Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Friction |
FrictionNoun1. A state of conflict between persons. 2. The resistance encountered when one body is moved in contact with another. 3. Effort expended in rubbing one object against another. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "friction" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1747. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Health | Surface resistance to the relative motion of one body against the rubbing, sliding, rolling, or flowing of another with which it is in contact. (references) |
Mechanical Engineering | A resistance to motion caused by contact with a surface. Source: European Union. (references) |
Mining | Mechanical resistance to the relative motion of contiguous bodies or of abody and a medium. (references) |
Physics | Mechanical resistive force offered by one medium or body to the relative motion of another medium or body in contact with the first(BTM). Source: European Union. (references) |
| The resistive forces resulting from two bodies sliding relative to one another. Source: European Union. (references) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The friction-force is a function of the force pressing the surfaces together and the friction coefficient of the material interface. The initial force needed to overcome friction (static friction, or stiction, written μs) and start movement is greater than or equal to the force needed to sustain a movement, known as kinetic friction (μk). Since the total amount of friction depends on the path an object takes, friction is not a conservative force.
Physical deformation is a consequence of friction-force. Whereas this can be beneficial, as in polishing, it is often a problem, as the materials are worn away, and no longer hold the specified tolerances.
The energy used to overcome friction turns into heat. The work of movement will translate into deformation and heat that in the long run may affect the material's specification and the friction coefficient itself. Friction can cause solid materials to melt.
Friction may occur between solids, gases and fluids or any combination thereof. See aerodynamics and hydrodynamics. Also, friction occurs inside deforming objects.
A common way to reduce friction is by using a lubricant that is placed between the two surfaces, often radically lessening the percentage of the work that is turned into heat, which is the coefficient of friction. The science of friction and lubrication is called tribology.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Friction."
Synonyms: FrictionSynonyms: clash (n), detrition (n), rubbing (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Counteraction | Noun: counteraction, opposition; contrariety; antagonism, polarity; clashing; Verb: collision, interference, inhibition, resistance, renitency, friction; reaction; retroaction; (recoil); counterblast; neutralization; (compensation); vis inertiae; check; (hindrance). |
Facility | Manageable, wieldy; towardly, tractable; submissive; yielding, ductile; suant; pliant; (soft); glib, slippery; smooth; on friction wheels, on velvet. |
Friction | Rolling friction, sliding friction, starting friction. |
Noun: friction, attrition; rubbing, abrasion, scraping. Verb: confrication, detrition, contrition, affriction, abrasion, arrosion, limature, frication, rub; elbow grease; rosin; massage; roughness . | |
Power | Pressure; conductivity; elasticity; gravity, electricity, magnetism, galvanism, voltaic electricity, voltaism, electromagnetism; atomic power, nuclear power, thermonuclear power; fuel cell; hydraulic power, water power, hydroelectric power; solar power, solar energy, solar panels; tidal power; wind power; attraction; vis inertiae, vis mortua, vis viva; potential energy, dynamic energy; dynamic friction, dynamic suction; live circuit, live rail, live wire. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Friction |
| English words defined with "friction": adhesive friction ♦ cone friction clutch ♦ Friction balls, Friction brake, friction clutch, Friction drop hammer, Friction fuze, Friction machine, friction match, Friction meter, Friction rollers ♦ Hydrodynamic friction ♦ Sliding friction, slip friction clutch. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "friction": dynamical friction ♦ friction burns, friction factor, friction feed, Friction Head ♦ pipe friction, pneumatic friction clutch ♦ skin friction ♦ vincent friction screw press. (references) |
| Etymologies containing "friction": Affriction ♦ Chrism ♦ Dentifrice ♦ Frication, Ftiction. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Friction" is also a word in the following language with English translations in parentheses. French (chafing, friction, rub, rub down). |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | Friction, friction, friction, orgasm. (Ally McBeal; writing credit: Henri Vernes) Friction. (Ally McBeal; writing credit: Henri Vernes) | |
Lyrics | And I'm down to get the friction on (Baby Got Back; performing artist: SIR MIX-A-LOT) | |
