Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

ELIZA

"ELIZA" is a name that signifies or is derived from: "God is my oath".

Date "ELIZA" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1350. (references)

"ELIZA" is a common misspelling or typo for: Elisa.


Specialty Definition: ELIZA

DomainDefinition

Computing

ELIZA A famous program by Joseph Weizenbaum, which simulated a Rogerian psychoanalyst by rephrasing many of the patient's statements as questions and posing them to the patient. It worked by simple pattern recognition and substitution of key words into canned phrases. It was so convincing, however, that there are many anecdotes about people becoming very emotionally caught up in dealing with ELIZA. All this was due to people's tendency to attach to words meanings which the computer never put there. See also ELIZA effect. (1997-09-13). Source: The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Specialty Definition: ELIZA

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

ELIZA is a famous computer program by Joseph Weizenbaum, which simulated a Rogerian therapist by rephrasing many of the patient's statements as questions and posing them to the patient.

It worked by simple pattern recognition and substitution of key words into canned phrases. It was so convincing, however, that there are many anecdotes about people becoming very emotionally caught up in dealing with ELIZA. All this was due to people's tendency to attach to words meanings which the computer never put there.

This became an important motivation for J. Weizenbaum to write his book Computer Power and Human Reason. From Judgment to Calculation, in which he explains the limits of computers, as he wants to make clear in people's minds that the anthropomorphic views of computers are just a reduction of the human being and any lifeform for that matter.

Try ELIZA: http://www.manifestation.com/neurotoys/eliza.php3

ELIZA source code in Java: http://chayden.net/eliza/Eliza.shtml

See also: ELIZA effect, ALICE, Turing test, Loebner prize

An early version of this article was based on material from FOLDOC's article on ELIZA, used with permission.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "ELIZA."

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Crosswords: ELIZA

Specialty definitions using "ELIZA": ad-hockery ♦ chatbot ♦ Hobbinol. (references)
Non-English Usage: "ELIZA" is also a word in the following language with the English translation in parentheses.

Basque (church).

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Modern Usage: ELIZA

DomainUsage

Screenplays

Eliza, you are to stay here for the next six months learning to speak beautifully, like a lady in a florist's shop. (My Fair Lady; writing credit: George Bernard Shaw; Alan Jay Lerner)

I'm just his father, Eliza, not his conscience. (Friendly Persuasion; writing credit: Jessamyn West)

Movie/TV Titles

Eliza on Ice (1944)

All on Account of Eliza (1902)

Liza i Eliza (1995)

Eliza Fraser (1976)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Commercial Usage: ELIZA

DomainTitle

References

  • Eliza Tinsley Group P.L.C.: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (reference)

    (more reference examples)

  

Books

  • A Sentimental Journey Through France and Italy by Mr. Yorick: With the Journal to Eliza and a Political Romance (Oxford World's Classics) (reference)

  • Best Companions : Letters of Eliza Middleton Fisher and her mother, Mary Hering Middleton, from Charleston, Philadelphia, and Newport, 1839-1846 (reference)

  • Taming Eliza (reference)

  • The Passionate Fictions of Eliza Haywood: Essays on Her Life and Work (reference)

  • The Pleasure of Eliza Lynch (reference)

    (more book examples)

  

Periodicals

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Image Slideshow: ELIZA

Illustrations:
ELIZA

More pictures...

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Photo Album: ELIZA

ThumbnailDescription & CreditThumbnailDescription & Credit

Solomon Drowne, M.D. / Eliza Hall Ward. J.C. Buttre. Credit: National Library of Medicine.

Eliza crossing the ice. Credit: Library of Congress.

Mary Eliza (Babbit) Cushman, mother of Charlotte S. Cushman, full-length portrait, seated, facing left. Credit: Library of Congress.

Miscellaneous subjects. Plaque commemorating Mrs. Eliza Tibbets for introducing Washington naval orange trees to California. Credit: Library of Congress.

Mrs. Ann Eliza Young, 19th wife of Brigham Young / JB [monogram] ; Armstrong & Co. Lith., Boston. Credit: Library of Congress.

  

Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.

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Familiar Quotations: ELIZA

AuthorQuotation

Eliza Cook

Who would not rather trust and be deceived?
Though language forms the preacher, 'Tis ''good works'' make the man.
Better build schoolrooms for ''the boy,'' than cells and gibbets for ''the man.''
Oh, how cruelly sweet are the echoes that start when memory plays an old tune on the heart!

