Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Empirical |
EmpiricalAdjective1. Derived from experiment and observation rather than theory; "an empirical basis for an ethical theory"; "empirical laws"; "empirical data"; "an empirical treatment of a disease about which little is known". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "empirical" was first used: 1569. (references) |
| Domain | Definitions |
Health | A treatment based on an assumed diagnosis, prior to receiving confirmatory laboratory test results. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Synonym: EmpiricalSynonym: Trancscendental. (additional references) |
| Antonym: theoretical (adj). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Essay | Adjective: essaying; Verb: experimental; tentative, empirical, probationary. |
Experiment | Adjective: experimental, empirical. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | I need some kind of proof, some kind of verifiable, empirical data. (A Beautiful Mind; writing credit: Akiva Goldsman) Judgment of any system, or a priori relationship or phenomenon exists in an irrational, or metaphysical, or at least epistemological contradiction to an abstract empirical concept such as being, or to be, or to occur in the thing itself, or of the thing itself. (Love and Death; writing credit: Woody Allen) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
Books |
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Periodicals |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | These studies should be longitudinal and reflect current theoretical and empirical advances in neurolinguistics and psycholinguistics. (references) | |
Empirical evaluation of the efficacy of hearing conservation programs and the field performance of hearing protection devices in industry. (references) | ||
For these reasons, much of the available information concerning choice of antimicrobial agents is based on small empirical trials in humans. (references) | ||
Economic History | Guyana | Employees of state-owned firms are anxious that their jobs be protected, although the empirical evidence in the case of the phone company (privatized since 1992) has been that of increased employment opportunities. (references) |
China | Expected to continue development at a rate of 25-30% annually over the next five years, the total annual volume of decoration and refurbishing work will also likely soar from RMB 200 billion to 600 billion ($24.2 billion to $72.6 billion) between 2001 through 2005. According to the last three years of empirical analysis, building and decoration exports to China grew from $29.3 million in 1998 to $39.4 million in 2000. During this period, growth in this sector rose at a rate of 34.48%. (references) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Dennis Miller | If you're looking for empirical truth on TV, you're watching the wrong kinescope. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| "Empirical" is generally used as an adjective (general or positive) -- approximately 99.61% of the time. "Empirical" is used about 1,518 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Adjective (general or positive) | 99.61% | 1,512 | 5,393 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.26% | 4 | 175,879 |
| Noun (common) | 0.13% | 2 | 245,945 |
| Total | 100.00% | 1,518 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "empirical": empirical Bayes'estimator ♦ empirical Bayes'procedure ♦ empirical criterion ♦ empirical formula ♦ empirical formulare ♦ empirical knowledge ♦ empirical model ♦ empirical probit ♦ empirical research ♦ empirical rule ♦ empirical treatment ♦ empirical yield table ♦ through empirical observation. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "empirical": empirical-rational. | |
Ending with "empirical": non-empirical. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "empirical"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Albanian | empirik (empiric, empiricist, experimental). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arabic | تجريبي (empiricist, tentative). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bulgarian | опитен (adept, capable, consummate, empiric, experienced, experimental, expert, good, grey, laboratory, old, old hand, perfect, pilot, practised, proficient, ripe, scientific, skilful, skilled, skillful, sophisticated, thorough-paced, versed, veteran, whizbang), емпиричен (empiric). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 经验主义. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Czech | empirický (empiric). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Danish | empirisk sandsynlighed (empirical probability), empirisk regel (empirical rule), empirisk probit (empirical probit), empirisk model (empirical model), empirisk masseformel (empirical mass formula), empirisk kriterium (empirical criterion), empirisk formel (empirical formula), empirisk Bayes procedure (empirical Bayes'procedure), empirisk Bayes estimator (empirical Bayes'estimator), tommelfingerregel (empirical rule), tilvaekstoversigt korrigeret for bevoksningsgrad (empirical yield table), tentativ behandling (empirical treatment, presumptive treatment), iagttagelse (empirical finding, notice, observation), håndregel (empirical rule), bruttoformlen (empirical formula, gross composition, molecular formula). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dutch | empirische probit (empirical probit), empirisch criterium (empirical criterion), empirisch model (empirical model), empirische Bayesiaanse procedure (empirical Bayes'procedure), empirische Bayesiaanse schatter (empirical Bayes'estimator), empirische massaformule (empirical mass formula), empirische regel (empirical rule), empirische waarschijnlijkheid (empirical probability), ervaringsregel (empirical rule), empirische formule (empirical formula, gross composition, molecular formula), vuistregel (empirical rule, heuristic, heuristic method, heuristic rule, rule of thumb), brutoformule (empirical formula, gross composition, molecular formula), molecuulformule (empirical formula, gross composition, molecular formula), opbrengsttafel voor gemiddelde bestanden van grote bosbedrijven (empirical yield table), voorlopige behandeling (empirical treatment, presumptive treatment), chemische formule (chemical formula, elemental formula, empirical formula, formula, gross composition, molecular formula). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Finnish | empiirinen tuottotaulukko (empirical yield table), empiirinen todennäköisyys (empirical probability), empiirinen sääntö (empirical rule), empiirinen probit (empirical probit), empiirinen malli (empirical model), empiirinen kriteeri (empirical criterion), empiirinen kaava (empirical formula), empiirinen Bayesin menetelmä (empirical Bayes'procedure), empiirinen Bayesin estimaattori (empirical Bayes'estimator), kokemusperäinen tuottotaulukko (empirical yield table), kokemusperäinen sääntö (empirical rule), kokemusperäinen malli (empirical model), kokemusperäinen kriteeri (empirical criterion), kokemusperäinen kaava (empirical formula), hoito oletetun diagnoosin perusteella (empirical treatment, presumptive treatment). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
French | empirique (empiric). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
German | empirisch (empiric, empirically), erfahrungsgemäß (empirically, experiential, from experience). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | εμπειρικόσ (empiric). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hebrew | תצפיתי, אמפירי, סיו י (experimental, tentative), סויי (experimental). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hungarian | tapasztalati (empiric, experimental, practical), empirikus (a posteriori, empiric). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | empirico (empiric, empiricist, experiential, healer). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Kanji | 実証的 (positive). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Katakana | じっしょうてき (positive). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Korean | 실험 (Experiment, Experimental, Experimentation). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Manx | treealagh (assertive, empiric, tentative). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | empiricalay empírico (empiricism, emu, experiment). (various references) empiric (by rule of thumb, empiric, empirically, quack), pragmatic (empiric, pragmatic, pragmatically). (various references) эмпирический (empiric, experiential). (various references) empiričan. (various references) empírico (empiric, empiricist). (various references) empirisk (empiric, experimental). (various references) ซึ่งไ"้จากประสบการ"์หรือการท"ลองมากกว่าทฤษฎี. (various references) görgül (empiric), deneysel (empiric, experimental, tentative). (various references) вузькопрактичний (empiric), емпіричний (empiric, experiential). (various references) theo lối kinh nghiệm (empiric), kinh nghiệm chủ nghĩa (experiential). (various references) empeiraidd. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Greek | 700 BCE-300 CE | empeirikos. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "empirical": empirically. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "empirical": nonempirical, semiempirical, unempirical. (additional references) | |
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"Empirical" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: emirical, empeiria, emperial, emperical, emphirical, empinical, empiracal, empircal, empiriacal, empirial, empiricals, empiricaly, empiricle, emprical, enpirical, epirical, imperical, impirical, Meziriac. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "empirical" (pronounced e'mpi"rikul) |
| 6 | -i" r i k u l | lyrical. |
| 5 | -r i k u l | asymmetrical, categorical, cylindrical, electrical, geometrical, historical, hysterical, metaphorical, metrical, nonelectrical, rhetorical, semicylindrical, spherical, symmetrical, theatrical. |