Clever | The gem cannot be polished without friction, nor man perfected without trials. (references; author: Chinese Proverb) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Science Friction (1970) Wheel Meets Friction (1998) Science Friction (1986) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References |
| ||
Books | |||
Periodicals |
| ||
Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
| ||
High Tech |
| ||
Consumer Goods | |||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit |  | Speaker and farmers at meeting called to consider marketing and auctioning problems of the strawberry growers. There was much friction between the various organizations over the auctioning and selling of the berries. Independence, Louisiana. Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
| Author | Quotation |
Chinese Proverb | The gem cannot be polished without friction, nor man perfected without trials. |
George Eliot | Iteration, like friction, is likely to generate heat instead of progress. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Title | Author | Quote |
Grapes of Wrath | Steinbeck, John | The city dump had been visited for wire, every tool box had contributed friction tape. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | To ease this pain, a doctor may prescribe eye drops and ointments to reduce the friction on the eroded cornea. (references) | |
RMDs may be caused by overexertion, incorrect posture, muscle fatigue, compression of nerves or tissue, too many uninterrupted repetitions of an activity or motion, or friction caused by an unnatural or awkward motion such as twisting the arm or wrist. (references) | ||
Business | Starter batteries are increasingly maintenance-free, brake friction materials are more durable and application-specific than before, and tires and exhaust parts are showing considerable improvements in life spans (as are shock absorbers, spark plugs and glow plugs). (references) | |
Civil Liberties | Mongolia | Some friction between missionary groups and citizens developed because this assistance was mixed with proselytizing activities. (references) |
China | In Hebei, where perhaps half of the country's Catholics reside, friction between unofficial Catholics and local authorities continued. (references) | |
India | The Government is empowered to ban a religious organization if it has violated the FCRA, has provoked intercommunity friction, or has been involved in terrorism or sedition. (references) | |
Economic History | Australia | Trade issues sometimes generate bilateral friction. (references) |
Indonesia | There are, nonetheless, friction points in the bilateral political relationship. (references) | |
Belgium | Bilaterally, there are few points of friction with the U.S. in the trade and economic area. (references) | |
Minorities | Ethiopia | By most accounts, the military is an ethnically diverse organization with very little friction between the various groups represented, at least in the lower ranks. (references) |
Political Economy | Canada | Despite the occasional friction over trade issues, the bilateral relationship, probably the most intensive and complex in the world, is positive and highly cooperative. (references) |
UNITED KINGDOM | As the European Union (EU) continues to integrate, instances of friction have arisen between the UK and other member states due to the UK's more flexible economic environment. (references) | |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | FIDDLE, n. An instrument to tickle human ears by friction of a horse's tail on the entrails of a cat. To Rome said Nero: "If to smoke you turn I shall not cease to fiddle while you burn." To Nero Rome replied: "Pray do your worst, 'Tis my excuse that you were fiddling first." Orm Pludge |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Rush Limbaugh | You see, there has been this perception over the years that Christians and Jews are at odds, with great cultural, political, and theological friction. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
William H. Taft | 1909-1913 | I sincerely hope that we may continue to minimize the evils likely to arise from such immigration without unnecessary friction and by mutual concessions between self-respecting governments. |
Warren G. Harding | 1921-1923 | But we are mindful today as never before of the friction of modern industrialism, and we must learn its causes and reduce its evil consequences by sober and tested methods. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Friction" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.58% of the time. "Friction" is used about 472 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 99.58% | 470 | 12,586 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.42% | 2 | 245,945 |
