Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

DESERTIFICATION

Specialty Definition: DESERTIFICATION

DomainDefinition

Science

The man-made or natural formation of desert from usable land. (references)

Weather

The progressive destruction or degradation of existing vegetative cover to form desert. This can occur due to overgrazing, deforestation, drought, and the burning of extensive areas. Once formed, deserts can only support a sparse range of vegetation. Climatic effects associated with this phenomenon include increased albedo, reduced atmospheric humidity, and greater atmospheric dust (aerosol) loading. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Top     

Specialty Definition: Desertification

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Desertification means land degradation in arid, semi arid and dry sub-humid areas resulting from various factors, including climatic variations and human activities. Modern desertification arises from the demands of increased populations that settle on the land in order to grow crops and graze animals.

Desertification is widespread in many areas of China. The populations of rural areas have increased since 1949 for political reasons as more people have settled there. While there has been an increase in livestock, the land available for grazing has decreased. Also the importing of European cattle such as Fresian and Simmental, which have higher food intakes, has made things worse.

Some arid and semi-arid lands can just support crops, but additional pressure from greater populations or decreases in rainfall can lead to the few plants present disappearing. The soil becomes exposed to wind, causing soil particles to be deposited elsewhere. The top layer becomes eroded. With the removal of shade, rates of evaporation increase and salts become drawn up to the surface. This is salinisation, and inhibits plant growth. The loss of plants causes less moisture to be retained in the area, which may change the climate pattern leading to lower rainfall.

A number of schemes have been tried to reduce the rate of desertification and regain lost land. Leguminous plants, which use nitrogen they extract from the air, can be planted. Stones placed around the base of trees increase the shade available for plants and insects. Artificial grooves in the ground can be dug to retain moisture and trap wind-pollinated seeds. In Iran oil is being sprayed over semi-arid land with crops. This coats seedlings to prevent moisture loss and stop them being blown away. Windbreaks made from trees and bushes to reduce soil erosion and evapotranspiration was widely encouraged by development agencies from the middle of the 1980s in the Sahel area of Africa.

Desertification is a historic fenomenon. Through dated fossil pollen, it has been found that todays Sahara desert has been changing between desert and fertile savanna. Studies also show that this desert advance and retreat depending on rainfall, every year.

See also: deforestation.

External Link and References

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Desertification."

Top     

Synonym: DESERTIFICATION

Synonym: Aridization of land. (additional references)

Top     

Crosswords: DESERTIFICATION

Specialty definitions using "DESERTIFICATION": affected areasmitigating the effects of drought. (references)

Top     

Commercial Usage: DESERTIFICATION

DomainTitle

Books

  • The Encroaching Desert: The Human Consequences of Desertification (reference)

    (more book examples)

  

Theater & Movies

  • Understanding Drought and Desertification (reference)

    (more DVD examples; more video examples)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Top     

Photo Album: DESERTIFICATION

ThumbnailDescription & Credit

Desertification near BOPAgricultureBirds of Prey National Conservation AreaOwyhee Field OfficeLSRDLower Snake River District. Credit: Unknown.

Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.

Top     

Non-Fiction Usage: DESERTIFICATION

SubjectTopicQuote

Economic History

Niger

Drought cycles, desertification, a 3.4% population growth rate and the drop in world demand for uranium have undercut an already marginal economy. (references)

China

Government officials encourage farmers to plant forage grasses, like alfalfa, as a means to feed livestock while also preventing erosion and desertification. (references)

Algeria

Soil erosion from overgrazing and other poor farming practices; desertification; dumping of raw sewage, petroleum refining wastes, and other industrial effluents is leading to the pollution of rivers and coastal waters; the Mediterranean Sea, in particular, is becoming polluted from oil wastes, soil erosion, and fertilizer runoff; there are inadequate supplies of potable water. (references)

Minorities

Chad

However, recent migrations in response to urbanization and desertification made a north-south breakdown too simplistic. (references)

Mauritania

A number of accounts indicate that redistribution of southern farmland to Moors since the acceleration of desertification in the 1970's has contributed to tensions between Moors and southern-based ethnic groups. (references)