| 4 | -i k u l | acoustical, alphabetical, analytical, antithetical, apolitical, archaeological, archeological, astrological, astronautical, astronomical, atypical, autobiographical, bicycle, biographical, biological, biomedical, biotechnological, botanical, cervical, chronological, classical, comical, conical, critical, cubicle, cyclical, cynical, dermatological, diabolical, dialectical, ecclesiastical, ecological, economical, ecumenical, egotistical, electrochemical, electromechanical, elliptical, encyclical, epidemiological, eschatological, ethical, ethnical, evangelical, fanatical, galenical, geographical, geological, geopolitical, graphical, gynecological, helical, heretical, hypercritical, hypocritical, icicle, identical, ideological, illogical, immunological, inimical, ironical, lackadaisical, lexical, liturgical, logical, logistical, magical, mathematical, mechanical, metallurgical, metaphysical, methodological, morphological, musical, mystical, mythological, neoclassical, neurological, nonpolitical, nonsensical, nonsurgical, nontechnical, ontological, optical, ornithological, paradoxical, pathological, pedagogical, periodical, petrochemical, pharmaceutical, pharmacological, philosophical, phonological, physical, physiological, popsicle, preclinical, problematical, prototypical, psychical, psychological, puritanical, rabbinical, radiological, sabbatical, semiclassical, semitropical, serological, sociological, statistical, stereotypical, strategical, surgical, tactical, technical, technological, teleological, testicle, theological, theoretical, topical, toxicological, tricycle, tropical, typographical, tyrannical, umbilical, uncritical, uneconomical, unethical, untypical, vehicle, vertical, viatical, virological, whimsical, zoological. |
| 3 | -k u l | aeronautical, agrochemical, allegorical, anarchical, anatomical, ankle, anthropological, article, barnacle, biblical, bifocal, biochemical, brickle, buckle, cackle, chemical, Chronicle, chuckle, circle, clavicle, clerical, clinical, commonsensical, coracle, cortical, crackle, cuticle, cycle, debacle, diacritical, domical, ducal, encircle, epochal, equivocal, etymological, farcical, fecal, fickle, fiscal, focal, follicle, freckle, geophysical, gonococcal, grackle, grammatical, granduncle, hackle, heckle, heterocercal, hierarchical, honeysuckle, Huckle, hypothetical, impractical, jackal, knuckle, local, maniacal, matriarchal, medical, meikle, meteorological, methodical, Mickle, miracle, monocle, motorcycle, muckle, mythical, nautical, nickel, Nickle, Nicol, numerical, obstacle, Oracle, oratorical, particle, patriarchal, photochemical, pickle, pinnacle, polemical, political, pontifical, practical, pumpernickel, quizzical, radical, ramshackle, rankle, rascal, receptacle, reciprocal, recycle, ruckle, runkle, satirical, shackle, shekel, sickle, skeptical, Sokol, sparkle, speckle, spectacle, sprinkle, stickle, suckle, tabernacle, tackle, tentacle, tickle, tinkle, trickle, twinkle, typical, uncle, unequivocal, unicycle, unshackle, vocal, Winkle, wrinkle. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-c-e-i-i-l-m-p-r" | |
-1 letter: imperial. | |
-2 letters: caliper, campier, claimer, clamper, crimple, empiric, impaler, impearl, imperia, imperil, lempira, miracle, palmier, ramilie, reclaim, replica. | |
-3 letters: ampler, calmer, camper, carpel, eclair, epical, impair, impale, lacier, limier, limper, mailer, malice, marcel, palier, palmer, parcel, placer, plaice, plicae, prelim, primal, remail, rimple. | |
-4 letters: aimer, amice, amici, ample, areic, ariel, camel, campi, caper, carle, carpi, ceria, cilia, claim, clamp, clear, clime, cramp, crape, cream, crime, crimp, cripe, email, erica, icier, ileac, iliac, impel, lacer, lamer, limpa, macer, macle, maile, malic, maple, melic, micra, miler, milia, milpa, pacer, paler, parle, pearl, peril, pical, pilar, pilea, pilei, place, plica, plier, price, prima, prime, primi, ramie, realm, recap, relic, remap. | |
-5 letters: acme, acre, alec, alme, amie, amir, aper, aril, calm, came, camp, cape, care, carl, carp, ceil, cire, clam, clap, clip, cram, crap, earl, emic, emir, epic, ilea, ilia, impi, lace, laic, lair, lame, lamp, lari, leap, lear, liar, lice, lier, lima, lime, limp, lipa, lipe, lira, lire, liri, mace, mail, mair, male, marc, mare, marl, meal, merl, mica, mice, mile, mire, miri, pace, pail, pair, pale, palm, pare, peal, pear, peri, perm, pial, pica, pice, pier, pile, pili, pima, plea, plie, pram, prim, race, rail, rale, rami, ramp, rape, real, ream, reap, rial, rice, riel, rile, rime, ripe. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-c-e-i-i-l-m-p-r" | |
+2 letters: empirically, planimetric, spermicidal, unempirical. | |
+3 letters: nonempirical, polarimetric, semitropical. | |
+4 letters: hemispherical, imperceivable, imperialistic, impracticable, microcephalic, microparticle, multiparticle, recompilation, republicanism, semiempirical, semiporcelain, supercriminal. | |
+5 letters: microcephalics, microcephalies, microparticles, microspherical, recompilations, republicanisms, semiporcelains, supercriminals. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)45 6D 70 69 72 69 63 61 6C |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references). -- .--. .. .-. .. -.-. .- .-.. |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01000101 01101101 01110000 01101001 01110010 01101001 01100011 01100001 01101100 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)E m p i r i c a l |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0045 006D 0070 0069 0072 0069 0063 0061 006C |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
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Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)397982758475696778 |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Quotations: Non-fiction 7. Quotations: Spoken 8. Usage Frequency | 9. Expressions 10. Expressions: Internet 11. Translations: Modern 12. Translations: Ancient | 13. Derivations 14. Rhymes 15. Anagrams 16. Orthography | 17. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