| Total | 100.00% | 472 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "friction": adhesive friction ♦ Angle of friction ♦ coefficient of friction ♦ cone friction clutch ♦ Friction balls ♦ friction blocks ♦ Friction brake ♦ friction burns ♦ Friction chocks ♦ friction clutch ♦ friction coefficient ♦ Friction composition ♦ friction condition ♦ Friction coupling ♦ friction drag ♦ friction drive ♦ Friction drop hammer ♦ friction feed ♦ Friction fuze ♦ Friction gear ♦ Friction machine ♦ friction match ♦ Friction meter ♦ friction oxydation ♦ Friction powder ♦ Friction primer ♦ friction ring ♦ Friction rollers ♦ friction tape ♦ Friction tube ♦ Friction wheel ♦ friction wheels ♦ Hydrodynamic friction ♦ on friction wheels ♦ reference friction condition ♦ rolling friction ♦ skin friction ♦ sliding friction ♦ slip friction clutch ♦ source of friction ♦ starting friction ♦ vincent friction screw press. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "friction": friction-driven, friction-heated. | |
Ending with "friction": anti-friction, forcing-into-friction, high-friction, low-friction, non-friction. | |
Containing "friction": Anti-friction wheels. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "friction"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Albanian | fërkim (caress, embrocation, fondling, massage, rub, rubbing, scouring, traction, unction), mosmarrëveshje (conflict, cross-purposes, disaccord, disagreement, discord, disharmony, dissension, dissidence, dissonance, disunion, divergence, divergency, division, incompliance, misunderstanding, strife, variance), grindje (altercation, bickering, blowup, bobbery, brawl, breach, breeze, broil, contention, contest, disagreement, discord, disputation, dispute, dissension, feud, fight, fray, jar, quarrel, squabble, strife, variance, wrangle). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arabic | حك (abrade, abrasion, itch, paw, polish, rasp, rub, sand, scrabble, scrape, scraping, scrubbing), خلاف (clash, conflict, contention, contest, controversy, difference, disaccord, disagreement, discord, discordance, dispute, dissension, dissidence, disunion, disunity, division, odds, quarrel, question, strife, variance), إحتكاك (attrition, contact, drag, rub, rubbing). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bulgarian | фрикционен (frictional), търкане (rub, unpleasantness), триене (rub). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 摩" . (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Czech | tření (rub). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Danish | frottering (rubbing), friktionere, friktion (rolling friction, rubbing), kold afvaskning (rubbing), gnidning (fretting, rubbing). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dutch | wrijving (adhesion, fretting). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Esperanto | froto, frotado. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Farsi | مالش (Attrition, Scrub), حساسیت (Sensibility, Sensitivity), سایش (Abrasion, Erosion, Grind, Scrub), اصطکاک (Attrition), اختلاف (Cross, Difference, Discord, Discrepancy, Disparity, Dissension, Inequality, Quarrel, Schism, Variance, Variation, Versatility). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Finnish | kitka, hankaus (rub). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
French | friction, frottement (fretting), désaccord. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
German | reibung (inharmoniousness, rubbing), friktion (rubbing). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | τριβή (abrading, abrasion, attrition, frazzle, rubbing, wear), προστριβή (rubbing). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hebrew | חכוך (conflict, rubbing, scratching). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hungarian | súrlódás (chafing, grating, scrubbing), dörzsölés (chafing, rub, rubbing, scour, scraping). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Indonesian | friksi, pergesekan, gesekan (rubbing, stringed instrument). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | frizione (clutch), attrito (attrition). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Kanji | 摩" (chafe, rubbing, rubdown). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Katakana | フリクション , まさつ (chafe, rubbing, rubdown), ふわ (blindly following others, disagreement, discord, dissension, trouble), あつれき (discord, strife), もめ"と (dispute, quarrel, trouble). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Korean | 마찰 (rubbing). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Manx | screebey (abrade, abrasion, chafe, claw, dress, grate, graze, itch, rasp, scrape, scrape along, scraping, scratch, scrawl, scuffle, stridulate, striking). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Norwegian | friksjon, gnidning. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | ictionfray fricção (fret, rub, rubbing, rubdown), atrito (abrasion, attrition, fret, misunderstood, rub, rubbing). (various references) fricţiune (disagreement, divergence, divergency, rub, rubbing, rubdown, shampoo), frecare (abrasion, contusion, rub, rubbing, scrape), frecãturã (rubbing), neînţelegere (difference, disagreement, dissension, misapprehension, misconception, misunderstanding, odds, rupture), divergenţã (divergence, divergency, variance), conflict (clash, collision, conflict, dispute, encounter, fray, jar, quarrel, strife, struggle, war), ceartã (altercation, Bicker, bobbery, brawl, breeze, broil, conflict, contention, controversy, discord, discussion, dispute, dissension, jangle, loggerhead, misunderstanding, quarrel, row, scrap, set to, squabble, squall, Stour, strife, tussle, wrangle). (various references) сцепление (adherence, adhesion, catenation, clutch, cohesion, concatenation, coupling, hookup, linkage, traction), растирание (grinding, rub, trituration), фрикционный (frictional), трение (attrition, rubbers), шум (bluster, bobbery, bruit, charivari, chirm, clamor, clamour, clash, clutter, din, dust-up, hubbub, hue, hue and cry, hullabaloo, kick up, kick-up, murmur, noise, noisiness, pother, racket, racquet, rough house, row, ruckus, rumpus, shindy, sound, turmoil, turnup, uproar, whir, whirr). (various references) zahvatanje zupcima, trljanje (rub, rubbing), trenje (adhesion, attrition, jar). (various references) fricción (rubbing), rozamiento (graze), frotamiento (rub, rubbing), frotacion (rubbing). (various references) friktion (rubbing). (various references) การเสีย"สี, ความไม่ลงรอยกัน (inharmoniousness). (various references) friksiyon, sürtme (frictional, rub, rubbing, scrape), sürtünme (frictional, rub, rubbing), sürtüşme, ovuşturma, ovma (rub, rubbing, rubdown, scrub), ovalama (rub, rubbing, rubdown, scrub), anlaşmazlık (conflict, controversy, disaccord, disagreement, discord, discordance, dissension, disunion, disunity, divided counsel, division, embroilment, fight, imbroglio, incompatiblity, mix up, odds, quarrel, run in, strife). (various references) розтирання (chafing, contusion), тертя (abrasion, attrition, chafing, fret, rub, rubbing), незгоди (odds), зчеплення (adherence, adhesion, catenation, clutch, coherence, concatenation, coupling, hookup, linkage, linking). (various references) sự ma xát sự xoa bóp, sự ch xát sự va chạm. (various references) rhathiad (attrition). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | adtritum, adtritus, tritura, triturae, trituram. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "friction": frictional, frictionally, frictionless, frictionlessly, frictions. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "friction": antifriction. (additional references) | |
Words containing "friction": antifrictions. (additional references) | |
| |
"Friction" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: aristion, effictio, firction, firtion, fliction, fortition, fractiod, Fraktion, Fridtjof, frivtion, Kritikon. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "friction" (pronounced fri"kshun) |
| 6 | -r i" k sh u n | constriction, restriction. |
| 5 | -i" k sh u n | addiction, affliction, benediction, contradiction, conviction, crucifixion, depiction, dereliction, diction, eviction, fiction, infliction, interdiction, jurisdiction, nonfiction, prediction. |
| 4 | -k sh u n | abduction, abstraction, action, advection, affection, attraction, auction, circumspection, collection, complexion, compunction, concoction, conduction, confection, conjunction, connection, construction, contraction, convection, correction, deconstruction, deduction, defection, destruction, detection, diffraction, direction, disaffection, disconnection, disinfection, dissatisfaction, dissection, distinction, distraction, dysfunction, ejection, election, erection, exaction, extinction, extraction, faction, flexion, fraction, function, imperfection, inaction, induction, infarction, infection, inflection, infraction, injection, injunction, inspection, instruction, insurrection, interaction, interconnection, interjection, intersection, introduction, introspection, junction, liposuction, liquefaction, malfunction, midsection, objection, obstruction, overproduction, overprotection, overreaction, perfection, predilection, preelection, production, projection, protection, reaction, recollection, reconstruction, redirection, reduction, reelection, reflection, reinspection, reintroduction, rejection, reproduction, resurrection, retraction, sanction, satisfaction, section, seduction, selection, subsection, subtraction, suction, traction, transaction, transection. |
| 3 | -sh u n | abbreviation, abdication, aberration, abolition, abomination, abortion, abrogation, absolution, absorption, academician, acceleration, accession, acclimation, accommodation, accreditation, accretion, accumulation, accusation, acidification, acquisition, activation, adaptation, addition, adjudication, administration, admiration, admission, admonition, adoption, adoration, adulation, advocation, affectation, affiliation, affirmation, agglomeration, aggravation, aggression, agitation, alienation, allegation, alleviation, alliteration, allocation, alphabetization, alteration, altercation, alternation, amalgamation, ambition, amelioration, ammunition, amortization, amplification, amputation, animation, annexation, annihilation, annotation, antiabortion, anticipation, anticorruption, antidiscrimination, apparition, appellation, application, apportion, appreciation, apprehension, approbation, appropriation, approximation, arbitration, argumentation, articulation, ascension, ashen, aspiration, assassination, assertion, assimilation, association, assumption, attention, attribution, attrition, audition, augmentation, authentication, authorization, automation, aviation, avocation, balkanization, beautician, bifurcation, brutalization, calculation, calibration, cancellation, cannibalization, capitalization, capitulation, caption, carburetion, carnation, castration, categorization, causation, caution, celebration, centralization, certification, cessation, cetacean, characterization, circulation, citation, civilization, clarification, classification, clinician, coagulation, coalition, codification, coercion, cogeneration, cogitation, cognition, cohabitation, collaboration, collectivization, colonization, coloration, colorization, combination, commemoration, commendation, commercialization, commission, commotion, communication, communization, compassion, compensation, competition, compilation, completion, complication, composition, comprehension, compression, compulsion, computation, computerization, concatenation, concentration, conception, conceptualization, concession, conciliation, concussion, condemnation, condensation, condescension, condition, confabulation, confederation, confession, configuration, confirmation, confiscation, conflagration, confrontation, conglomeration, congratulation, congregation, conjugation, conniption, connotation, conscription, consecration, conservation, consideration, consolation, consolidation, constellation, consternation, constipation, constitution, consultation, consummation, consumption, contamination, contemplation, contention, continuation, contortion, contraception, contraption, contribution, contrition, convention, conversation, convocation, convolution, convulsion, cooperation, coordination, coronation, corporation, correlation, corroboration, corruption, counterrevolution, creation, cremation, criminalization, crustacean, culmination, cultivation, cushion, dalmatian, damnation, decaffeination, decapitation, deceleration, decentralization, deception, decertification, decimation, declaration, decommission, decomposition, decompression, decontamination, decoration, decriminalization, dedication, defamation, definition, deflation, deforestation, deformation, degeneration, degradation, dehumanization, dehydration, deification, deinstitutionalization, delegation, deletion, deliberation, delineation, demarcation, demilitarization, demobilization, democratization, demodulation, demolition, demonization, demonstration, demoralization, demotion, denationalization, denomination, dentition, denuclearization, denunciation, depletion, depopulation, deportation, deposition, depravation, depreciation, depredation, depression, deprivation, deregulation, derivation, desalination, desalinization, description, desecration, desegregation, desertion, desiccation, designation, desolation, desperation, destabilization, destination, destitution, detention, deterioration, determination, detonation, detoxication, detoxification, devaluation, devastation, deviation, devolution, devotion, dictation, dietitian, differentiation, digression, dilatation, dilation, dilution, dimension, diminution, discoloration, discontinuation, discretion, discrimination, discussion, disembarkation, disinclination, disinflation, disinformation, disintegration, dislocation, disorganization, disorientation, dispensation, disposition, disputation, disqualification, disruption, dissemination, dissension, dissertation, dissipation, dissociation, dissolution, distillation, distortion, distribution, diversification, divination, documentation, domestication, domination, donation, dramatization, duplication, duration, echolocation, edification, edition, education, egyptian, ejaculation, elaboration, elation, electrician, electrification, electrocution, elevation, elimination, elocution, elongation, emanation, emancipation, embarkation, emigration, emission, emotion, emulation, emulsion, encryption, enumeration, equalization, equitation, equivocation, eradication, erudition, eruption, escalation, estimation, evacuation, evaluation, evaporation, evocation, evolution, exacerbation, exaggeration, examination, exasperation, excavation, exception, excitation, exclamation, excommunication, excoriation, excretion, execution, exemption, exertion, exfoliation, exhalation, exhibition, exhilaration, exhortation, exhumation, exoneration, expansion, expatriation, expectation, expedition, experimentation, expiration, explanation, explication, exploitation, exploration, exposition, expression, expropriation, expulsion, extension, extermination, extortion, extradition, extrapolation, fabrication, facilitation, falsification, fascination, fashion, federation, fermentation, fertilization, fibrillation, figuration, filtration, fission, fixation, flirtation, flotation, fluctuation, fluoridation, foliation, formalization, formation, formulation, fortification, foundation, fragmentation, freshen, fruition, frustration, fumigation, gasification, gastrulation