the Graft (1918) Graft (1915) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title |
Books | |
Periodicals |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit |  | The operation is a corneal graft. / WHO p. Credit: National Library of Medicine; photo by M. Jacot.. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Grapes of Wrath | Steinbeck, John | Men who can graft the trees and make the seed fertile and big can find no way to let the hungry people eat their produce. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Graft and patient survival is increasing steadily. (references) | |
The two main types of access are a fistula and a graft. (references) | ||
But a graft is more likely to have problems with infection and clotting. (references) | ||
Business | As this report was being written, the Thai media was rife with reports of graft and corruption in the bidding process for construction contracts for the US$385 billion New Bangkok International Airport causing a dozen or so international construction consortia, including U.S. and European firms, to withdraw. (references) | |
Civil Liberties | Indonesia | The Government exercised this authority in September when it banned the travel of two businessmen suspected of involvement in a graft case. (references) |
Economic History | Philippines | There is also a Presidential Commission Against Graft and Corruption. (references) |
Philippines | The Office of the Ombudsman investigates cases of alleged graft and corruption involving public officials. (references) | |
Political Economy | UKRAINE | They ranked Ukraine as the world's ninth most corrupt nation in 2001. Procedures for obtaining various licenses remain complex, unpredictable and subject to graft. (references) |
Political Rights | Philippines | The Senate impeachment trial of President Estrada on charges of bribery, graft and corruption, betrayal of public trust, and culpable violation of the Constitution, was preempted on January 17 after a majority of senators voted to block the introduction of certain items of evidence. (references) |
Travel | Thailand | The revelation of what Westerners regard as rampant graft, corruption, and favoritism as an integral part of Thai business and political practice, and the recognition of the great cost to society these actions have caused in the wake of the financial crisis, is causing many Thais to openly criticize, for the first time, the behavior of the privileged and powerful . Previously referred to euphemistically as "the Thai way," such favoritism was not necessarily tolerated, but not directly challenged . The new economic and social era in the making holds promise of also being fairer and more transparent . (references) |
Worker Rights | Ukraine | In a 1999 report, the UNDP identified graft of officials and political corruption as two of the factors causing the spread of trafficking and prostitution. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "Graft" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 77.64% of the time. "Graft" is used about 161 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 77.64% | 125 | 28,650 |
| Lexical Verb (infinitive) | 18.63% | 30 | 63,341 |
| Lexical Verb (base form) | 3.73% | 6 | 143,867 |
| Total | 100.00% | 161 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes the usage of "graft" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified. |
| Name | Usage/Gender | Usage per 100 million Persons | Rank in USA |
| Graft | Last name | 300 | 28,942 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits. | |||