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Usage Frequency: ELIZA

"ELIZA" is generally used as a noun (proper) -- approximately 99.15% of the time. "ELIZA" is used about 117 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)
Parts of SpeechPercentUsage per
100 Million Words		Rank in English
Noun (proper)99.15%11629,969
Noun (common)0.85%1339,140
                    Total100.00%117N/A

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Name Usage Frequency: ELIZA

The following table summarizes the usage of "ELIZA" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified.
NameUsage/GenderUsage per 100
million Persons		Rank in USA
ElizaFirst name Female15,000718
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Derived & Related Names: ELIZA

"ELIZA" is a name that signifies or is derived from: "God is my oath".
 
The following table summarizes names related to "ELIZA."
NameGenderLanguageRelated Name
ElsabethFemaleN/AElizabeth
ElishebaFemaleBiblicalElizabeth
ElizabethFemaleBiblicalN/A
ElisabethFemaleBiblical (Variant)Elizabeth
AlzbetaFemaleCzechElizabeth
ElseFemaleDanishElizabeth
LiesbethFemaleDutchElizabeth
LiesjeFemaleDutchElizabeth
LijsbethFemaleDutchElizabeth
BessFemaleEnglishElizabeth
BessieFemaleEnglishElizabeth
BethFemaleEnglishElizabeth
BetsyFemaleEnglishElizabeth
BetteFemaleEnglishElizabeth
BettieFemaleEnglishElizabeth
BettyFemaleEnglishElizabeth
ElisabethFemaleEnglishElizabeth
EliseFemaleEnglishElizabeth
ElissaFemaleEnglishElizabeth
ElizaFemaleEnglishElizabeth
ElizabethFemaleEnglishN/A
ElsieFemaleEnglishElizabeth
ElspetFemaleEnglishElizabeth
ElspethFemaleEnglishElizabeth
IsabelFemaleEnglishElizabeth
LibbyFemaleEnglishElizabeth
LisFemaleEnglishElizabeth
LisaFemaleEnglishElizabeth
LiseFemaleEnglishElizabeth
LizFemaleEnglishElizabeth
LizaFemaleEnglishElizabeth
LizbethFemaleEnglishElizabeth
LizzieFemaleEnglishElizabeth
LizzyFemaleEnglishElizabeth
TettyFemaleEnglishElizabeth
ElisabethFemaleFrenchElizabeth
IsabelFemaleFrenchElizabeth
LisetteFemaleFrenchElizabeth
ElisabethFemaleGermanElizabeth
ElliFemaleGermanElizabeth
ElseFemaleGermanElizabeth
IlseFemaleGermanElizabeth
LiesaFemaleGermanElizabeth
LieseFemaleGermanElizabeth
LieselFemaleGermanElizabeth
LieslFemaleGermanElizabeth
LiliFemaleGermanElizabeth
LisbethFemaleGermanElizabeth
ElisavetFemaleGreekElizabeth
ElikapekaFemaleHawaiianElizabeth
ErzsébetFemaleHungarianElizabeth
EilísFemaleIrishElizabeth
ElisabettaFemaleItalianElizabeth
ElishevaFemaleJewishElizabeth
ElisavetaFemaleMacedonianElizabeth
EalisaidFemaleManxElizabeth
ElzbietaFemalePolishElizabeth
IsabelFemalePortugueseElizabeth
ElisabetaFemaleRomanianElizabeth
ElizavetaFemaleRussianElizabeth
ElisabetFemaleScandinavianElizabeth
LisFemaleScandinavianElizabeth
LisbetFemaleScandinavianElizabeth
EalasaidFemaleScottishElizabeth
ElspetFemaleScottishElizabeth
ElspethFemaleScottishElizabeth
AlzbetaFemaleSlovakElizabeth
ElizabetaFemaleSloveneElizabeth
ElianMaleSpanishElizabeth
IsabelFemaleSpanishElizabeth
BethanFemaleWelshElizabeth
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Usage in Company Names: ELIZA

CountryName
United Kingdom

Eliza Tinsley Group P.L.C.

 (more examples...)

Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.