Mauritania

The acceleration of desertification during the 1970's that destroyed much of the traditional economic basis of Moorish society, and an upsurge of Arab nationalism among White Moors during the 1980's, contributed to ethnic violence precipitated by a dispute with Senegal during 1989-91; this violence entailed the expulsion or flight of many non-Moors living in the south and occupation of much of their land by Moors, including Black Moors. (references)

Political Economy

Mauritania

Drought, desertification, and insect infestation have contributed to rapid urbanization, extensive unemployment, pervasive poverty, and a burdensome foreign debt. (references)

Mali

Desertification, deforestation, soil degradation, and social limitations, including a current estimated literacy rate of approximately 30 percent (48 percent for men and 12 percent for women) and a high population growth rate (2.8 percent), contributed to poverty. (references)

Worker Rights

Mauritania

The south has suffered less from desertification, and some reports identify it as the region in which vestiges and consequences of slavery persist most strongly. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

Top     

Usage Frequency: DESERTIFICATION

"DESERTIFICATION" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 98.67% of the time. "DESERTIFICATION" is used about 75 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)
Parts of SpeechPercentUsage per
100 Million Words
Rank in English
Noun (singular)98.67%7438,813
Noun (common)1.33%1339,140
                    Total100.00%75N/A

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

Top     

Expression: DESERTIFICATION

Expression using "DESERTIFICATION": combating desertification. Additional references.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Top     

Frequency of Internet Keywords: DESERTIFICATION

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.
 
ExpressionFrequency
per Day

desertification

116

africa desertification in

12

desertification picture

7

africa desertification

4

cause desertification

4

arid desertification zone

3

desertification sahel

3

desertification problem

2

desertification map

2

combat day desertification world

2

desertification photo

2
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Top     

Modern Translation: DESERTIFICATION

Language Translations for "DESERTIFICATION"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.

Danish

  

De Forenede Nationers konvention om bekæmpelse af ørkendannelse i de lande,der er ramt af alvorlig tørke og/eller ørkendannelse,særlig i Afrika (particularly in Africa, United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in those countries experiencing serious drought and/or desertification), bekæmpelse af ørkendannelse (combating desertification). (various references)

   

Dutch

  

Woestijnverdrag (particularly in Africa, United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in those countries experiencing serious drought and/or desertification), VN-woestijnconferentie (United Nations Conference on Desertification (Aug.29 - Sept.9), Verdrag van de Verenigde Naties ter bestrijding van woestijnvorming in de landen die te kampen hebben met ernstige droogte en/of woestijnvorming,in het bijzonder in Afrika (particularly in Africa, United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in those countries experiencing serious drought and/or desertification), Verdrag van de Vereingde Naties ter bestrijding van woestijnvorming in de landen die te kampen hebben met ernstige droogte en/of woestijnvorming,in het bijzonder in Afrika (particularly in Africa, United Nations Convention to combat desertification in those countries experiencing serious drought and/or desertification), stoppen van de woestijngroei (combating desertification), conferentie over woestijnvorming (United Nations Conference on Desertification (Aug.29 - Sept.9), bestrijden van woestijnvorming (combating desertification). (various references)

   

Finnish

  

aavikoitumisen estämiseen (combating desertification). (various references)

   

French

  

lutte contre la désertification (combating desertification), Convention sur la lutte contre la désertification (Convention to Combat Desertification), Convention des Nations unies sur la lutte contre la désertification dans les pays gravement touchés par la sécheresse et/ou la désertification,en particulier en Afrique (United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in those countries experiencing serious drought and/or desertification), Convention des Nations unies sur la lutte contre la désertification dans les pays gravement touchés par la sécheresse et/ ou la désertification,en particulier en Afrique (United Nations Convention to combat desertification in those countries experiencing serious drought and/or desertification), Conférence des Nations Unies sur la Désertification (United Nations Conference on Desertification (Aug.29 - Sept.9), CLD (Convention to Combat Desertification). (various references)

   

German

  