Expressions using "graft": allogenic graft ♦ autologous graft ♦ bench graft ♦ corneal graft ♦ coronary artery bypass graft ♦ graft by approach ♦ graft hybrid ♦ graft on ♦ Graft Rejection ♦ Graft Survival ♦ Graft vs Host Disease ♦ Graft vs Host Reaction ♦ Graft vs Leukemia Effect ♦ Graft vs Tumor Effect ♦ heterologous graft ♦ homologous graft ♦ homoplastic graft ♦ Host vs Graft Reaction ♦ host vs. graft rejection ♦ mucosa graft ♦ notch graft ♦ rooted graft ♦ side graft ♦ skin graft ♦ xenogeneic cellular graft. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "graft": graft-coated, Graft-hammond, graft-rejection, graft-versus, graft-versus-host, graft-versus-host disease, graft-versus-tumor. | |
Ending with "graft": anti-graft, bone-graft, skin-graft, splice-graft. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "graft"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Albanian | transplantoj (implant, prick out, transplant), shartoj (engraft, in-arch, ingraft), shartim (cross, grafting), shartesë (stock), ryshfet (boodle, bribe, fix, hush money, palm oil, rake off, swag), pemë e shartuar, organ i transplantuar, marrje ryshfeti, marr ryshfet, jap ryshfet (grease, grease smb.'s palm, grease the palm). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arabic | نبتة مطعمة, لحم (accrete, flesh, fuse, fuze, interfuse, meat, solder, weld), وحد (combine, confederate, conjugate, consolidate, integrate, knit, marry, pool, unify, unite), تطعيم النبات (grafting), تطعيم (inlay, inoculation, transplantation), تطعم, عسلوج التقليم, عسلوج التطعيم, طعم النبات, الطعم نبات, إبتزاز المال (lug), إبتز المال (racketeer, squeeze), شتلة (sapling). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bulgarian | рушвет (boodle, bribe, douceur, kickback, oil, payoff, payola, swag, sweetener, vail), незаконна печалба, зор (ado, elbow grease, job), забогатявам незаконно, лопата пръст, присаждане, присаждам (bud, engraft, implant), присадка, присад (stock), подкупност (corruption, venality), подкупничество (bribery, bribetaking, corruption, racketeering, subornation), подкуп (boodle, bribe, drop, fix, grease, hush money, oil, palm grease, palm oil, payoff, payola, refresher, subornation, sugarplum, sweetener, vail), давам подкуп (pay off). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 贪 , 接枝 , 扦 (stick in), 摟 (solicit, to collect, to embrace, to gather, to hug). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Czech | transplantovat (transplant), transplantace (transplant, transplantation), transplantát (transplant), roubovat, roubování, roub, oèkovat (inoculate, vaccinate), naoèkovat, úplatkářství (bribery), úplatek (backhander, bribe, inducement, sop), štìp (scion). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Danish | podning (grafting, smear), podekvist (bud sticks, cion, scion), okulerkvist (cion, scion), foraedlingsoeje (cion, scion), ædelris (cion, scion). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dutch | griffel (stylus), entrijs (cion, scion), entoog (cion, inoculation loop, loop, scion, smear loop), enthout (bud sticks, cion, scion), ent (cion, scion), edelrijs (cion, scion), edeloog (cion, scion). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Farsi | پیوندگیاه , پیوندزدن (Cross, Crossbreed, Imp, Join), پیوندبافت , پیوند (Confederacy, Consociation, Link, Slur, Union, Zonule), قلمه (Slip), گیاه پیوندی (Hybrid), تحصیل پول ومقام وغیره پیوند, سوء استفاده (Abusive, Jobbery, Misuse), ساخت وپاخت (Collusion), خندق (Ditch, Moat, Sike, Trench, Trig), جفت کردن (Accompany, Assemble, Geminate, Husband, Link, Truss, Twin, Yoke), ازراههای نادرست , ازراه نادرستی تحصیل کردن , اختلاس (Defalcation), بهم پیوستن (Bind, Clobber, Concrete, Incorporate, Interlock, Knit, Knot, Link, Pan, Seam). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Finnish | ymppi (grafted vine, inoculum, size of inoculum, spawn), varte (grafted vine), jaloverso (bud sticks, cion, scion), jalostusoksa (cion, scion), jalo-osa (cion, scion), jalo-oksa (cion, scion). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
French | greffer (to graft), greffe (grafting, grafts), greffon. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
