Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: FORTRAN |
FORTRANNoun1. FORmula TRANslation; high-level programing language for mathematical and scientific purposes. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
| Domain | Definitions |
Computing | Fortran |
Census | (Formula Translator) A high level programming language used mainly to solve scientific and engineering problems. (references) |
Geological | FORTRAN is a computer programming language. This mathematically oriented language primarily is intended for scientific data processing. (FORmula TRANslator). (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Fortran (also FORTRAN) is a programming language originally developed in the 1950s and still in use today. The name is short for "Formula Translation". Early versions of the language were known as FORTRAN, but the capitalization has been dropped in newer revisions beginning with Fortran 90. The official language standards now refer to the language as "Fortran".
Fortran is mainly used for scientific computing and numerical analysis. Although originally a procedural language, recent versions of Fortran have included some features to support object-oriented programming.
The first FORTRAN compiler was developed for the IBM 704 in 1954-57 by an IBM team led by John W. Backus. This was an optimizing compiler, because the authors reasoned that no one would use the language if its performance was not comparable to assembly language.
The language was widely adopted by scientists for writing numerically intensive programs, which encouraged compiler writers to produce compilers that generate faster code. The inclusion of a complex number data type in the language made Fortran especially suited to scientific computation. There are many vendors of high performance Fortran compilers today. Many advances in the theory and design of compilers were motivated by the need to generate good code for Fortran programs.
Several revisions of the language have appeared, including the well-known FORTRAN IV (also known as FORTRAN 66), FORTRAN 77, and Fortran 90. The most recent formal standard for the language, published in 1997, is known as Fortran 95. IBM's versions were never as popular as those developed by others, which was especially true of FORTRAN IV -- WATFOR, the version of FORTRAN IV developed at the University of Waterloo, Canada, was universally preferred because it produced better reports of compilation errors. The software for automatically generating flow charts from FORTRAN programs was also developed outside IBM.
Initially, the language relied on precise formatting of the source code and heavy use of statement numbers and goto statements. These quirks have been removed from newer versions of the language. Successive versions also introduced 'modern' programming concepts, such as source code comments and output of text, IF-THEN-ELSE (in FORTRAN 77), recursion (in Fortran 90), and parallel constructs, while still attempting to maintain Fortran's 'lean' profile and high performance. Among the most popular specialized Fortran-based languages were SAS, for generating statistical reports, and SIMSCRIPT, for simulating processes involving queuing.
Vendors of high performance scientific computers (Burroughs, CDC, Cray, IBM, Texas Instruments, ...) added extensions to Fortran to make use of special hardware features such as: instruction cache, CPU pipeline, vector arrays, etc. For example, one of IBM's Fortran compilers (H Extended IUP) had a level of optimization which reordered the machine code instructions to keep several internal arithmetic units busy at the same time. Another example is CFD, a special 'version' of Fortran designed specifically for the ILLIAC IV supercomputer, running at NASA's Ames Research Center. These extensions have either disappeared over time or had elements incorporated into the main standard; the major remaining extension is OpenMP, which is a cross-platform extension for shared memory programming. One new extension, CoArray Fortran, is intended to promote parallel programming.
As what was basically a first attempt at designing a high-level language, the language's syntax is regarded as arcane by many programmers who learned more modern languages. It is difficult to write a lexical analyser for, and one-character mistakes can lead to runtime errors rather than compilation errors if more recent constructs such are not used. Some of the earlier versions, particularly, lacked facilities that would be regarded as useful in modern machines, such as dynamic memory allocation. At the same time, the syntax of Fortran has been tuned to scientific and numerical work, and many of its deficiencies have been addressed in more recent versions. For example, Fortran 95 has very short commands for performing mathematical operations on matrices and arrays which not only greatly improves program readability but also provides useful information to the compiler to enable it to vectorize operations. For these reasons, Fortran is not often used outside scientific and engineering numerical analysis, but remains the language of choice for high performance numerical computing.
Standards
The two standards below reflect the current Fortran implementations.