, generalization, generation, gentian, gentrification, geriatrician, germination, gestation, glaciation, globalization, glorification, gradation, graduation, granulation, gratification, gravitation, gumption, gyration, habitation, hallucination, harmonization, hesitation, hessian, hibernation, homogenization, hospitalization, humiliation, hybridization, hydration, hydrogenation, hyperinflation, hypertension, hypotension, identification, ignition, illumination, illustration, imagination, imitation, immigration, immunization, impassion, impersonation, implantation, implementation, implication, importation, imposition, impregnation, impression, improvisation, imputation, inactivation, inauguration, incantation, incapacitation, incarceration, incarnation, inception, incineration, inclination, incoordination, incorporation, incrimination, incrustation, incubation, indemnification, indentation, indexation, indication, indignation, indiscretion, indoctrination, industrialization, infatuation, infestation, infiltration, inflammation, inflation, information, inhabitation, inhalation, inhibition, initiation, innovation, inoculation, inquisition, inscription, insemination, insertion, insinuation, inspiration, installation, instigation, institution, institutionalization, instrumentation, insubordination, insulation, integration, intensification, interception, intercession, intermission, internationalization, interpretation, interrogation, interruption, intimation, intimidation, intonation, intoxication, intuition, inundation, invalidation, invention, investigation, invitation, invocation, ionization, irradiation, irrigation, irritation, isolation, jubilation, justification, juxtaposition, laceration, lactation, legalization, legislation, levitation, liberalization, liberation, libration, ligation, lilliputian, limitation, liquidation, litigation, localization, location, locomotion, logician, lotion, lubrication, machination, magician, magnetization, magnification, malformation, malnutrition, manifestation, manipulation, mansion, marginalization, martian, masturbation, mathematician, maturation, maximization, mechanization, mediation, medication, meditation, menstruation, mention, migration, mineralization, miniaturization, ministration, misallocation, misapplication, misapprehension, misappropriation, miscalculation, mischaracterization, miscommunication, misconception, miscreation, misidentification, misimpression, misinformation, misinterpretation, misperception, misrepresentation, mission, mitigation, mobilization, moderation, modernization, modification, modulation, molestation, monopolization, mortician, motion, motivation, multiplication, mummification, munition, musician, mutation, mutilation, narration, nation, nationalization, naturalization, navigation, negation, negotiation, neutralization, nitration, nomination, nonaggression, nondiscrimination, nonprescription, nonproliferation, normalization, notation, notification, notion, nucleation, nullification, nutrition, obfuscation, obligation, observation, obsession, obstetrician, occupation, ocean, omission, operation, opposition, oppression, optician, optimization, option, oration, orchestration, ordination, organisation, organization, orientation, origination, ornamentation, oscillation, ossification, ostentation, ovation, overconsumption, overexpansion, overpopulation, overregulation, oversimplification, overvaluation, ovulation, oxidation, pacification, pagination, palpitation, participation, partition, passion, pasteurization, patrician, pediatrician, penetration, pension, perception, percussion, perforation, permission, permutation, perpetuation, persecution, personalization, personification, perspiration, perturbation, petition, physician, pigmentation, plantation, polarization, politician, politicization, pollination, pollution, pontification, popularization, population, portion, position, possession, potion, precaution, precession, precipitation, preconception, precondition, predestination, predisposition, preemption, prefabrication, preignition, premeditation, premonition, preoccupation, preparation, prescription, presentation, preservation, pressurization, presumption, presupposition, pretension, prevention, privation, privatization, probation, procession, proclamation, procrastination, procreation, profanation, profession, prognostication, progression, prohibition, proliferation, promotion, pronunciation, propagation, proportion, proposition, propulsion, proration, proscription, prosecution, prostitution, prostration, protestation, provocation, publication, punctuation, purification, qualification, quantification, quotation, radiation, radicalization, ramification, ratification, ration, rationalization, reaffirmation, realization, reallocation, reassertion, reauthorization, recalculation, recantation, recapitalization, reception, recertification, recession, recitation, reclamation, reclassification, recognition, recommendation, reconciliation, recondition, reconfiguration, reconfirmation, reconsideration, recreation, recrimination, rectification