German | veredeln (ennoble, improve, purify, refine), pfropfreis (scion). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | κατάχρηση (abuse, embezzlement, intemperance, malpractice, malversation, misappropriation, peculation), εμβόλιο (vaccination, vaccine), εμβολιάζω (engraft, have an inoculation, ingrain, inoculate, vaccinate), εμβολάδα, δωροδωκία, δωροδοκούμαι. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hebrew | מעש" שחיתות, שתל (sapling, seedling, transplant), שוח" (bribe, bribery, payola, sop). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hungarian | oltóág (scion, slip), korrupció (corruption, filth, job, malversation), vesztegetés (bribery, corruption), oltvány (scion), oltás (grafting, inoculation, quenching, seeding, vaccination), átültetett testszövet, átültetett szövet, átültetés (replantation, transplantation). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Indonesian | uang sogok, mencangkokkan (transplant), enten (implant), cantum, cangkok (cutting, false, shoot, transplant). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | innesto (connection, connexion, grafting, joint). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Kanji | 贈賄 (bribery, corruption), 収賄 (accepting bribes, corruption), 汚濁 (corruption, dirty, polluted). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Katakana | ぞうわい (bribery, corruption), お く (corruption, dirty, polluted), しゅうわい (accepting bribes, corruption), つぎほ (scion). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Korean | 목. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Manx | obbraghey dy jeean (toil), noadaghey, graftal, cooyl-chliaghtey (grafter), banglane noadit. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Norwegian | podning, pode. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | aftgray enxerto (grain, insertion, scion, set, slip, transplantation). (various references) grefã (transplantation), primi mitã (have in itching palm), mitã (bribe, bribery, gratification, gravy, hush money, jobbery, kickback, soap, steer), şperţ (boodle, bribe), altoire (grafting), altoi (cutting, engraft, grafting, ingraft, paddle, scion). (various references) система подкупа, черенок (haft, helve, quickset, shank, slip, stem), взятка (backhander, baksheesh, boodle, bribe, cumshaw, douceur, fix, golden key, palm grease, palm oil, payoff, payola, rake off, silver key, sop), взяточничество (bribery, corrupt practices), брать взятки (accept bribes), привой (grafter), прививать (engraft, inoculate, vaccinate, vaccinating), пересаживать ткань, пересадка ткани, давать взятку. (various references) graft, ucenjivati (blackmail), ucena (blackmail, extortion, ransom, reward), presaditi (replant, transplant), nakalemiti (engraft, ingraft), kalem (bobbin, coil, helix, reel, roll, spool, truncheon). (various references) injerto (grafting). (various references) ympkvist (scion), ympa (engraft, inoculate). (various references) yozlaşma (degeneracy, degeneration, devolution, dry rot, gangrene, retrogression, taint), yolsuzluk yapmak (rake off), yolsuzluk (defraudation, lawlessness, malpractice), rüşvet vermek (bribe, corrupt, cross smb.'s hand, fix, give a bribe, grease, grease smb.'s palm, grease the palm, oil one's hand, oil one's palm, oil smb.'s palm), rüşvet (backhander, boodle, bribe, bribery, corruption, douceur, inducement, kickback, palm grease, palm oil, payoff, payola, pie, sop), para yemek, organ nakli (transplantation), nakletmek (bear, bring forward, carry, carry forward, carry over, communicate, convey, freight, implant, recount, remove, route, ship, transfer, transplant, transport, wear), nakledilen organ, doku nakli, aşılamak (bud, engraft, envenom, fertilize, imbue, impregnate, indoctrinate, infect, infuse into, ingraft, inoculate, inspire, instil, instill, pass on an ilness, plant, suggest, transfuse, vaccinate), aşı kalemi (slip), aşı (inoculation, jab, poison, shot, vaccinal, vaccination, vaccine). (various references) peяwent etmek (inoculate). (various references) щеплення (engraftment, inoculation), живцювати, прищепа (grafter). (various references) sự hối lộ (bribery, corruption, subornation), sự ghép mô, sự ghép cây (graftage), sự đút lót (bribery, gratification), chỗ ghép mô, c nh ghép (grafter). (various references) impyn (scion, shoot), impio (bud, shoot, sprout). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Greek | 700 BCE-300 CE | grapheion. (various references) |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | graphium. (various references) |
| Old French | 900-1400 | grafe. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Language | Date | Source | Romans Chapter 6, Verse 5 |
| Greek (transliterated) | 250 BC | Septuagint | Ei gar sumfutoi gegonamen tw omoiwmati tou qanatou autou alla kai thV anastasewV esomeqa |
| Latin | 405 | Vulgate | Si enim conplantati facti sumus similitudini mortis eius simul et resurrectionis erimus |
| Old English | 990 | West Saxon | Gif we sind an mid him on his deaðe swa þis, sculon we eac beon an mid him in his upastandinge. |
| Middle English | 1395 | Wyclif | For if we plauntid togidere ben maad to the licnesse of his deth, also we schulen be of the licnesse of his risyng ayen; |
| Renaissance English | 1526 | Tyndale | For yf we be graft in deeth lyke vnto him: even so must we be in the resurreccio. |
| Jacobean English | 1611 | King James | For if we have been planted together in the likeness of his death, we shall be also in the likeness of his resurrection: |
| Victorian English | 1833 | Webster | For if we have been planted together in the likeness of his death, we shall be also in the likeness of his resurrection: |
| Basic English | 1964 | Ogden | For, if we have been made like him in his death, we will, in the same way, be like him in his coming to life again; |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Romans Chapter 6, Verse 5 |
| Cebuano | Kay kon kita nahiusa man ngadto kaniya diha sa usa ka kamatayon nga sama sa iya, nan, mahiusa gayud usab kita ngadto kaniya diha sa pagkabanhaw nga sama sa iya. |
| Croatian | Ako smo doista s njime srasli po sliènosti smrti njegovoj, oèito æemo srasti i po sliènosti njegovu uskrsnuæu. |
| Danish | Thi ere vi blevne sammenvoksede med ham ved hans Døds Afbillede, skulle vi dog også være det ved hans Opstandelses, |
| Dutch | Want indien wij met Hem een plant geworden zijn in de gelijkmaking Zijns doods, zo zullen wij het ook zijn in de gelijkmaking Zijner opstanding; |
| Finnish | Sillä jos me olemme hänen kanssaan yhteenkasvaneita yhtäläisessä kuolemassa, niin olemme samoin myös yhtäläisessä ylösnousemuksessa, |
| French | En effet, si nous sommes devenus une même plante avec lui par la conformité sa mort, nous le serons aussi par la conformité sa résurrection, |
| German | So wir aber samt ihm gepflanzt werden zu gleichem Tode, so werden wir auch seiner Auferstehung gleich sein, |
| Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari | Kalau kita sudah menjadi satu dengan Kristus sebab kita turut mati bersama Dia, kita akan menjadi satu dengan Dia juga karena kita turut dihidupkan kembali seperti Dia. |
| Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama | Karena jikalau kita sudah menjadi satu dengan Dia, dengan mengambil bahagian di dalam hal mati-Nya, begitu juga kita menjadi satu dengan Dia di dalam hal kebangkitan-Nya, |
| Italian | Se infatti siamo stati completamente uniti a lui con una morte simile alla sua, lo saremo anche con la sua risurrezione. |
| Maori | Ki te mea hoki kua honoa tatou ki a ia i runga i te ahua o tona matenga, ka honoa ano tatou ki a ia i runga i te ahua o tona aranga: |
| Norwegian | For er vi blitt forenet med ham ved likheten med hans død, så skal vi også bli det ved likheten med hans opstandelse, |