Code Sample (Hello, World)
PROGRAM HELLO
WRITE(*,10)
10 FORMAT('Hello, world!')
STOP
ENDExternal links
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Fortran."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
FORTRAN | English | Fortran | Computing |
FORTRAN | French | Formulation transposée | Computing |
FORTRAN | German | Formular Translator | Computing |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Crosswords: FORTRAN |
| English words defined with "FORTRAN": Fortran compiler, FORTRAN program. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "FORTRAN": Basic Fortran ♦ DAP Fortran ♦ Extended Fortran Language ♦ Fortran 66, Fortran 77, Fortran 90, Fortran Automatic Symbol Translator, Fortran D, Fortran I, Fortran II, Fortran III, Fortran IV, FORTRAN IV logical capabilities, Fortran M, Fortran Matrix Abstraction Technique Fortran, Fortran V, Fortran VI ♦ High Performance Fortran ♦ Object-Oriented Fortran ♦ Parallel Fortran ♦ RATional Fortran, Refined Fortran ♦ Vienna Fortran. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "FORTRAN" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses. Albanian (Fortran), Turkish (Fortran). |
| Domain | Usage | |
Clever | I know UNIX, PASCAL, C, FORTRAN, COBOL, and nineteen other high-tech words. (references; author: unknown) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
Books | |||
Periodicals |
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High Tech |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Afzalpurkar RG, Shiller LR, Little KH, Santangelo WC, Fortran JS. The self-limited nature of chronic idiopathic diarrhea. (references) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "FORTRAN" is generally used as a noun (proper) -- approximately 89.29% of the time. "FORTRAN" is used about 112 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (proper) | 89.29% | 100 | 32,668 |
| Adjective (general or positive) | 6.25% | 7 | 133,076 |
| Noun (singular) | 4.46% | 5 | 157,705 |
| Total | 100.00% | 112 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "FORTRAN": basic Fortran ♦ dap Fortran ♦ extended Fortran Language ♦ Fortran 66 ♦ Fortran 77 ♦ Fortran 90 ♦ Fortran Automatic Symbol Translator ♦ Fortran compiler ♦ Fortran D ♦ Fortran I ♦ Fortran II ♦ Fortran III ♦ Fortran IV ♦ FORTRAN IV logical capabilities ♦ FORTRAN IV simulator ♦ Fortran M ♦ Fortran Matrix Abstraction Technique Fortran ♦ FORTRAN program ♦ Fortran V ♦ Fortran VI ♦ high Performance Fortran ♦ parallel Fortran ♦ rational Fortran ♦ refined Fortran ♦ Vienna Fortran. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "FORTRAN": fortran-based, FORTRAN-compiler, Fortran-Linda, Fortran-Plus. | |
Ending with "FORTRAN": FORMAT-Fortran, rm-fortran. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "FORTRAN"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Albanian | Fortran. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Danish | FORTRAN (formula translator), formula translation (formula translator). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dutch | Fortran (formula translator). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Finnish | FORTRAN (formula translator). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
French | FORTRAN (formula translator), formulation transposée (formula translator), formula translation (formula translator). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
