GENES

"GENES" is a plural of: gene.

Date "GENES" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1350. (references)

Health

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Crosswords: GENES

The bomb could go off and their mutant genes would form the same cliques. (Say Anything; writing credit: Cameron Crowe.)

Goes to show it's in the genes. (JFK; writing credit: Jim Marrs; Jim Garrison)

Cells repeat the process of degeneration and regeneration until one day they die, obliterating an entire set of memory and information, only genes remain. (K�kaku kid�tai; writing credit: Kazunori It�; Masamune Shirow)

Designer Genes (1990)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Books

• Genes VII (reference)

• Structure and expression of genes for parvalbumin and other EF-hand type CAp2+s--binding proteins (reference)

• Making Genes, Making Waves: A Social Activist in Science (reference)

• The Gene Bomb: Does Higher Education and Advanced Technology Accelerate the Selection of Genes for Learning Disorders, Adhd, Addictive, and Disruptiv (reference)

• The Immunoglobulin Genes in an Actinopterygian Fish, the Siberian Sturgeon (Acipenser Baeri (Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations, 466) (reference)

  (more book examples)

Periodicals

• Genes To Cells (reference)

  (more periodical examples)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

A technique called in situ hybridization shows whether a gene is actively expressed in cells, and also provides clues to the gene's function. This technique has helped identify activated oncogenes in cancer cells, and their normal counterparts in normal cells, in many different species. In this photograph, a labeled DNA segment (a known oncogene) has been put into a mouse oocyte, a cell that develops into a mature egg cell. The labeled DNA has paired with (or hybridized to) multiple copies of RNA in the mouse oocyte. The presence of this RNA (shown here as black dots inside the nucleus of the immature cell) shows that the normal cellular counterpart of the oncogene is active, suggesting that it is critical for normal germ cell development. Expression of genes is manifested by the production of RNA transcripts within cells. Hybridization histochemistry (in situ hybridization) permits localization of these transcripts with cellular or greater resolution. Furthermore, the relative amounts of transcripts detected within different tissues or the same tissues under different states (e.g., physiological or developmental) may be quantified. See artwork: GA-17. Credit: Unknown photographer/artist.

A bacteria mix is spread on an agar plate. From that plate, a recombinant clone containing a gene of interest is lifted. Then large amounts of the bacteria are grown and the plasma is harvested. The DNA is then extracted and used for studying genes, including oncogenes. Also in the same setting is a male, oriental scientist holding an agar plate. Credit: Bill Branson (photographer).

This illustration, with and without text, titled "Pinpointing The Genes In Cancer: Three Key Techniques" explains about 1) chromosome staining, 2)inherited markers and 3) DNA cloning. See artwork: GA-17. Credit: Jane Hurd (artist).

W. Heston giving an intravenous injection to mice. Heston, around 1944, studied pulmonary tumors and heredity in mice with an attempt to localize tumor susceptibility to specific genes. Credit: Unknown photographer/artist.

Pictured is an ear of corn, the kernels are varied in color. Researchers suggest that retroviruses have additional stretches of DNA that act as switches, turning on genes when inserted next to them in the cell's chromosomes. Similar activation of genes causes the variation in pigmentation of these corn kernels. Credit: Linda Bartlett (photographer).

Across the country, ARS scientists who work with wheat aim to make U.S.-grown grain better all the time. It's not an easy job. Techniques for successfully slipping new genes into crops like tomatoes or petunias typically don't work on wheat. P. Credit: USDA ARS News; photo by Scott Bauer..

ARS plant pathologist Scott Abney (left) and research assistant Tom Richards check the growth of soybeans inoculated with field isolates of Phytophthora sojae. Disease reactions involving specific genes help identify the 45 races of P. sojae that have been reported in the United States. P. Credit: USDA ARS News; photo by Scott Bauer..

Visiting scientist Sergiu Cealic from the Republic of Moldovia works on genetic mapping of eastern gamagrass. If the specific location of the genes that control aerenchyma can be found, those genes may eventually be transferred into corn. P. Credit: USDA ARS News; photo by Scott Bauer..

Technician Christine Berry checks on futuristic peach and apple "orchards". Each dish holds tiny experimental trees grown from lab-cultured cells to which researchers have given new genes. P. Credit: USDA ARS News; photo by Scott Bauer..

Outline of the subtractive RNA hybridization process to isolate and identify genes whose expression is increased by alcohol. The technique uses cultured cells (e.g., neural cells) grown in the presence or absence of alcohol. Credit: NIAA.

Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.

Health

Permanent changes to genes. (references)

Sometimes genes are altered or mutated. (references)

Genes, however, are not the whole story. (references)

Political Economy

AUSTRIA

New Technologies: Due to the alleged possibility of patenting genes, plants and animals, Austria is reluctant to implement the EU directive 98/44/EG on the protection of biotechnological inventions. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

Expression using "GENES": linked genes. Additional references.