| Portuguese | Porque, se temos sido unidos a ele na semelhança da sua morte, certamente também o seremos na semelhança da sua ressurreição; |
| Rumanian | Kn adevqr, dacq ne-am fqcut una cu El, printr`o moarte asemqnqtoare cu a Lui, vom fi una cu El wi printr`o knviere asemqnqtoare cu a Lui. |
| Shuar | Krístujai tsaninkiu asar Niijiai métek jaka aintsanketji. Tura Núnisan Niijiai métek nantaktiniaitji. |
| Swahili | Maana, kama sisi tumeungana naye katika kufa kama yeye, vivyo hivyo tutaungana naye kwa kufufuliwa kutoka wafu kama yeye. |
| Swedish | Ty om vi hava vuxit samman med honom genom en lika död, så skola vi ock vara sammanvuxna med honom genom en lika uppståndelse. |
| Uma | Jadi', ane ntoa' mosidai' -ta-damo hante Yesus pai' hante kamatea-nae, bate rapotuwu' nculii' wo'o-ta mpai' hibalia hante Hi'a. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "graft": graftage, graftages, grafted, grafter, grafters, grafting, grafts. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "graft": allograft, autograft, engraft, heterograft, homograft, ingraft, intergraft, isograft, misgraft, regraft, xenograft. (additional references) | |
Words containing "graft": allografted, allografting, allografts, autografted, autografting, autografts, engrafted, engrafting, engraftment, engraftments, engrafts, heterografts, homografts, ingrafted, ingrafting, ingrafts, intergrafted, intergrafting, intergrafts, isografted, isografting, isografts, misgrafted, misgrafting, misgrafts, regrafted, regrafting, regrafts, xenografts. (additional references) | |
| |
"Graft" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: gaft, garf, Garfa, geaf, giraf, Graet, grafe, Grafft, graffti, grafte, graftt, grait, grart, grast, grat, grath, graut, gravet, grayt, gref, greffe, grift, grifty, groft, gruft, traft, wraft. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "graft" (pronounced gra"ft) |
| 4 | -r a" f t | craft, draft, draught, Kraft, raft, redraft. |
| 3 | -a" f t | aft, daft, haft, laughed, shaft, staffed. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-f-g-r-t" | |
-1 letter: fart, frag, frat, grat, raft. | |
-2 letters: aft, arf, art, fag, far, fat, gar, gat, rag, rat, tag, tar. | |
-3 letters: ag, ar, at, fa, ta. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-f-g-r-t" | |
+1 letter: forgat, grafts. | |
+2 letters: engraft, fagoter, farting, fraught, frigate, grafted, grafter, gratify, ingraft, rafting, regraft. | |
+3 letters: affright, crafting, drafting, driftage, engrafts, faggotry, fagoters, farthing, figeater, figurant, figurate, flagrant, footgear, fragment, fragrant, fraughts, frigates, frontage, frottage, fruitage, giftware, giftwrap, graffiti, graffito, graftage, grafters, grafting, grateful, ingrafts, isograft, misgraft, regrafts, strafing. | |
+4 letters: affrights, afterglow, allograft, autograft, draftings, driftages, engrafted, factorage, factoring, faltering, farthings, fathering, featuring, figeaters, figurants, footgears, forestage, forgather, fosterage, fragility, fragments, fraughted, frontages, frottages, frugality, fruitages, fulgurant, fulgurate, fumigator, furcating, gearshift, giftwares, giftwraps, godfather, graftages, gratified, gratifies, homograft, ingrafted, isografts, kingcraft, misgrafts, ratifying, reflating, regrafted, sgraffiti, sgraffito, tariffing, xenograft. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)47 72 61 66 74 |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references)--. .-. .- ..-. - |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01000111 01110010 01100001 01100110 01110100 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)G r a f t |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0047 0072 0061 0066 0074 |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