German | fortran (formula translator), Formular Translator (formula translator). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | FORTRAN (formula translator). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | fortran (formula translator). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Kanji | フェルミ'子 (a walk, fall, fault, fault-tolerance, fauvisme, fellowship, fence, fencing, fender, Fermi particle, ferret, ferro-alloy, foam, foam rubber, focus, Fodor, fog, fog lamp, fog light, foie gras, folder, folk, folk art, folk dance, folk song, folklore, follow, follow wind, follow-through, followup, follow-up, fondue, font, force, force-out, ford, fore, forecast, foreground, forehand, foreman, forge, fork, fork ball, forklift, forklore, form, formal, formal dress, formal wear, formalism, format, formation, formatter, formatting, form-feed, formula car, formula plan, formula translation, forte, fortune, forum, forward, forward pass, forwarding, fossa magna, foster child, foster parent, four nines, fox-trot, Fuji, Fuji-TV, pheromone, phone, phonograph, photo, photo library, photo realism, photo story, photo studio, photochromic glass, photocoupler, photodiode, photogenic, photogenie, photograph, photographer, photography, photogravure, photoresist, phototransistor, Volkswagen, VW). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Katakana | フォートラン (formula translation). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Korean | 포트란. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | ortranfay FORTRAN (formula translator). (various references) FORTRAN (formula translator). (various references) Fortran (formula translator). (various references) Fortran, Kullanımı Kolaylaştırıcı Sembolik Programlama Dili. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Misspellings | |
"FORTRAN" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Farran, Fertman, Forbra, Fordtran, Forryan, Fortar, Fortrey, Fortria, Torbryan. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-f-n-o-r-r-t" | |
-2 letters: front, trona. | |
-3 letters: fano, faro, fart, font, fora, fort, frat, nota, orra, raft, rant, rato, roan, roar, rota, tarn, taro, tora, torn, torr. | |
-4 letters: aft, ant, arf, art, fan, far, fat, fon, for, fro, nor, not, oaf, oar, oat, oft, ora, ort, ran, rat, rot, tan, tao, tar, ton, tor. | |
-5 letters: an, ar, at. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-f-n-o-r-r-t" | |
+2 letters: frontward, transform. | |
+3 letters: antireform, breakfront, cotransfer, fornicator, frontwards, nitrofuran, prefrontal, rainforest, refraction, transferor, transforms, waterfront. | |
+4 letters: breakfronts, cotransfers, ferromagnet, fornicators, frustration, infiltrator, informatory, nitrofurans, perforating, perforation, prefrontals, profanatory, rainforests, rarefaction, reformation, refractions, retransform, transferors, transformed, transformer, waterfronts. | |
+5 letters: confirmatory, craftsperson, draftsperson, ferromagnets, forgathering, fractionator, frontiersman, frustrations, infiltrators, perforations, preformation, rarefactions, reflationary, reformations, reformatting, retransforms, terraforming, transformers, transforming, transmogrify, trifurcation. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)46 4F 52 54 52 41 4E |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
|
| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
|
Morse Code (1836) (references)..-. --- .-. - .-. .- -. |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
|
Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01000110 01001111 01010010 01010100 01010010 01000001 01001110 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)F O R T R A N |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0046 004F 0052 0054 0052 0041 004E |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
|
Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)40495254523548 |
| 1. Definition 2. Crosswords 3. Usage: Modern 4. Usage: Commercial | 5. Quotations: Non-fiction 6. Usage Frequency 7. Expressions 8. Expressions: Internet | 9. Translations: Modern 10. Abbreviations 11. Acronyms 12. Derivations | 13. Anagrams 14. Orthography 15. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
| Note to the press & webmasters - this dictionary can be linked, indexed, or referred to using the following non-English expressions: woordeboek, fjalor, معجم, قاموس, diccionariu, речник, diccionari, diksyonario, diksinario, 字典, gérlyver, slovník, ordbog, woordenboek, shimiyuc p'anca, orðabók, orðbók, dictionnaire, wurdboek, wörterbuch, λεξικό, אוצר מילים, szótár, uqausiit tukingit, dizionario, 字引 , じい, じびき, じて", ディクショナリー , じり", じしょ, '"かい, ディクショナリ , 사 , dizionari, recnik, fockleyr, dikshonario, słownik, dicionário, dicţionar, dicziunari, словарь, lolomi fefiloi, foclair, abardair, faclair, briathrachan, pukuntau, leksikon, rečnik, vocabbulariu, diccionario, sí-chazamagâma, ordbok, lexikon, พจนานุกรม, sözlük, ansiklopedik sözlük, словник, довідник, có tính chất sách vở, geirlyfr, geiriadur, for dictionary; definisie, qartësi, përcaktim, saktësi, الوضوحية في الشيء, حد, تحديد, تعريف, التحديد, الإيضاحية, яснота, сила, очертания, дефиниция, 定義 , 定义, definice, deskriptordefinition, definitie, määritelmä, définition, ορισμός, "'"ר", "'בל", meghatározás, definíció, definizione, 確定 , ディーゼル電気車 , デ'ドロ酢酸 , デフィニション , ディフィニション , ていぎ, かくてい, 의, geyrid, meenaghey, keeayllaght, baght, definishon, definição, definiţie, determinare, definire, определение, definicija, definición, definition, açıklama, belirleme, belirtme, kesinleştirme, tanım, tarif, seçiklik, tanımlama, чіткість, тлумачення, виразність, визначення, дефініція, ясність, чітка чутність, sự định rõ, sự định nghĩa, lời định nghĩa sự định, diffiniad, darnodiad, for definition; vertaling, transferim, transmetim, ترجمة من لغة أجنبية للغة الأم, ترجمة, إفتتان, транслация, огъване, превод, предаване, поддаване, тълкуване, превеждане, 翻译, překlad, oversættelse, translatie, taajuusmuutos, translaatio, traduction, oersetting, Übersetzung, μετάφραση, תור'מ ות, תר'ום, "עתק", "עתק, fordítás, traduzione, 翻訳 , へい"ういどう, やくしょ, やくしゅつ, "うどく, ほ"やく, トランスレーション , やくじゅつ, ほ"やくしょ, 번역, tradukshon, tradução, translaţie, tãlmãcire, traducere, сдвиг, трансляция, перемещение, перевод, tumačenje, traducción, översättning, tercüme, процес перекладу, переклад, пояснення, переміщення, sự dịch, sự biến th nh sự giải thích, trosiad, for translation; Albaans, Albanies, Albaniese taal, shqip, الألبانية, الألباني, албанец, албански език, албански, Albanyano, 阿"巴尼亚语, 阿爾巴尼亞人 , albánský, Albanees, albanskt, albanialainen, Albanais, Albaneesk, albaner, αλβανικόσ, Αλβανός, αλβανόσ, arbnisht, arbërisht, albán, albanskur, albanska, AlbÚinis, albanese, 알"니아, Albaneagh, albanês, arnãut, albanez, arnãuţesc, албанский, Alapania, albanski, albanac, albanés, alban, Arnavut, албанський, албанка, албанець, for Albanian; Deens, danisht, danishte, لغة الدانمركية, نوع كعك, دانماركي, датски език, датски, Daniko, 