Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Gaius |
GaiusNoun1. Roman Emperor who succeeded Tiberius and whose uncontrolled passions resulted in manifest insanity; noted for his cruelty and tyranny; was assassinated (12-41). Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
"Gaius" is a name that signifies or is derived from: "lord", "an earthly man". |
Date "Gaius" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1651. (references) |
"Gaius" is a common misspelling or typo for: aguish, gauss, genius, genus. |
| Domain | Definitions |
Bible | Gaius (1.) A Macedonian, Paul's fellow-traveller, and his host at Corinth when he wrote his Epistle to the Romans (16:23). He with his household were baptized by Paul (1 Cor. 1:14). During a heathen outbreak against Paul at Ephesus the mob seized Gaius and Aristarchus because they could not find Paul, and rushed with them into the theatre. Some have identified this Gaius with No. (2). (2.) A man of Derbe who accompanied Paul into Asia on his last journey to Jerusalem (3.) A Christain of Asia Minor to whom John addressed his third epistle (3 John 1:1). Source: Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
From internal evidence in his works it may be gathered that he flourished in the reigns of the emperors Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, Marcus Aurelius and Commodus. His works were thus composed between the years 130 and 180, at the time when the Roman empire was most prosperous, and its government the best. Most probably Gaius lived in some provincial town, and hence we find no contemporary notices of his life or works. After his death, however, his writings were recognized as of great authority, and the emperor Valentinian named him, along with Papinian, Ulpian, Modestinus and Paulus, as one of the five jurists whose opinions were to be followed by judicial officers in deciding cases. The works of these jurists accordingly became most important sources of Roman law.
Besides the Institutes, which are a complete exposition of the elements of Roman law, Gaius was the author of a treatise on the Edicts of the Magistrates, of Commentaries on the Twelve Tables, and on the important Lex Papia Poppaea, and several other works. His interest in the antiquities of Roman law is apparent, and for this reason his work is most valuable to the historian of early institutions. In the disputes between the two schools of Roman jurists he generally attached himself to that of the Sabinians, who were said to be followers of Ateius Capito, of whose life we have some account in the Annals of Tacitus, and to advocate a strict adherence as far as possible to ancient rules, and to resist innovation. Many quotations from the works of Gaius occur in the Digest of Justinian, and so acquired a permanent place in the system of Roman law; while a comparison of the Institutes of Justinian with those of Gaius shows that the whole method and arrangement of the later work were copied from that of the earlier, and very numerous passages are word for word the same. Probably, for the greater part of the period of three centuries which elapsed between Gaius and Justinian, the Institutes of the former had been the familiar textbook of all students of Roman law.
Unfortunately the work was lost to modern scholars, until, in 1816, a manuscript was discovered by BG Niebuhr in the chapter library of Verona, in which certain of the works of St Jerome were written over some earlier writings, which proved to be the lost work of Gaius. The greater part of the palimpsest has, however, been deciphered and the text is now fairly complete. This discovery has thrown a flood of light on portions of the history of Roman law which had previously been most obscure. Much of the historical information given by Gaius is wanting in the compilations of Justinian, and, in particular, the account of the ancient forms of procedure in actions. In these forms can be traced "survivals" from the most primitive times, which provide the science of comparative law with valuable illustrations, which may explain the strange forms of legal procedure found in other early systems.
Another circumstance which renders the work of Gaius more interesting to the historical student than that of Justinian, is that Gaius lived at a time when actions were tried by the system of formulae, or formal directions given by the praetor before whom the case first came, to the judex to whom he referred it. Without a knowledge of the terms of these formulae it is impossible to solve the most interesting question in the history of Roman law, and show how the rigid rules peculiar to the ancient law of Rome were modified by what has been called the equitable jurisdiction of the praetors, and made applicable to new conditions, and brought into harmony with the notions and the needs of a more developed society. It is clear from evidence of Gaius that this result was obtained, not by an independent set of courts administering, as in England previous to the Judicature Acts, a system different from that of the ordinary courts, but by the manipulation of the formulae. In the time of Justinian the work was complete, and the formulary system had disappeared.