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Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)4184677286 |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Photo Album 7. Quotations: Fiction 8. Quotations: Non-fiction | 9. Usage Frequency 10. Names: Frequency 11. Expressions 12. Expressions: Internet | 13. Translations: Modern 14. Translations: Ancient 15. Bible Trace 16. Derivations | 17. Rhymes 18. Anagrams 19. Orthography 20. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
| Note to the press & webmasters - this dictionary can be linked, indexed, or referred to using the following non-English expressions: woordeboek, fjalor, معجم, قاموس, diccionariu, речник, diccionari, diksyonario, diksinario, 字典, gérlyver, slovník, ordbog, woordenboek, shimiyuc p'anca, orðabók, orðbók, dictionnaire, wurdboek, wörterbuch, λεξικό, אוצר מילים, szótár, uqausiit tukingit, dizionario, 辭典 , 辞典 , 字引 , 辞林 , 字書 , ディーゼル電気車 , 言海 , 辞彙 , 辞書 , じい, じびき, じて", ディクショナリー , じり", じしょ, '"かい, ディクショナリ , 사 , dizionari, recnik, fockleyr, dikshonario, słownik, dicionário, dicţionar, dicziunari, словарь, lolomi fefiloi, foclair, abardair, faclair, briathrachan, pukuntau, leksikon, rečnik, vocabbulariu, diccionario, sí-chazamagâma, ordbok, lexikon, พจนานุกรม, sözlük, ansiklopedik sözlük, словник, довідник, có tính chất sách vở, geirlyfr, geiriadur, for dictionary; definisie, qartësi, përcaktim, saktësi, الوضوحية في الشيء, حد, تحديد, تعريف, التحديد, الإيضاحية, яснота, сила, очертания, дефиниция, 定義 , 定义, definice, deskriptordefinition, definitie, määritelmä, définition, ορισμός, "'"ר", "'בל", meghatározás, definíció, definizione, 確定 , ディーゼル電気車 , デ'ドロ酢酸 , デフィニション , ディフィニション , ていぎ, かくてい, 의, geyrid, meenaghey, keeayllaght, baght, definishon, definição, definiţie, determinare, definire, определение, definicija, definición, definition, açıklama, belirleme, belirtme, kesinleştirme, tanım, tarif, seçiklik, tanımlama, чіткість, тлумачення, виразність, визначення, дефініція, ясність, чітка чутність, sự định rõ, sự định nghĩa, lời định nghĩa sự định, diffiniad, darnodiad, for definition; vertaling, transferim, transmetim, ترجمة من لغة أجنبية للغة الأم, ترجمة, إفتتان, транслация, огъване, превод, предаване, поддаване, тълкуване, превеждане, 翻译, překlad, oversættelse, translatie, taajuusmuutos, translaatio, traduction, oersetting, Übersetzung, μετάφραση, תור'מ ות, תר'ום, "עתק", "עתק, fordítás, traduzione, 翻訳 , へい"ういどう, やくしょ, やくしゅつ, "うどく, ほ"やく, トランスレーション , やくじゅつ, ほ"やくしょ, 번역, tradukshon, tradução, translaţie, tãlmãcire, traducere, сдвиг, трансляция, перемещение, перевод, tumačenje, traducción, översättning, tercüme, процес перекладу, переклад, пояснення, переміщення, sự dịch, sự biến th nh sự giải thích, trosiad, for translation; vertaal, transmetoj, transferoj, نقل من لغة إلى أخرى, ترجم الأفكار الي أعمال, ترجم, بهج لأقصى حد, преправям от старо, премествам, обяснявам, изяснявам, тълкувам, прибирам в рая, превеждам, кърпя, traduir, 翻译, 翻譯 , 翻 , 繙 , přenést, přeložit, překládat, oversætte, vertalen, translateren, overzetten, týða, kääntää, traduire, übersetzen, μεταφράζω, לתר'ם, fordít, þýða, tradurre, トランスフォー 断層 , トランスレート , 번역하십시", chyndaa, oversette, tradusí, tłumaczyć, traduzir, traduce, переводить, prevoditi, prevesti, preneti, traducir, översätta, tercüme yapmak, tercüme etmek, переміщувати, пояснювати, перекладатися, перекладати, trosi, for translate; 翻译, siirros, translation, übersetzend, μετάφραση, תר'ום, traslazione, 번역, tãlmãcire, traductorio, traduciendo, översättandet, översätter, for Translating; transferues, المترجم, الترجمان, преводач, 译者, překladatel, kodeomsætter, omregner, isolertransformer, skilletransformer, omsætter, Oversætter, oversætterprogram, oversaetter, kääntäjä, Traducteur, Übersetzer, Mεταφραστής, μετασχηματιστής απομονώσεως, μεταβιβαστής, μεταφράστησ, μεταφραστής, αποκωδικοποιητής, מתר'ם, תור'מן, fordító, traduttore, 訳者 , 翻訳者 , 翻訳家 , トランスフォー 断層 , トランスレーター , トランスレータ , ほ"やくしゃ, ほ"やくか, やくしゃ, 