丹麦语, dánský, dánština, danskur, danskt, tanskalainen, danois, Deensk, dänisch, δανικόσ, δανόσ, עו'ת שמרים, " י, dán, danska, Danmhairgis, danese, 덴마크, Danvargish, Danvargagh, danes, dinamarquês, danez, датский, danski, danski jezik, danés, dansk, danimarkalı, danimarka dili, датський, датська мова, tiếng Đan-mạch, for Danish; Nederlands, Hollands, holandez, هولندي, اللغة الهولندية, холандски, немски език, холандски език, холандците, немски, Olandes, 菏蘭語 , 荷兰语, holandský, nizozemský, hollandsk, hollendskt, hollantilainen, néerlandais, Nederlânsk, holländisch, ολλανδικόσ, ολλανδόσ, holandisht, "ול "י, holland, hollenskur, Ollainnis, olandese, 네덜란", Belanda, Ollanish, Germaanish, Tatimana, nederlandsk, ulandes, hulandes, holandês, neerlandés, olandez, nemţesc, limba olandezã, german, голландский, holanđanin, u škripcu, holandski, holandés, bakratongo, holländsk, ชาวเนเธอร์แลน"์, เกี่ยวกับเนเธอร์แลน"์, รรยา, alman, eş, flemenkçe, holandaca, hollanda, karı, hollandalı, hollandalılara özgü olan, Hollandali, hollanda'ya ait, голландська мова, голландський, ngôn ngữ khó hiểu, "b xã", for Dutch; Fins, finlandez, finlandishte, finlandisht, اللغة الفنلندية, فنلندية, فنلندي, фински език, фински, Pinlandino, 芬蘭語 , 芬兰语, finský, finskt, suomi, suomalainen, finnois, Finlandaise, finlandais, finnisch, φινλανδικόσ, פי י, finn, finnskur, finnska, finlandese, 핀란", Fynlannish, Fynlannagh, finlandês, finês, finlandezã, финский, Finisi, finski jezik, finski, finlandés, finés, finsk, fince, finlandiya'ya özgü, фінська мова, фінський, tiếng Phần-lan, for Finnish; Franse taal, Frans, franceze, francez, frëngjisht, frëng, frëngjishte, فرنسي, اللغة الفرنسية, الشعب الفرنسي, gall, френски език, френски, Pranses, 法國 , 法文 , 法語 , 法语, francouzština, francouzský, franskur, franskt, ranskalainen, français, Frânsk, französisch, γάλλοσ, γαλλικόσ, γαλλική γλώσσα, γαλλίδα, צרפתי, צרפתית, francia, Fraincis, francese, フレコン化 , フランス" , 仏文 , 仏 , ふつぶ", フレンチ , フランセ , ふつ, "랑스, Perancis, Ny Frangee, Mooinjey ny Frank, frances, franses, francês, francezii, francezã, franţuzesc, franţuzeşte, французский, Falani, francuski jezik, francuski, francuzi, francés, sí-Fulentji, fransk, franska, fransızca, Fransiz, fransızca ile ilgili, fransız, fransa ile ilgili, французька мова, французький, Ffrengig, isiFulentshi, for French; Duits, Duitser, Duitse taal, Germaan, gjerman, ضرب من الرقص, جرماني, المانية, الماني, اللغة الألمانية, роден, германски, немски език, немски, немец, готически, германец, 德語 , 德语, 德文 , 德國 , nìmecký, nìmec, tysker, Duitse, týskur, týskt, týskari, saksalainen, Allemand, Dútsk, Deutsche, Deutsch, "ερμανός, gjermanisht, 'רמ י, 'רמ ית, német, þjóðverji, þýskur, GearmÚnach, GearmÚinis, tedesco, ジプシー音楽 , ジャーマン , 독일, todesch, Germaanagh, Garmane, Germaanish, Carmane, aleman, Niemiec, niemiecki, alemão, alemand, neamţ, немецкий, Siamani, germanski, alemán, Tudesku, Doysri, mjeremani, mdachi, sí-Jalimáne, tysk, เยอรมัน, าษาเยอรมัน, Alman, німкеня, німецький, німець, $sisters german$ chị em ruột, $cousin german$ anh chị em con chú bác ruột, sister, Almaenwr, isiJalimane, iliJalimane, iJalimane, for German; Grieks, Griek, الإغريقي, يوناني, اللغة اليونانية, Griegu, гръцки език, гръцки, грък, Griyego, 希臘語 , 希腊语, řecký, řeètina, řek, græker, grikst, kreikkalainen, grec, Gryk, Gryksk, Gryks, grieche, ελληνικόσ, 'Ελληνας, יו ית, יו י, görög, Grikki, greco, ギリシア語 , ギリシア", 그리스, Greagish, Greagagh, grego, grèc, greacã, греческий, Eleni, grk, grčki