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Expressions: ELIZA

Expressions using "ELIZA": ELIZA effect ♦ Frances Eliza Hodgson Burnett ♦ Marie Dolores Eliza Rosanna Gilbert. Additional references.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Frequency of Internet Keywords: ELIZA

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.
 
ExpressionFrequency
per Day		ExpressionFrequency
per Day

eliza dushku

4,324

dushku eliza fake

21

eliza dushku nude

597

dushku.com eliza

20

eliza

263

eliza thornberry

20

eliza dushku pic

249

eliza faith

20

eliza dushku picture

246

dushku eliza naked picture

19

dushku eliza wallpaper

160

eliza carthy

19

naked eliza dushku

152

dushku eliza pic sexy

18

dushku eliza nude pic

85

dushku eliza porn

17

dusku eliza

80

dushku eliza naked pic

16

dushka eliza

77

dushka eliza nude

16

eliza dushku photo

52

eliza griswold

16

eliza hutton

51

coffee eliza hospital memorial

15

eliza dushku gallery

40

dushku eliza image

15

bikini dushku eliza pic

35

biography dushku eliza

15

dushku eliza free nude pic

34

eliza dishku

15

dushku eliza nude picture

33

dusku eliza nude

14

dushku eliza free nude

33

dushku eliza sexy

14

bikini dushku eliza

33

eliza mahoney mary

14

dukshu eliza

22

eliza nova

14

dushku eliza fake nude

22

dushku eliza nude photo

13
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Derivations & Misspellings: ELIZA

Derivations

Words containing "ELIZA": cartelization, cartelizations, channelization, channelizations, dieselization, dieselizations, epithelization, epithelizations, evangelization, evangelizations, mongrelization, mongrelizations, novelization, novelizations. (additional references)


Misspellings

"ELIZA" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Aziza, Bellezza, Deleza, Efima, Eglisay, Eiiia, Eizan, Eizo, Elazar, Elazig, Elgiva, eliaz, Elida, Elika, Elima, elisa, Elisah, Elisas, Eliska, Elista, Elival, eliz, elizab, Elizas, Elizer, Ellial, Elya, Elyna, elza, Elzea, Enisa, Evizzo, iltizam, Lepisma, Melozzo, Olisa, Pellizza, Pellizzi, Yeliz. (additional references)

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Anagrams: ELIZA

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

Words within the letters "a-e-i-l-z"

-1 letter: ilea, laze, zeal.

-2 letters: ail, ale, lea, lei, lez, lie.

-3 letters: ae, ai, al, el, la, li.

 Words containing the letters "a-e-i-l-z"
 

+1 letter: jezail, lazied, lazier, lazies.

 

+2 letters: dialyze, diazole, dualize, glazier, imblaze, jezails, laicize, laziest, realize, sizable.

 

+3 letters: alkalize, banalize, calorize, canalize, dialyzed, dialyzer, dialyzes, diazoles, dualized, dualizes, equalize, finalize, focalize, glaziers, glaziery, glaziest, idealize, imblazed, imblazes, jazzlike, laicized, laicizes, laterize, latinize, laziness, lazulite, lazurite, legalize, localize, mazelike, melanize, metalize, moralize, nasalize, penalize, polarize, realized, realizer, realizes, ruralize, salinize, seizable, sizeable, sizeably, sleazier, sleazily, solarize, teazling, thiazole, totalize, triazole, valorize, velarize, vitalize, vocalize, zenithal.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

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Alternative Orthography: ELIZA


Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)

45 4C 49 5A 41

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)

American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)

=

Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)

Braille (1829, in France) (references)

Morse Code (1836) (references)

.    .-..    ..    --..    .-

Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)

Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)

01000101 01001100 01001001 01011010 01000001

HTML Code (1990) (references)

&#69 &#76 &#73 &#90 &#65

ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)

0045 004C 0049 005A 0041

British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)

Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)

3946436035

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INDEX

1. Definition
2. Crosswords
3. Usage: Modern
4. Usage: Commercial 		5. Images: Slideshow
6. Images: Photo Album
7. Quotations: Familiar
8. Usage Frequency 		9. Names: Frequency
10. Names: Derived from
11. Names: Company Usage
12. Expressions 		13. Expressions: Internet
14. Derivations
15. Anagrams
16. Orthography 		17. Bibliography


  

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.