Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Gandhi |
GandhiNoun1. Daughter of Nehru who served as Prime Minister of India from 1966 to 1977 (1917-1984). 2. Political and spiritual leader during India's struggle with Great Britain for home rule; an advocate of passive resistance (1869-1948). Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "Gandhi" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1980. (references) |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Gandhi is the family name of a number of prominent 20th century Indian politicians and leaders. It is most commonly used to refer to Mohandas Gandhi (1869-1948), one of the leaders of India's independence movement, frequently called Mahatma Gandhi, and known to Indians as the Father of the Nation. It may also be used to refer to the Gandhi family, descendants of India's first prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehru and a major force in Indian politics. Some important members of this dynasty were:
Gandhi is also the name of a 1982 film, a dramatized biography of Mohandas Gandhi. See Gandhi (film).
- Indira Gandhi (1917-1984), daughter of Jawaharlal Nehru; no relation to Mohandas Gandhi; got last name Gandhi after marrying Feroze Gandhi
- Rajiv Gandhi (1944-1991), son of Indira Gandhi
- Sanjay Gandhi (1946-1980), son of Indira Gandhi
- Sonia Gandhi (born 1947?), widow of Rajiv Gandhi
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Gandhi."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Gandhi is a band formed by Page Hamilton (vocals/lead guitar), formerly of Helmet with Anthony Truglio (guitar), John Andrews (guitar/vocals) Christian Bongers (bass/vocals) and Matt Flynn (drums)
External Links:
Official WebsiteSource: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Gandhi (band)."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Gandhi, a 1982 film, is a dramatized biography of Mohandas Gandhi, the non-violent leader of the Indian revolt against the British colonial government. Mohandas Gandhi was played by Ben Kingsley, who won an Academy Award for his performance. The movie, directed by Richard Attenborough, also received seven other Academy Awards, including those for best picture and best director.
Credits
- Direction: Richard Attenborough
- Cast: Ben Kingsley, Candice Bergen, Edward Fox, John Gielgud, Trevor Howard, Martin Sheen, Athol Fugard, Amrish Puri, Roshan Seth, Ian Bannen, Nigel Hawthorne, Om Puri.
- Writing credits: John Briley
- Composer: Ravi Shankar
- Editor: John Bloom
- Cinematographer: Ronnie Taylor, Billy Williams.
- Producer: Richard Attenborough for Goldcrest Films International; Indo-British; International Film Investors; and National Film Development Corporation of India (NFDC)
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Gandhi (film)."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Mohandas Karamchand "Mahatma" (Sanskrit: "great soul") Gandhi (October 2, 1869 - January 30, 1948) was one of the founding fathers of the modern Indian state and an influential advocate of pacifism as a means of revolution. (See also: Mahatmas.)
He helped bring about India's independence from British rule, inspiring other colonial peoples to work for their own independence and ultimately dismantle the British Empire and replace it with the Commonwealth. Gandhi's principle of satyagraha, often roughly translated as "way of truth", has inspired generations of democratic and anti-racist activists including Martin Luther King, Jr and Nelson Mandela. He often stated his values were simple: truth (satya), and non-violence (ahimsa).
Early life
Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869, in Gujarat, India. He was the son of a local official and trained as a lawyer in London. He went to Durban , South Africa to practise law in 1893 and began his political career by lobbying against laws discriminating against Indians in South Africa. Gandhi was arrested on November 6, 1913 while leading a march of Indian miners in South Africa.Gandhi drew inspiration from the writings of Leo Tolstoy, who in the 1880s had undergone a profound conversion to a personal form of Christian anarchism. Gandhi translated Tolstoy's "Letter to a Hindu" which was written in 1908 in response to aggressive Indian nationalists, and the two corresponded until Tolstoy's death in 1910.
During World War I, Gandhi returned to India, where he campaigned for Indians to join the British Indian Army.