Ending with "GENES": death-genes.

Danish

genpar (pair of genes), geners placering (localization of the genes), genetisk fremtoningspræg (specificity of genes), genners kemiske sammensætning (chemical composition of genes), lagring af genetiske produkter (storage of genes products), kortlægning af funktioner for gener (functional identification of genes), kontrolleret genekspression (controlled expression of genes), SOS-regulon (SOS genes, SOS regulator, SOS system), overfoerte geners ekspression (expression of transferred genes), accessoriske gener (accessory genes), polygen (multiple genes), reproducerbar ekspression af gener (reproducible expression of genes), ekspression af overfoerte gener (expression of transferred genes), dominans-modificerende gen (dominance modifying genes), deletion af gener (deletion of genes), allelomorfe gener (allelomorphic genes, amorphous genes), histokompatibilitetsgener (histocompatibility genes). (various references)

Dutch

genenpaar (pair of genes), genenlokalisatie (localization of the genes), expressie van overgebrachte genen (expression of transferred genes), allelogen (allelomorphic genes, amorphous genes), allelomorf (allelic, allelomorph, allelomorphic genes, amorphous genes), beheerste genenexpressie (controlled expression of genes), bepalen van de functie van een gen (functional identification of genes), chemische samenstelling van genen (chemical composition of genes), deletie (deletion, deletion of chromosomes, deletion of genes), allelisch gen (allelomorphic genes, amorphous genes), eiwit dat op afstand de expressie van virale genen afremt (protein acting from a distance to slow the expression of viral genes), synthese van twee soorten eiwitten die genetisch verschillend zijn (synthesis of proteins from two different sets of genes), lokalisatie van de genen (localization of the genes), polygeen (multiple genes, polygenic), reproduceerbare genexpressie (reproducible expression of genes), SOS-regulon (SOS genes, SOS regulator, SOS system), Duits-Nederlandse Aardappel Genenbank (German-Dutch Potato Genes Bank). (various references)

Finnish

geenipari (pair of genes), geenin paikantaminen (localization of the genes), SOS-reguloni (SOS genes, SOS regulator, SOS system), polygeeni (multiple genes). (various references)

French

gènes amorphes (allelomorphic genes, amorphous genes), gènes modificateurs de la dominance (dominance modifying genes), gènes d'histo-compatibilité (histocompatibility genes), compartimentation des produits gèniques (storage of genes products), composition chimique des gènes (chemical composition of genes), couple de gènes (pair of genes), délétion de gênes (deletion of genes), empreinte génétique (specificity of genes), empreintes génétiques (specificity of genes), expression contrôlée de gênes (controlled expression of genes), expression des gènes transférés (expression of transferred genes), expression reproductible des gènes (reproducible expression of genes), ambivalence des gènes (ambivalency of genes), famille multigénique (gene family, multiple genes), système d'injection des gènes protecteurs (injectable delivery system for protective genes), identification fonctionnelle des gènes (functional identification of genes), localisation des gènes (localization of the genes), modification directe des gènes individuels (directly altering single genes), polygène (multiple genes), protéine inhibant � distance l'expression des gènes viraux (protein acting from a distance to slow the expression of viral genes), régulon SOS (SOS genes), synthèse de protéines codées par deux séries de gènes (synthesis of proteins from two different sets of genes), famille de gènes (gene family, multiple genes). (various references)

German

Gene, Erbfaktoren. (various references)

Greek 

ρυθμισόνιο SOS (SOS genes, SOS regulator, SOS system), ρεγουλόνιο SOS (SOS genes, SOS regulator, SOS system), γονίδια τροποποιούντα την επικράτηση (dominance modifying genes), χημική σύνθεση των γονιδίων (chemical composition of genes), ζεύγος γονιδίων (pair of genes), ειδικότητα των γονιδίων (specificity of genes), εξάλειψη γονιδίων (deletion of genes), εντόπιση των γονιδίων (localization of the genes), ελεγχόμενη έκφραση γονιδίων (controlled expression of genes), λειτουργική αναγνώριση των γονιδίων (functional identification of genes), αναπαραγώγιμη έκφραση γονιδίων (reproducible expression of genes), αλληλόμορφα γονίδια (allelomorphic genes, amorphous genes). (various references)

