Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Extracellular |
ExtracellularAdjective1. (biology) located or occurring outside a cell or cells; "extracellular fluid". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
| Domain | Definition |
Health | Outside a cell or cells. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Antonym: intracellular (adj). (additional references) |
| Domain | Title |
Books |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Proteins in the cytoplasm target and activate biochemical reactions in specific cellular components, such as the mitochondria and the nucleus. Within the nucleus, gene expression is activated and leads to new protein synthesis, which are formed on the endoplasmic reticulum. These proteins are transported via the Golgi complex for packaging and distribution to cellular membrane and for extracellular release. See artwork: (on disk in file). Credit: Jeannie Kelly (artist). |  | The earliest visible stage of HIV replication occurs when viral proteins accumulate under the cell membrane in a process called budding (a). In the next stage a crescent shaped early bud has constricted, forming a membrane-encapsulated sphere, with the dense center called a viral nucleoid (b). As the constricting process continues, the virus pinches off and becomes free extracellular infectious virus (c). At this stage, the dark circular mucleoid condenses into a bar; this morphologic feature is used to discriminate HIV-I from HTLV-II and HTLV-III. See artwork: GR-31. Credit: Dr. Matthew Gonda (photographer). |
 | Histopathology of lung shows numerous extracellular yeasts of Cryptococcus neoformans within an alveolar space. Yeasts show narrow-base budding and characteristic variation in size. Credit: CDC. |  | A distinguishing characteristic of biofilms is the presence of extracellular polymeric substances, primarily polysaccharides, surrounding and encasing the cells. Here, these polysaccharides have been visualized by scanning electron microscopy. Credit: CDC. |
 | Many intracellular and extracellular tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii are visible. Parasite. Credit: CDC. |  | A Gram-stained urethral exudate from a male with urethritis. Note the pleomorphic Gram-negative extracellular organisms, as well as intracellular diplococci. This culture is positive for Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Credit: CDC. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Finally, in the brain and spinal cord, the glia and the extracellular matrix (the material that surrounds cells) differ from those in peripheral nerves. (references) | |
Because the extracellular matrix that surrounds cells is a repository for many inhibitory substances, understanding the interaction of cells with the extracellular matrix is an important focus of research. (references) | ||
Researchers from Harvard Medical School found that an enzyme called “insulin degrading enzyme” can do this in tissue culture (Vekrellis et al., 2000). The enzyme regulated extracellular amyloid levels, suggesting that it might do the same in the brain. (references) | ||
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "Extracellular" is generally used as an adjective (general or positive) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Extracellular" is used about 136 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Adjective (general or positive) | 100% | 136 | 27,260 |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "extracellular": extracellular fluid ♦ Extracellular Matrix ♦ Extracellular Matrix Proteins ♦ Extracellular Space. Additional references. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day |
extracellular matrix | 8 |
extracellular fluid | 4 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Language | Translations for "extracellular"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Bulgarian | извънклетъчен. (various references) | |
Chinese | 细胞外. (various references) | |
Danish | extracellulær, extracellulær. (various references) | |
Dutch | extracellulair. (various references) | |
French | extracellulaire. (various references) | |
German | extrazellulaer, extrazellulär. (various references) | |
Greek | εξωκυττάριος, εξωκυτταρικός. (various references) | |
Italian | extracellulare. (various references) | |
Pig Latin | extracellularay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | extracelular. (various references) | |
Russian | внеклеточный. (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | vanćelijski. (various references) | |
Spanish | extracelular. (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "extracellular": extracellularly. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-a-c-e-e-l-l-l-r-r-t-u-x" | |
-4 letters: acellular, creatural. | |
-5 letters: aculeate, arcature, cellarer, cellaret, cellular, creature, crueller, curtalax, excretal, lacerate, laureate, lecturer, recaller, terrella, ulcerate, ureteral. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-a-c-e-e-l-l-l-r-r-t-u-x" | |
+2 letters: extracellularly. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