The Institutes of Gaius are divided into four books--the first treating of persons and the differences of the status they may occupy in the eye of the law; the second-of things, and the modes in which rights over them may be acquired, including the law relating to wills; the third of intestate succession and of obligations; the fourth of actions and their forms.
There are several carefully prepared editions of the Institutes, starting from that of Göschen (1820), down to that of Studemund and Kruger (1900). The most complete English edition is that of E Poste, which includes beside the text an English translation and copious commentary (1885). A comparison of the early forms of actions mentioned by Gaius with those used by other primitive societies will be found in Sir H Maine's Early Institutions, cap. 9. For further information see M Glasson, Etude sur Gaius et sur le jus respondendi.
This entry was originally from the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Gaius."
Synonyms: GaiusSynonyms: Caligula (n), Gaius Caesar (n). (additional references) |
Crosswords: Gaius |
| English words defined with "Gaius": Flaminian Way ♦ Gaius Caesar, Gaius Cassius Longinus, Gaius Falminius, Gaius Julius Caesar, Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus, Gaius Octavianus, Gaius Valerius Catullus. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "Gaius": Institutes ♦ John, Third Epistle of. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Gaius" is also a word in the following language with English translations in parentheses. Latin (Gaius, Roman praenomen). |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | Or have such splendid mistresses, Gaius. (Gladiator; writing credit: David Franzoni) Although I have taken the form of Gaius Caligula, I am all men as I am no man and therefore I am a God. (Caligola; writing credit: Gore Vidal) I will make you my successor, Gaius Caligula. (I, Claudius; writing credit: Robert Graves; Jack Pulman) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
Books |
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Theater & Movies | |||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Author | Quotation |
Gaius Julius Caesar | Men willingly believe what they wish. |
Gaius Petronius | My heart was in my mouth. |
| One good turn deserves another. | |
| He has joined the great majority. | |
| Beauty and wisdom are rarely conjoined. | |
Gaius Valerius Catullus | But these things are past and gone. |
| Now spring brings back balmy warmth. | |
| But you, Catullus, be resolved and firm. | |
| Poor Catullus, you should cease your folly. | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| "Gaius" is generally used as a noun (proper) -- approximately 86.67% of the time. "Gaius" is used about 30 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (proper) | 86.67% | 26 | 68,323 |
| Noun (plural) | 13.33% | 4 | 175,879 |
| Total | 100.00% | 30 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| "Gaius" is a name that signifies or is derived from: "lord", "an earthly man". | |||
| The following table summarizes names related to "Gaius." | |||
| Name | Gender | Language | Related Name |
| Caius | Male | Ancient Roman | Gaius |
| Gaius | N/A | Biblical | N/A |
| Kai | Male | Finnish | Gaius |
| Kai | Male | German | Gaius |
| Kai | Male | Scandinavian | Gaius |
| Kay | Male | Welsh Mythology | Gaius |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
Expressions using "Gaius": Gaius Caesar ♦ Gaius Cassius Longinus ♦ Gaius Falminius ♦ Gaius Julius Caesar ♦ Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ♦ Gaius Octavianus ♦ Gaius Valerius Catullus. Additional references. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day |
gaius julius caesar | 39 |
marius gaius | 25 |
gaius gracchus | 5 |
gaius | 5 |
caesar gaius | 4 |