통역, glareyder, chyndaader, tradutor, tãlmaci, translator, traducãtor, tãlmãcitor, переводчик, tumač, traductor, um-húmushi, översättare, tercüman, транслятор, гравірувальник, перекладач, cyfieithydd, for translator; Engels, anglezët, anglez, gjuhë zngleze, anglishte, anglisht, الإنجليزية, الأنكليزي, إنكليزي, ترجمة إنكليزية, اللغة الإنكليزية, английски език, английски, англичаните, anglès, Ingles, 英语, 英國 , 英文 , 英 , 英語 , anglicky, anglan, inglise, enskt, englantia, englantilainen, anglais, Ingelsk, englisch, εγγλέζοσ, αγγλικόσ, angle, angleze, א 'לית, angol, ensku, enskur, enska, Béarla, inglese, 영국, oluzungu, luzungu, englesch, anglisy, Inggris, Sostynagh, Sostnagh, Baarlagh, english, inglês, anglés, inglestataq, inglesta, englezesc, английский, Igilisi, beurla, engleski, englez, engleski jezik, angleško, ingiriisi, ingiriisiga, sekgowa, inglés, kiingereza, sí-Ngísi, engelsk, peret‘ne, เกี่ยวกับประเทศอังกฤษ, ชาวอังกฤษ, าษาอังกฤษ, sekgoa, ingiltere, ingiliz, Íngílízce, ingilizce, Íngílíz, ýngilizce, англійський, англійці, англійська мова, Saesneg, ngale, isilungu, isiNgisi, for English; Albaans, Albanies, Albaniese taal, shqip, الألبانية, الألباني, албанец, албански език, албански, Albanyano, 阿"巴尼亚语, 阿爾巴尼亞人 , albánský, Albanees, albanskt, albanialainen, Albanais, Albaneesk, albaner, αλβανικόσ, Αλβανός, αλβανόσ, arbnisht, arbërisht, albán, albanskur, albanska, AlbÚinis, albanese, 알"니아, Albaneagh, albanês, arnãut, albanez, arnãuţesc, албанский, Alapania, albanski, albanac, albanés, alban, Arnavut, албанський, албанка, албанець, for Albanian; Arabies, arabishte, العربية, عربي, اللغة العربية, арабски език, арабски, 阿拉伯 , arabský, arabština, arábiskt, arabialainen, arabe, Arabysk, arabisch, αραβικόσ, ערבית, ערבי, arab, arabo, 아라비아, Arabish, arabir, arabic, арабский, Arapi, arapski, árabe, arabisk, าษาหรืออักขระอาหรับ, เกี่ยวกับอาระเบีย, arapça, arap, araplara özgü, арабська мова, арабський, tiếng A-rập, thuộc A-rập, for Arabic; asturiano, for asturian; aimará, aimara, for aymara; Baskies, Bask, واحد من الباسكيين, الباسكي, Vascu, жакетче, баскски език, баскски, баска, Basko, 巴斯克 , 巴斯克語 , baskiskur, baskiskt, Basque, Baskysk, baskisch, baske, baszk, Bascais, basco, バスに乗る , バスク , Bascish, Bascagh, basc, баскский, баск, baskijski jezik, baskijski, baskijac, vascuence, vasco, bask'lar veya bask dili ile ilgili, bask kabilesinden kimse, футерування, баскський, облицювання, блузка у талію, for Basque; Beier, 巴法力亚, bavarois, bayer, βαυάροσ, bajorországi, bajor, bavarese, Baveyragh, bávaro, bavarski, bavarac, bajersk, bavyera, bavyeralı, баварський, баварець, for Bavarian; μαυροπόδαροσ, for blackfoot; breizhat, 不列"尼人, Breton, Bretone, 브리타니 사람, Britaanagh, Bretonagh, Britaanish, bretão, Llydaweg, for Breton; Bulgaars, Bulgaar, bulgr, البلغارية, بلغاري, Búlgaru, български, български език, българин, Bulgaryan, 保 利亚, bulharský, bulgarer, bulgarskt, bulgarialainen, Bulgaarsk, bulgare, 'ούλγαρος, bullgar, bolgár, bulgaro, 불가리아, Bulgeyragh, Bulgeyrish, Bułgar, болгарский, болгарин, bugarski jezik, bugarski, bugarka, bugarin, búlgaro, bulgar, bulgaristan ile ilgili, болгарський, người Bun-ga-ri tiếng Bun-ga-ri, for Bulgarian; каталонски, каталонец, catal , katalánský, Katalaansk, katalanisch, katalane, katalanin, katalán, catalano, catalão, catalan, каталонский, Katalana, katalonski, katalonac, catalán, katalansk, katalonyalı kimse, katalonyalı, katalonya veya dili ile ilgili, katalonya lehçesi, for catalan; Sjinees, Chinees, kinez, الصينية, لغة الصين, صيني, الصيني أحد أبناء الصين, Chinu, китайски, Ininsik, 汉语, 中 , 漢 , 中國 , èínský, èínština, èíòan, kineser, kinesiskt, kinverskur, kiinalainen, Chinois, Sineesk, Chinesisch, Κινέζος, κινέζικα, κινέζικοσ, κινέζοσ, σινικόσ, kínai, Kínverji, Sínis, cinese, チフス菌 , チャイニーズ , 중국, Cina, Sheenish, Sheenagh, Hainamana, chines, Chińczyk, chinês, chinés, chinezesc, chinezeşte, chinezã, chinez, китайский, китаец, Saina, kineski jezik, kineski, chino, snesi, sneysi, kinesisk, çinli, çince, çin