, recuperation, redecoration, rededication, redefinition, redemption, redistribution, reeducation, reevaluation, reexamination, reflation, reforestation, reformation, refrigeration, refutation, regeneration, regimentation, registration, regression, regulation, rehabilitation, rehydration, reimposition, reincarnation, reincorporation, reintegration, reinterpretation, reinvention, reinvigoration, reiteration, rejuvenation, relation, relaxation, relocation, remediation, remission, remuneration, renationalization, rendition, renegotiation, renomination, renovation, renunciation, reorganization, reparation, repatriation, repercussion, repetition, replication, reposition, repossession, representation, repression, repudiation, reputation, requisition, reregulation, reservation, resignation, resolution, respiration, restitution, restoration, resumption, resuscitation, retaliation, retardation, retention, retransmission, retribution, reunification, revaluation, revelation, reverberation, revitalization, revocation, revolution, revulsion, rhetorician, rotation, rumination, salvation, sanctification, sanitation, saponification, saturation, secession, secretion, securitization, sedation, sedimentation, sedition, segmentation, segregation, sensation, separation, sequestration, session, simplification, simulation, situation, socialization, solicitation, solution, sophistication, specialization, specification, speculation, stabilization, stagflation, stagnation, standardization, starvation, station, statistician, sterilization, stimulation, stipulation, strangulation, subluxation, submission, subordination, subscription, subsidization, substantiation, substation, substitution, suburbanization, succession, suffocation, summation, superstation, superstition, supposition, suppression, suspension, suspicion, syncopation, syndication, tabulation, tactician, taxation, technician, telecommunication, temptation, tension, termination, theoretician, titian, titillation, toleration, tradition, transcription, transformation, transgression, transillumination, transition, translation, transmission, transplantation, transportation, trepidation, triangulation, tribulation, tuition, undervaluation, unification, unionization, urbanization, usurpation, utilization, vacation, vaccination, vacillation, validation, valuation, vaporization, variation, vegetation, venetian, ventilation, verification, vibration, victimization, vilification, vindication, violation, visitation, visualization, vocation, volition, vulgarization, westernization, workstation. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "c-f-i-i-n-o-r-t" | |
-1 letter: fiction, noritic. | |
-2 letters: citrin, citron, confit, cortin, forint, ironic, nitric. | |
-3 letters: croft, ficin, front, intro, ionic, nitro, ontic, orcin, ricin, tonic, toric, torii. | |
-4 letters: cion, coft, coif, coin, coir, coni, corf, corn, fico, fino, firn, foci, foin, font, fort, frit, icon, info, inro, inti, into, iron, noir, nori, otic, rift, riot, roti, tiro, torc. | |
| Words containing the letters "c-f-i-i-n-o-r-t" | |
+1 letter: frictions, inflictor. | |
+2 letters: fictioneer, frictional, infarction, inflictors, infraction, proficient. | |
+3 letters: bifurcation, countrified, diffraction, fabrication, factorizing, fibronectin, fictioneers, fornicating, fornication, fractioning, infarctions, informatics, infractions, interoffice, proficients, reification, reinfection. | |
+4 letters: antifriction, bifurcations, confirmation, conformities, diffractions, fabrications, fibrinolytic, fibronectins, fornications, frictionally, frictionless, frontispiece, imperfection, inconformity, noncertified, petrifaction, pitchforking, pontificator, proficiently, purification, ramification, ratification, reifications, reinfections, trifurcation, verification, vociferating, vociferation. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)46 72 69 63 74 69 6F 6E |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
|
| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
|
| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
|
| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
|
Morse Code (1836) (references)..-. .-. .. -.-. - .. --- -. |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
|
Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01000110 01110010 01101001 01100011 01110100 01101001 01101111 01101110 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)F r i c t i o n |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0046 0072 0069 0063 0074 0069 006F 006E |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
|
Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)4084756986758180 |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Quotations: Familiar | 9. Quotations: Fiction 10. Quotations: Non-fiction 11. Quotations: Spoken 12. Quotations: Speeches | 13. Usage Frequency 14. Expressions 15. Expressions: Internet 16. Translations: Modern | 17. Translations: Ancient 18. Derivations 19. Rhymes 20. Anagrams | 21. Orthography 22. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