caligula gaius | 4 |
gaius julius caesar picture | 3 |
gaius valerius catullus | 2 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Language | Translations for "gaius"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Pig Latin | aiusgay.(various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | gai, gaio, gaius. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Language | Date | Source | Romans Chapter 16, Verse 23 |
| Greek (transliterated) | 250 BC | Septuagint | Aspazetai umaV gaioV o xenoV mou kai thV ekklhsiaV olhV aspazetai umaV erastoV o oikonomoV thV polewV kai kouartoV o adelfoV |
| Latin | 405 | Vulgate | Salutat vos Gaius hospes meus et universae ecclesiae salutat vos Erastus arcarius civitatis et Quartus frater |
| Middle English | 1395 | Wyclif | Gayus, myn oost, gretith you wel, and al the chirche. Erastus, tresorere of the city, gretith you wel, and Quartus brother. |
| Renaissance English | 1526 | Tyndale | Gaius myne hoste and the hoste of all the congregacions saluteth you. Erastus the chamberlayne of ye cite saluteth you. And Quartus a brother saluteth you. |
| Jacobean English | 1611 | King James | Gaius mine host, and of the whole church, saluteth you. Erastus the chamberlain of the city saluteth you, and Quartus a brother. |
| Victorian English | 1833 | Webster | Gaius my host, and of the whole church, saluteth you. Erastus the chamberlain of the city saluteth you, and Quartus a brother. |
| Basic English | 1964 | Ogden | Gaius, with whom I am living, whose house is open to all the church, sends his love, so does Erastus, the manager of the accounts of the town, and Quartus, the brother. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Romans Chapter 16, Verse 23 |
| Bulgarian | Благодат и мир да бъде на вас от Бога нашия Отец и от "оспода Исуса Христа |
| Cebuano | Si Gayo, ang tagbalay nga nagaabiabi kanako ug sa tibuok iglesia, nangomusta kaninyo. Nangomusta kaninyo sila si Erasto, nga mamahandi sa siyudad, ug si Cuarto nga atong igsoon. |
| Chinese | 那 接 待 我 、 也 接 待 全 教 會 的 該 猶 、 問 們 安 。 |
| Croatian | Pozdravlja vas Gaj, gostoprimac moj i cijele Crkve. Pozdravlja vas Erast, gradski blagajnik, i brat Kvart. |
| Danish | Kajus, min og den hele Menigheds Vært, hilser eder. Erastus, Stadens Rentemester, hilser eder, og Broderen Kvartus. |
| Dutch | U groet Gajus, de huiswaard van mij en van de gehele Gemeente. U groet Erastus, de rentmeester der stad, en de broeder Quartus. |
| Finnish | Gaius, minun ja koko seurakunnan majanantaja, tervehtii teitä. Erastus, kaupungin rahainhoitaja, ja veli Kvartus tervehtivät teitä. |
| French | Gaïus, mon hôte et celui de toute l`Église, vous salue. Éraste, le trésorier de la ville, vous salue, ainsi que le frère Quartus. |
| German | Es grüßt euch Gajus, mein und der ganzen Gemeinde Wirt. Es grüßt euch Erastus, der Stadt Rentmeister, und Quartus, der Bruder. |
| Haitian Creole | Gayis voye bonjou pou nou. Se lakay li mwen fè ladesant. Epi se la tou tout legliz la fè reyinyon. Eras, trezorye nan lavil la, ansanm ak frè Katis voye di nou bonjou. |
| Hungarian | Köszönt titeket Gájus, a ki nékem és az egész gyülekezetnek gazdája. Köszönt titeket Erástus a városnak kincstartója, és Kvártus atyafi. |
| Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari | Gayus mengirim salam kepadamu. Saya menumpang di rumahnya dan jemaat kami juga berbakti di situ. Erastus, kepala keuangan kota, mengirim salamnya kepadamu. Begitu juga saudara kita Kwartus. |
| Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama | Dan salam kepadamu daripada Gayus, yang memberi aku dan segenap sidang jemaat itu pertumpangan. Dan salam kepadamu daripada Erastus, bendahara negeri, dan daripada Kuartus, saudara itu. |
| Italian | Vi saluta Gaio, che ospita me e tutta la comunit . Vi salutano Erasto, tesoriere della citt , e il fratello Quarto. |