Wüsten-Konvention (particularly in Africa, United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in those countries experiencing serious drought and/or desertification), Bekämpfung der Wüstenbildung (combating desertification), Übereinkommen der Vereinten Nationen zur Bekämpfung der Wüstenbildung in den von Dürre und/oder Wüstenbildung schwer betroffenen Ländern,insbesondere in Afrika (particularly in Africa, United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in those countries experiencing serious drought and/or desertification), Übereinkommen der Vereinten Nationen zur Bekämpfung der Wüstenbildung in den von Dürre and/oder Wüstenbildung schwer betroffenen Ländern,insbesondere in Afrika (particularly in Africa, United Nations Convention to combat desertification in those countries experiencing serious drought and/or desertification). (various references)

   

Greek 

  

Σύμβαση των Ηνωμένων Εθνών για την καταπολέμηση της απερήμωσης στις χώρες εκείνες που αντιμετωπίζουν σοβαρή ξηρασία ή/και απερήμωση,ιδιαί (United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in those countries experiencing serious drought and/or desertification). (various references)

   

Italian

  

lotta contro la desertificazione (combating desertification), Convenzione delle Nazioni unite contro la desertificazione nei paesi gravemente colpiti dalla siccit e/o dalla desertificazione,in particolare in Africa (particularly in Africa, United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in those countries experiencing serious drought and/or desertification). (various references)

   

Pig Latin

  

esertificationday

   

Portuguese

  

Convenção das Nações Unidas de combate desertificação nos paises afectados por seca grave e/ou desertificação,particularmente em África (particularly in Africa, United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in those countries experiencing serious drought and/or desertification), Convenção das Nações Unidas de combate a desertificação nos países afectados por seca grave e/ou desertificação,particularmente em África (particularly in Africa, United Nations Convention to combat desertification in those countries experiencing serious drought and/or desertification), combate desertificação (combating desertification). (various references)

   

Russian 

  

опустынивание. (various references)

   

Spanish

  

lucha contra la desertificación (combating desertification), Convención de las Naciones Unidas de lucha contra la desertificación en los países afectados por sequia grave o desertificación,en particular en África (particularly in Africa, United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in those countries experiencing serious drought and/or desertification), Convención de las Naciones Unidas de lucha contra la desertificación en los países afectados por sequía grave o desertificación,en particular en África (particularly in Africa, United Nations Convention to combat desertification in those countries experiencing serious drought and/or desertification). (various references)

   

Swedish

  

Förenta nationernas konvention för bekämpning av ökenspridning (particularly in Africa, United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in those countries experiencing serious drought and/or desertification), bekämpning av ökenspridning (combating desertification). (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

Top     

Derivations & Misspellings: DESERTIFICATION

Derivations

Words beginning with "DESERTIFICATION": desertifications. (additional references)

Words ending with "DESERTIFICATION": antidesertification. (additional references)


Misspellings

"DESERTIFICATION" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: desertfication, dessertification, esterification, recertification. (additional references)

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

Top     

Anagrams: DESERTIFICATION

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

Words within the letters "a-c-d-e-e-f-i-i-i-n-o-r-s-t-t"

-1 letter: esterification.

-3 letters: deifications, dictionaries, disorientate, edifications, reifications.

-4 letters: certainties, considerate, creationist, defecations, deification, denitrifies, dentifrices, desecration, detractions, distraction, edification, federations, fictioneers, identifiers, rancidities, recitations, reification, reinitiated, reinitiates, retinitides, transfected.

-5 letters: acidifiers, acridities, ancestored, anecdotist, antierotic, atrocities, carnotites, certainest, contrasted, coresident, deaconries, defecation, defections, deficients, dentifrice, detections, detraction, detritions, dictations, dieticians, dietitians, directions, discretion, distincter.

 Words containing the letters "a-c-d-e-e-f-i-i-i-n-o-r-s-t-t"
 

+1 letter: decertifications, desertifications.

 

+4 letters: antidesertification, overidentifications.

 

+5 letters: cytodifferentiations.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

Top     



INDEX

1. Synonyms
2. Crosswords
3. Usage: Commercial
4. Images: Photo Album
5. Quotations: Non-fiction
6. Usage Frequency
7. Expressions
8. Expressions: Internet
9. Translations: Modern
10. Derivations
11. Anagrams
12. Bibliography


  

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.