Gandhi and the movement for Indian independence
After the war, he became involved with the Indian National Congress and the movement for independence. He gained worldwide publicity through his policy of civil disobedience and the use of fasting as a form of protest, and was repeatedly imprisoned by the British authorities (for example on March 18, 1922 he was sentenced to six years in prison for civil disobedience but served only 2 years). One of his most striking actions was the salt march that started on March 12, 1930 and ended on April 5, when he led thousands of people to the sea to collect their own salt rather than pay the salt tax. On May 8, 1933 Gandhi began a fast that would last 21 days to protest British oppression in India. In Bombay, on March 3, 1939 Gandhi fasted again in protest of the autocratic rule in India.
World War II
Gandhi became even more vocal in his demand for independence during World War II, drafting a resolution calling for the British to Quit India, which soon sparked the largest movement for Indian independence ever, with mass arrests and violence on an unprecedented scale. During this time, he even hinted an end for his otherwise unwavering support of non-violence, saying that the 'ordered anarchy' around him was 'worse than real anarchy'. He was then arrested in Bombay by British forces on August 9, 1942 and was held for two years.
Gandhi and the Partition of India
Gandhi has great influence among the Hindu and Muslim communities of India. It is said that he ended communal riots through his mere presence. Gandhi was vehemently opposed to any plan which partitioned India into two separate countries (the plan was eventually adopted, creating a Hindu-dominated India, and a Muslim-dominated Pakistan). On the day of power transfer, Gandhi did not celebrate independence with the rest of India, but mourned partition alone in Calcutta instead. He was assassinated in New Delhi on January 30, 1948 by Naturam Godse, a Hindu radical who held him responsible for weakening the new government by insisting on a payment to Pakistan. Godse was later tried, convicted, and executed.
Gandhi in art
The most famous artistic depiction of his life is the film Gandhi, directed by Richard Attenborough and starring Ben Kingsley in the title role. Another film that deals with Gandhi's 21 years of life in South Africa is The Making of the Mahatma directed by Shyam Benegal and starring Rajit Kapur.There is a statue of Gandhi outside the Ferry Building in San Francisco
Gandhi and the Nobel Peace Prize
Curiously, M.K.Gandhi never received the Nobel Peace Prize, though he was nominated five times for the same between 1937 and 1948. Decades later however, the omission was publicly regretted by the Nobel Committee. When the Dalai Lama was awarded the Peace Prize in 1989, the chairman of the committee said that this was "in part a tribute to the memory of Mahatma Gandhi".
The official Nobel e-museum has an article discussing the issue. [1]
Albert Einstein famously said of Gandhi, "Generations to come, it may be, will scarcely believe that such a one as this ever in flesh and blood walked upon this earth."
External links
See also: Vinoba Bhave -- Subhas Chandra Bose -- Sarojini Naidu -- Mahadev Desai
- Wikiquote - Quotes by Mohandas Gandhi
- Mahatma Gandhi's Biography
- http://www.mkgandhi.org/
- http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761575565/Gandhi_Mohandas_Karamchand.html
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Mahatma Gandhi."