jezik, grčki, griego, grek, Yunanli, yunanlı, yunanca, yunan, Rumca, yunanistan'a ait, rum, грек, гречанка, грецька мова, грецький, kẻ cắp b gi gặp nhau, quân bạc bịp tôi không thể hiểu được điều đó thật l kỳ phùng địch thủ, người Hy-lạp tiếng Hy-lạp kẻ bịp bợm, kẻ lừa đảo, Groegwr, for Greek; Italianer, Italiaans, Italiaan, شخص إيطالي, اللغة الإيطالية, الإيطالي, إيطالي, Italianu, италиански език, италиански, италианец, Italyano, 意大利 , 意大利語 , 意大利语, italština, italský, ital, italiener, italienskt, italialainen, Italien, Italjaansk, italienisch, Ιταλός, italisht, איטלקי, איטלקית, olasz, Ítali, IodÚilis, italiano, 이탈리아, Iddaalish, Włoch, italianã, italienesc, italieneşte, italian, итальянский язык, итальянский, итальянец, Italia, italijanski, italijanski jezik, italijan, sí-Taliyáne, italienare, italiensk, italienska, เกี่ยวกับอิตาลี, ชาวอิตาลี, าษาอิตาลี, italyanca, italyan, італі"ць, італійська мова, італійський, італійка, for Italian; korean, كوري شمالي, اللغة الكورية, كوري جنوبي, كوري, Coreanu, корейски, корейски език, Koryano, 韩国语, "國 , 朝鮮語 , korejský, korejec, korejština, Koreaans, koreanskt, coréen, Koreaansk, koreanisch, Koreaner, κορεάτησ, κορεάτικοσ, koreai, 한국, koreano, coréia, a língua coreana, coreean, limba coreeanã, кореец, корейский, Kolea, korejski jezik, korejski, koreanac, coreano, koreansk, ชาวเกาหลี, kore'li, кореянка, коре"ць, корейська мова, корейський, người Triều tiên tiếng Triều tiên, for korean; Portugees, portugez, portugalisht, اللغة البرتغالية, البرتغالية, البرتغالي, португалски език, португалски, португалец, Potuges, 葡萄牙语, 葡萄牙人 , 葡萄牙語 , portugalský, portugiser, portugisiskt, portugalilainen, portugais, Portugeesk, portugiesisch, πορτογάλοσ, ορτογάλος, portugál, Portaingéilis, portoghese, ポルトガル語 , ポルトガル", 포르투갈, Portiugish, Portiugagh, portugues, Portugalczyk, português, portughez, португальский, portugalski jezik, portugalski, portugalac, portugués, Mreno, si-Putúkezi, portugis, portekiz, Portekízlí, portekizli, portekizce, португальська мова, португальський, португалець, người B"-đ o-nha tiếng B"-đ o-nha, for Portuguese; Spaans, Spaanse taal, spanjoll, اللغة الأسبانية, الأسبانية, أسباني, испански език, испански, espanyoles, Espanyol, 西班牙语, 西班牙文 , 西班牙語 , španìlský, španìlština, spanskt, espanjalainen, espagnol, Spaansk, spanisch, ισπανικά, ισπανικόσ, ισπανοί, karaiñe'êmegua, ספר"ית, ספר"י, spanyol, SpÚinnis, spagnolo, スペイン語 , スパイ罪 , スペイン", スパニッシュ , 스페인, Spaainagh, Spaainish, spañó, espanhol, espanhòl, spaniolesc, spanioleşte, spaniol, испанский, Sipaniolo, španski jezik, španski, español, spanska språk, spansk, ispanyollar, ispanyolca, ispanyol, іспанська мова, іспанський, for Spanish; Sweeds, suedez, اللغة السويدية, Suecu, шведски език, шведски, швед, Swedis, 瑞典語 , 瑞典语, švédský, švédština, Zweeds, svenskt, ruotsalainen, suédois, Sweedsk, schwedisch, σουηδικόσ, σουηδικά, svéd, sænskur, Sualainnis, svedese, スウェーデン語 , スウェーデン", 스웨덴, Soolynish, Soolynagh, suèc, шведский, švedski jezik, švedski, sueco, svensk, เกี่ยวกับคน าษาและวั'นธรรมของประเทศสวีเ"น, isveççe, isveç dili, isveç, Ísveçlí, шведська мова, шведський, người Thuỵ điển tiếng Thuỵ điển, for Swedish; Turks, turk, تركي أحد أبناء تركيا, اللغة التركية, Turcu, турски, турски език, Turko, 土耳其, 土耳其語 , tureètina, turecký, turkist, turkkilainen, turque, turc, Turksk, türkisch, τούρκικοσ, טורקי, török, Yn Turkish, Turkagh, turcesc, турецкий, turski jezik, turski, turco, turkisk, türk, türkçe, турецька мова, турецький, tiếng Thổ nhĩ kỳ, for Turkish; |
