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Definition: Golgi Apparatus |
Golgi ApparatusNoun1. A net-like structure in the cytoplasm of animal cells (especially in those cells that produce secretions). Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
"Golgi Apparatus" is also the title of a popular Phish song, see Golgi Apparatus (song). The Golgi apparatus, named after its discoverer Camillo Golgi (1843-1926), is the central delivery system of all but the simplest eukaryotic cell. Its main function is to modify proteins synthesized by ribosomes.
Most of the transport vesicles that leave the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), specifically rough ER, are transported to the Golgi apparatus, where they are modified, sorted and shipped towards their final destination. The Golgi apparatus is present in all cellss but tends to be more prominent where there are a lot of substances, such as enzymes, being secreted.
Structure
The structure and internal function of the Golgi apparatus is quite complex and subject of scientific dispute. The Golgi apparatus consists, like the ER, of membranous structures. It is made up of a stack of flatterned cisternae and similar vesicles. Its cis face is the side facing the ER, while the trans face is directed towards the plasma membrane (Fig. 1). The cis and trans faces have different membranous compositions.
Process
The transport vesicles from the ER fuse with the cis face of the Golgi apparatus (to the cisternae) and empty their protein content into the Golgi lumen (the internal space of the Golgi apparatus). The proteins are then transported through the Golgi apparatus towards the trans face and are modified on their way. The transport mechanism itself is not yet clear; it could happen by cisternae progression (the movement of the apparatus itself, building new cisternae at the cis face and destroying them at the trans face) or by budding (small vesicles transport the proteins from one cisterna to the next, while the cisternae remain unchanged). Once the proteins reach the trans face, they are embedded into transport vesicles and brought to their final destinations.
An example is the formation of glycoproteins (used in cell membranes). Vesicles from the ER have proteins. In the Golgi Apparatus carbohydrates are attached to them creating glycoproteins. After they have been secreted in to the cell the vesicles fuse to the cell membrane and release their contents.
Figure 1 : Image of nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus.
(1) Nucleus. (2) Nuclear pore. (3) Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). (4) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER). (5) Ribosome on the rough ER. (6) Proteins that are transported. (7) Transport vesicle. (8) Golgi apparatus. (9) Cis face of the Golgi apparatus. (10) Trans face of the Golgi apparatus. (11) Cisternae of the Golgi apparatus.(12) Secretory vesicle. (13) Plasma membrane. (14) Expelled proteins. (15) Cytoplasm. (16) Extracellular space.
Other functions
As well as protein modification, Golgi apparatus is involved in the transport of lipids around the cell as well creating lysosomes - organelles involved in digestion.
See also : biology
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Golgi apparatus."
Synonym: Golgi ApparatusSynonym: dictyosome (n). (additional references) |
| Synonym by domain: golgi (medicine). |
Crosswords: Golgi Apparatus |
| Specialty definitions using "Golgi apparatus": cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein, Cell Polarity, Coat Protein Complex I, Coatomer Protein, COP-Coated Vesicles ♦ glycosylation ♦ rab1 GTP-Binding Proteins, rab2 GTP-Binding Protein ♦ Secretory Vesicles ♦ trans-Golgi Network. (references) |
| Domain | Title |
Books |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Although G protein synthesis is initiated on free ribosomes, completion of synthesis and glycosylation (processing of the glycoprotein), occurs in the endoplamsic reticulum (ER) and golgi apparatus. (references) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day |
golgi apparatus | 30 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Language | Translations for "Golgi apparatus"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Danish | Golginet (Golgi bodies, Golgi reticulum), Golgiapparat (Golgi bodies, Golgi reticulum). (various references) | |
Dutch | netwerk van Golgi (Golgi bodies, Golgi exterior apparatus, Golgi reticulum), inwendig netwerk van Golgi (Golgi bodies, Golgi interior apparatus, Golgi reticulum), inwendig Golgi-apparaat (Golgi bodies, Golgi interior apparatus, Golgi reticulum). (various references) | |
French | complexe de Golgi (Golgi bodies, Golgi complex, Golgi reticulum), appareil réticulé de Golgi (Golgi bodies, Golgi reticulum), appareil de Golgi (Golgi bodies, Golgi reticulum). (various references) | |
German | Golgi-Netz (Golgi bodies, Golgi reticulum), Golgi-Apparat (Golgi bodies, Golgi reticulum), Golgi Komplex (Golgi bodies, Golgi reticulum), Golgi Binnennetz (Golgi bodies, Golgi reticulum), Golgi Binnengerüst (Golgi bodies, Golgi reticulum), Endopegma (Golgi bodies, Golgi reticulum), Diktyosom (Golgi bodies, Golgi reticulum). (various references) | |
Greek | συσκευή του Golgi (Golgi bodies, Golgi reticulum), δίκτυο του Golgi (Golgi bodies, Golgi reticulum). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | olgigay apparatusay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | retículo de Golgi (Golgi bodies, Golgi reticulum), aparelho de Golgi (Golgi bodies, Golgi reticulum). (various references) | |
Spanish | aparato de Golgi (Golgi bodies, Golgi reticulum, Holmgren-Golgi canal). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-a-a-g-g-i-l-o-p-p-r-s-t-u" | |
-1 letter: appoggiaturas. | |
-2 letters: appoggiatura. | |
-5 letters: agitprops, apparatus, appraisal, palpators, pastorali, troupials. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
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