ile ilgili, çin, китаянка, китайська мова, китайський, кита"ць, for Chinese; ضارب للإصفرار, корнуолски език, корнуолски, 康沃", cornwallština, cornwallský, cornique, kornisch, aus cornwall, carnwalli nyelvjárás, corwaldi kelta, della cornovaglia, Kernowish, Kernowagh, Cornish, Cornagh, relativo cornualha, dialeto da cornualha, limbã din cornwall, din cornwall, корнуоллский язык, корнуоллский, stanovnik kornvala, kornvalski, córnico, från cornwall, kornisk, cornwall ile ilgili, корнуольський, корнійська мова, Cernyweg, for cornish; Kroaties, хърватски, Croasyano, 克羅地亞語 , chorvatský, kroatiskt, croate, Kroätysk, kroatisch, horvát, croato, croácio, croata, croat, хорватский, hrvatski, hrvat, de croacia, kroatisk, hırvat, хорватська мова, хорватський, хорватка, хорват, for Croatian; Tsjeggies, Tsjeg, çek, تشيكي, اللغة التشيكوسلوفاكية, التشيكي أحد أبناء تشيكوسلوفاكيا, Checu, чешки, Sekoslovakyano, 捷克語 , 捷克语, 捷克 , èesky, èeské, èech, èeština, èeský, èeška, tjekker, tjekke, Tsjech, Tsjechisch, tjekkiskt, t?ekkiläinen, tchèque, Tsjechysk, Tscheche, tschechisch, Tschechin, Τσέχος, cseh, ceco, 체", Sheckagh, Sheckish, Czech, chèc, ceh, чешский, češki jezik, čeh, češki, checo, tjeck, Çek, çekoslovakyalı kimse, çekoslovakyalı, çek dili, чех, чеська мова, чеський, чешка, người Séc tiếng Séc, for Czech; Deens, danisht, danishte, لغة الدانمركية, نوع كعك, دانماركي, датски език, датски, Daniko, 丹麦语, dánský, dánština, danskur, danskt, tanskalainen, danois, Deensk, dänisch, δανικόσ, δανόσ, עו'ת שמרים, " י, dán, danska, Danmhairgis, danese, 덴마크, Danvargish, Danvargagh, danes, dinamarquês, danez, датский, danski, danski jezik, danés, dansk, danimarkalı, danimarka dili, датський, датська мова, tiếng Đan-mạch, for Danish; Nederlands, Hollands, holandez, هولندي, اللغة الهولندية, холандски, немски език, холандски език, холандците, немски, Olandes, 菏蘭語 , 荷兰语, holandský, nizozemský, hollandsk, hollendskt, hollantilainen, néerlandais, Nederlânsk, holländisch, ολλανδικόσ, ολλανδόσ, holandisht, "ול "י, holland, hollenskur, Ollainnis, olandese, 네덜란", Belanda, Ollanish, Germaanish, Tatimana, nederlandsk, ulandes, hulandes, holandês, neerlandés, olandez, nemţesc, limba olandezã, german, голландский, holanđanin, u škripcu, holandski, holandés, bakratongo, holländsk, ชาวเนเธอร์แลน"์, เกี่ยวกับเนเธอร์แลน"์, รรยา, alman, eş, flemenkçe, holandaca, hollanda, karı, hollandalı, hollandalılara özgü olan, Hollandali, hollanda'ya ait, голландська мова, голландський, ngôn ngữ khó hiểu, "b xã", for Dutch; الاسبرانتو لغة دولية, Esperantu, есперанто, 世界语, esperanton, espéranto, εσπεράντο, אספר טו, eszperanto, eszperantó, エスキモー犬 , エスペラント , эсперанто, Eseperano, esperanto, Kiesperanto, าษาที่ประ"ิษฐ์ขึ้นเพื่อใช้เป็น าษากลางในการสื่อสารระหว่างประเทศ ซึ่งรากศัพท์ส่วนใหญ่, esperanto dili, tiếng etperantô, for esperanto; Ests, Est, estonez, من أبناء إستونيا, أستونيه, أستونى, Estoniu, естонски, естонец, естонски език, Estonyano, 爱沙尼亚, estonský, ester,estlænder, Estlander, Estlands, eesti, estonianskt, virolainen, estonien, Estysk, Este, Εσθονός, észt, estone, Estoinagh, estônio, estoniano, estónio, eston, эстонец, эстонский, Esotonia, estonski, estonac, estonski jezik, estonio, estländare, ชาวเอสโตเนีย, เกี่ยวกับประชาชน าษาหรือวั'นธรรมของเอสโตเนีย, าษาเอสโตเนีย, for Estonian; 费罗族, føroyskur, färöisk, färöbo, for Faeroese; Farsi, Parsi, persiskt, Fasi, for Farsi; Fins, finlandez, finlandishte, finlandisht, اللغة الفنلندية, فنلندية, فنلندي, фински език, фински, Pinlandino, 芬蘭語 , 芬兰语, finský, finskt, suomi, suomalainen, finnois, Finlandaise, finlandais, finnisch, φινλανδικόσ, פי י, finn, finnskur, finnska, finlandese, 핀란", Fynlannish, Fynlannagh, finlandês, finês, finlandezã, финский, Finisi, finski jezik, finski, finlandés, finés, finsk, fince, finlandiya'ya özgü, фінська мова, фінський, tiếng Phần-lan, for Finnish; فلمنكي, الفلمنكية لغة, الأرنب الفلمن |