Synonyms: GandhiSynonyms: Indira Gandhi (n), Indira Nehru Gandhi (n), Mahatma Gandhi (n), Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (n), Mrs. Gandhi (n). (additional references) |
Crosswords: Gandhi |
| English words defined with "Gandhi": Gandhian ♦ Jawaharlal Nehru ♦ Nehru ♦ Satyagraha. (references) |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | I'd fight Gandhi. (Fight Club; writing credit: Jim Uhls) You look like Gandhi! (Bachelor Party; writing credit: Bob Israel; Neal Israel) If there's one thing Mahatma Gandhi stand for, its revenge (Clone High; writing credit: Damian Chapa) There was only one Gandhi. One anorexic little looney in a loin cloth and we lost an entire subcontinent (Water; writing credit: Dick Clement; Ian La Frenais) I pride myself on taking a punch and I'll gladly take another because I choose to live my life in the company of Gandhi and King (Twin Peaks; writing credit: G. William Jones) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Men of Our Time: Gandhi (1970) 1869-1948 Mahatma: Life of Gandhi (1968) Heroes & Tyrants of the 20th Century: Gandhi (1990) Gandhi (1982) Indira Gandhi (1975) | |
Song Titles | Gandhi II (performing artist: Weird Al Yankovic) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title |
Books | |
Theater & Movies | |
Music |
|
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Mahatma Gandhi seated on deck of the S.S. Rajputna with Madeline Slade lying on the deck. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Women of India carry on Gandhi salt campaign: wives of leaders active as violence grows. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | After the Quit-India movement by Mahatma Gandhi-- the kick India movement by Indira Gandhi! : India's honour buried in Rabat. Credit: Library of Congress. | ||
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
| Author | Quotation |
Mahatma Gandhi | You must be the change you wish to see in the world. |
| There are ninety-nine men who believe in honesty for every honest man. | |
| Live as if you were to die tomorrow. Learn as if you were to live forever. | |
| The difference between what we do and what we are capable of doing would suffice to solve most of the world's problems. | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Civil Liberties | India | They allege that several of those acquitted by the Supreme Court in May 1999 of involvement in the assassination of former Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi remain confined in these special camps. (references) |
Economic History | India | In December 1988, Prime Ministers Rajiv Gandhi and Benazir Bhutto concluded a pact not to attack each other's nuclear facilities. (references) |
India | In July 1972, Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and Pakistani President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto met in the Indian hill station of Simla. (references) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Dennis Miller | Gandhi was kind of a bastard in his teens. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| "Gandhi" is generally used as a noun (proper) -- approximately 97.72% of the time. "Gandhi" is used about 612 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (proper) | 97.72% | 598 | 10,682 |
| Noun (plural) | 1.79% | 11 | 106,044 |
| Adjective (general or positive) | 0.49% | 3 | 202,518 |
| Total | 100.00% | 612 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes the usage of "Gandhi" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified. |
| Name | Usage/Gender | Usage per 100 million Persons | Rank in USA |
| Gandhi | Last name | 1,000 | 16,936 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits. | |||
Expressions using "Gandhi": Indira Gandhi ♦ Indira Nehru Gandhi ♦ Mahatma Gandhi ♦ Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi ♦ Mrs. Gandhi. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "Gandhi": gandhi-diet. | |
Ending with "Gandhi": nehru-gandhi. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "Gandhi"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Chinese | ç"˜åœ° . (various references) | |
Pig Latin | andhigay.(various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
Misspellings | |
"Gandhi" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Gaidhlig, Gainmh, Ganchev, Gandais, gandhar, Gandhiji, Gandhy, Gandia, Gapdh, Gendje, Ginchy, Ianthi, Mandji. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
Direct Anagrams: hading. | |
| Words within the letters "a-d-g-h-i-n" | |
-2 letters: agin, dang, ding, gadi, gain, hand, hang, hind, nigh. | |
-3 letters: aid, ain, and, ani, dag, dah, dig, din, gad, gan, ghi, gid, gin, had, hag, hid, hin, nag, nah. | |
-4 letters: ad, ag, ah, ai, an, ha, hi, id, in, na. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-d-g-h-i-n" | |
+1 letter: dashing, handing, heading, shading. | |
+2 letters: adhering, deashing, handgrip, handling, hangbird, headings, highland, hoarding, shadings. | |
+3 letters: anguished, beheading, chagrined, coheading, dashingly, detaching, dragonish, garnished, hagridden, hagriding, handgrips, handlings, hangbirds, hardening, hazarding, heralding, highlands, hoardings, hydrating, rawhiding, shadowing, threading, unhanding. | |
+4 letters: adhibiting, beheadings, chagrinned, debauching, draughting, garnisheed, grandchild, handseling, handspring, hardenings, hardwiring, headlining, headspring, highhanded, highlander, holidaying, husbanding, ingathered, languished, longhaired, nightshade, nightstand, rehandling, shanghaied, springhead, subheading, uphoarding. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Quotations: Familiar | 9. Quotations: Non-fiction 10. Quotations: Spoken 11. Usage Frequency 12. Names: Frequency | 13. Expressions 14. Expressions: Internet 15. Translations: Modern 16. Derivations | 17. Anagrams 18. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