| Korean | 나 와 온 교 회 식 주 인 가 이 오 도 너 희 에 게 문 안 하 이 성 의 재 무 에 라 스 도 와 형 구 아 도 도 너 희 에 게 문 안 하 느 니 라 |
| Latvian | Jûs sveicina Gajs, mans viesis, un visa draudze. Jûs sveicina Erasts, pilsçtas mantzinis, un brâlis Kvarts. |
| Maori | Tenei te oha atu nei ki a koutou a Kaiu te kaiatawhai oku, o te hahi katoa. Tenei te oha atu nei a Eratu, kaitiaki o nga mea o te pa, raua ko te teina, ko Kuaratu. |
| Modern Greek | Σας ασπαζεται ο "αιος ο φιλοξενων εμε και την εκκλησιαν ολην. Σας ασπαζεται Εραστος ο οικονομος της πολεως και Κουαρτος ο αδελφος. |
| Norwegian | Gajus, min og hele menighetens vert, hilser eder. Erastus, byens regnskapsfører, og broderen Kvartus hilser eder. |
| Portuguese | Saúda-vos Gaio, hospedeiro meu e de toda a igreja. Saúda-vos Erasto, tesoureiro da cidade, e também o irmão Quarto. |
| Rumanian | Gaiu, gazda mea wi a kntregei Biserici, vq trimete sqnqtate. -Erast, vistiernicul cetqyii, vq trimete sqnqtate; tot awa wi fratele Cuart. |
| Russian | рТЙЧЕФУФЧХЕФ ЧБУ зБЙК, УФТБООП ТЙЙНЕ" НПК Й ЧУЕК "ЕТЛЧЙ. рТЙЧЕФУФЧХЕФ ЧБУ еТБУФ, ЗПТП"УЛПК ЛБЪОПИТБОЙФЕМШ, Й 'ТБФ лЧБТФ. |
| Shuar | Káyusha amikmaatmarme. Ni jeen pujaji tura juisha Ashí Yus-shuar irunainiawai. Erastusha ju pepru Kuítrin Wáinniuiti. Niisha ii yachi Kuártujai amikmaatmarme. |
| Spanish | Os saluda Gayo, hospedador mío y de toda la iglesia. Os saludan Erasto, tesorero de la ciudad, y el hermano Cuarto. |
| Swahili | Gayo, mwenyeji wangu, pamoja na kanisa lote linalokutana kwake, anawasalimu. Erasto, mweka hazina wa mji huu, pamoja na Kwarto, wanawasalimu.*fb* |
| Swedish | Gajus, min och hela församlingens värd, hälsar eder. Erastus, stadens kamrerare, och brodern Kvartus hälsar eder. |
| Thai | กายอัสเจ้าของบ้านผู้เลี้ยง"ูข้าพเจ้า และเป็นผู้บำรุงคริสตจักรทั้งหม"ฝากความคิ"ถึงมายังท่าน เอรัสทัสสมุหบัญชีของเมือง และควารทัสซึ่งเป็นพี่น้องฝากความคิ"ถึงมายังท่านทั้งหลาย |
| Ukrainian | 'іта" вас "ай, гостинний для мене й цілої Церкви. 'іта" вас міський доморядник Ераст і брат Кварт. |
| Uma | Gayus wo'o mpakatu tabe-na. Aku' Paulus mo'oha' hi tomi-na, pai' topepangala' hi Pue' Yesus hi ngata toi jau morumpu hi rei. Erastus, topoparenta to ngkakamu doi ngata, pai' ompi' -ta Kwartus wo'o mpakatu tabe-ra. (( |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-g-i-s-u" | |
-2 letters: ais, gas, sag, sau. | |
-3 letters: ag, ai, as, is, si, us. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-g-i-s-u" | |
+1 letter: aguish. | |
+2 letters: abusing, agoutis, amusing, anguish, audings, augites, causing, gaudies, giaours, guaiacs, guanins, guineas, guisard, guitars, iguanas, kiaughs, ligulas, lugsail, nilgaus, pausing, quaighs, saucing. | |
+3 letters: accusing, agouties, aguishly, anginous, argufies, arousing, assuming, assuring, auguries, avulsing, bigamous, bubingas, digamous, eugenias, eulogias, fatigues, galliums, gambusia, garigues, gaudiest, gauziest, gouramis, gracious, guanines, guaranis, guisards, languish, linguals, lugsails, misgauge, misusage, nilghaus, ouguiyas, outgains, pagurids, piraguas, quashing, saluting, sanguine, sastrugi, sauteing, shauling, singular, snafuing, squaring, sugarier, sugaring, surgical, uncasing, unitages, unsaying, vicugnas, zastrugi. | |
+4 letters: adjusting, aiguilles, ambiguous, ambushing, amusingly, anguished, anguishes, anilingus, argufiers, assuaging, autogiros, callusing, campusing, capsuling, carousing, caucusing, caulkings, causalgia, causalgic, cousinage, crusading, dialogues, equipages, figurants, fruitages, fugacious, fumigants, fumigates, fustigate, gambusias, gauderies, gaudiness, gauntries, geraniums, gladiolus, gouramies, guaiacols, guaiacums, guaiocums, guanidins, guanosine, guaranies, guardians, guerillas, guidances, guideways, guildsman, guitarist, gustation, gymnasium, ignoramus, iguanians, isogamous, kilogauss, laughings, ligatures, magnesium, measuring, misgauged, misgauges, mistaught, misusages, mucilages, mulligans, oligurias, origanums, outasking, pagurians, pasturing, pulsating, pupilages, quaggiest, quagmires, rigaudons, sagacious, sanguines, savouring, signature, singulars, sinuating, situating, squadding, squalling, squashing, squatting, squawking, squeaking, squealing, sublating, subwaying, sugariest, sulfating, summating, surfacing, surnaming, surtaxing, umangites, umpirages, unamusing, unceasing, unlashing, unmasking, unsealing, unseaming, unseating, unsparing, unstating, upcasting, upraising, upscaling, upsoaring, upstaging, upstaring, vagarious, vaultings, vulgarise, vulgarism, ziggurats. | |
+5 letters: accusingly, anguishing, antibusing, aquilegias, armigerous, ascogonium, assaulting, astounding, aubergines, audiograms, ausforming, autogamies, autogenies, autolysing, autopsying, autosexing, bigamously, bilinguals, burglaries, calcifuges, caliginous, callousing, caucussing, causalgias, ciguateras, coassuming, contagious, cousinages, cuirassing, curtilages, degaussing, desugaring, diapausing, disabusing, discourage, dissuading, distraught, disvaluing, ensanguine, equalising, exhausting, fireguards, flagitious, fugacities, fumigators, fustigated, fustigates, gallinules, garnitures, gaucheries, gelatinous, germaniums, glutamines, glycosuria, graciously, gradualism, gradualist, gramineous, granulites, granulosis, graticules, gratitudes, gratuities, gratuitous, gregarious, guanidines, guanosines, guaranties, guardrails, guerrillas, guildhalls, guitarfish, guitarists, gustations, guttations, gymnasiums, haughtiest, humanising, husbanding, idealogues, iguanodons, inaugurals, insulating, irregulars, kurbashing, languished, languisher, languishes, lanuginous, lifeguards, lustrating, magnesiums, magnitudes, migrainous, misgauging, misvaluing, multistage, naughtiest, nauseating, neuralgias, neuroglias, oleaginous, osculating, outfasting, outgassing, outlasting, outpassing, outraising, outsailing, outshaming, outskating, outsoaring, outstaring, outstating, outstaying, outtasking, outwasting, persuading, pleasuring, pugnacious, pupillages, purchasing, purgations, purgatives, quarryings, reaccusing, rearousing, reassuming, reassuring, resaluting, ruralising, salmagundi, sanguinary, sanguinely, sanguinity, saturating, sauntering, seaborgium, seguidilla, sialagogue, signatures, simulating, singularly, sporangium, squabbling, staunching, subglacial, subheading, subleasing, sublingual, subpenaing, sufflating, suffragist, sulphating, sunbathing, supergiant, supinating, surceasing, surfacings, surgically, surpassing, sustaining, transuding, treasuring, trialogues, unassigned, unassuming, unclasping, ungracious, unleashing, unpleasing, unsaddling, unsnapping, unsnarling, unspeaking, unstacking, unswathing, unswearing, upstanding, upstarting, urbanising, vaginismus, viraginous, vulgarians, vulgarised, vulgarises, vulgarisms, vulgarizes, waveguides. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)47 61 69 75 73 |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references)--. .- .. ..- ... |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01000111 01100001 01101001 01110101 01110011 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)G a i u s |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0047 0061 0069 0075 0073 |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
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Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)4167758785 |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Quotations: Familiar 8. Usage Frequency | 9. Names: Derived from 10. Expressions 11. Expressions: Internet 12. Translations: Modern | 13. Translations: Ancient 14. Bible Trace 15. Anagrams 16. Orthography | 17. Bibliography |
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