Italian

geni di istocompatibilit� (histocompatibility genes), geni allelomorfi (allelomorphic genes, amorphous genes), sintesi di proteine da due differenti insiemi di geni (synthesis of proteins from two different sets of genes), allelomorfi (allelomorphic genes, amorphous genes), alterazione diretta di singoli geni (directly altering single genes), composizione chimica dei geni (chemical composition of genes), delezione di geni (deletion of genes), espressione controllata di geni (controlled expression of genes), espressione dei geni trasferiti (expression of transferred genes), immagazzinamento dei prodotti genetici (storage of genes products), alleli (allelomorphic genes, amorphous genes), regulone SOS (SOS genes, SOS regulator, SOS system), sistema di trasporto genico inoculabile (injectable delivery system for protective genes), individuazione funzionale dei geni (functional identification of genes), localizzazione dei geni (localization of the genes), paio di geni (pair of genes), poligeni (multiple genes), proteina che agisce a distanza rallentando l'espressione dei geni viriali (protein acting from a distance to slow the expression of viral genes), raggruppamento di geni (block of genes), espressione riproducibile di geni (reproducible expression of genes). (various references)

Pig Latin

enesgay

Portuguese

genes modificadores da dominância (dominance modifying genes), genes múltiplos (multiple genes), genes de histocompatibilidade (histocompatibility genes), genes amorfos (allelomorphic genes, amorphous genes), poligene (multiple genes), par de genes (pair of genes), localização dos genes (localization of the genes), identificação funcional de genes (functional identification of genes), especificidade genética (specificity of genes), composição quimica dos genes (chemical composition of genes), anulação de genes (deletion of genes). (various references)

Spanish

genes modificadores de la dominancia (dominance modifying genes), genes de histocompatibilidad (histocompatibility genes), genes amorfos (allelomorphic genes, amorphous genes), sistema de inyección de genes protectores (injectable delivery system for protective genes), sintesis de proteinas de dos grupos de genes diferentes (synthesis of proteins from two different sets of genes), regulón de operones SOS (SOS genes, SOS regulator, SOS system), proteina que actua a distancia amortiguando la expresión de los genes viricos (protein acting from a distance to slow the expression of viral genes), poligén (multiple genes), penetrancia de los genes (specificity of genes), par de genes (pair of genes), localización de los genes (localization of the genes), identificación funcional de genes (functional identification of genes), expresar genes de forma reproducible (reproducible expression of genes), deleción de genes (deletion of genes), composición química de los genes (chemical composition of genes). (various references)

Swedish

genpar (pair of genes), genlokalisering (localization of the genes). (various references)

Derivations

Words beginning with "GENES": geneses, genesis. (additional references)

Words ending with "GENES": agenes, antigenes, cymogenes, diphosgenes, gasogenes, gazogenes, indigenes, oncogenes, pangenes, phosgenes, plasmagenes, polygenes, supergenes, zymogenes. (additional references)

Words containing "GENES": abiogeneses, abiogenesis, ageneses, agenesia, agenesias, agenesis, anageneses, anagenesis, androgeneses, androgenesis, angiogeneses, angiogenesis, atherogeneses, atherogenesis, averageness, averagenesses, biogeneses, biogenesis, carcinogeneses, carcinogenesis, cladogeneses, cladogenesis, cyanogeneses, cyanogenesis, cyclogeneses, cyclogenesis, diageneses, diagenesis, dysgeneses, dysgenesis, electrogeneses, electrogenesis, embryogeneses, embryogenesis, epigeneses, epigenesis, frontogeneses, frontogenesis, gametogeneses, gametogenesis, gluconeogeneses, gluconeogenesis, glycogeneses, glycogenesis, gynogeneses, gynogenesis, histogeneses, histogenesis, hugeness, hugenesses, immunogeneses. (additional references)

Misspellings

"GENES" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: agenes, egnes, ganas, Ganeesh, ganos, gedes, geen, geena, geene, geeness, Geens, geeny, gejes, gelees, Gemes, Gence, geneas, gened, Geneen, geneis, Genel, gener, geners, genesa, genese, geness, geney, genics, genips, genis, genist, Geniza, geno, genset, gensym, genug, genuos, Genzen, getes, geues, geves, geyes, ghens, gienke, giness, ginse, Glenesk, gnee, gnes, goens, gonas, gones, gonez, gonnes, Gonnos, Gunes, guness, gynes, gynos. (additional references)

Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

-1 letter: engs, gees, gene, gens, seen, sene.

-2 letters: eng, ens, gee, gen, nee, see, seg, sen.

-3 letters: en, es, ne.

+1 letter: agenes, genets, genies, genres, gentes, greens, seeing, senega, signee, venges.

+2 letters: avenges, bungees, congees, dengues, encages, engages, engines, enrages, exogens, genders, geneses, genesis, genevas, genoise, genomes, genseng, gentles, genuses, gerents, germens, greisen, gyrenes, legends, lungees, maneges, menages, negates, neguses, pongees, regents, reneges, seeding, seeings, seeking, seeling, seeming, seeping, segment, senegas, signees, skeeing, soignee.