Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
| Domain | Definition |
Computing | Deep Blue |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Deep Blue was the first computer system to win a chess game against a reigning world champion, Gary Kasparov, under regular time controls. This first win occurred on February 10, 1996, and Deep Blue - Kasparov, 1996, Game 1 is a famous chess game. However, Kasparov won 3 games and drew 2 of the following games, beating Deep Blue by a score of 4-2.
Deep Blue was then heavily upgraded and played Kasparov again in May 1997, winning the six-game rematch 3.5-2.5, ending on May 11th. Deep Blue thus became the first computer system to defeat a reigning world champion in a match under standard chess tournament time controls.
The project was started as "Chiptest" at Carnegie Mellon University by Feng-hsiung Hsu; the computer system produced was named Deep Thought after the fictional computer of the same name. Hsu joined IBM in 1989 and worked with Murray Campbell on parallel computing problems. Deep Blue was developed out of this.
The system derives its playing strength mainly out of brute force computing power. It is a massively parallel, 32-node, RS/6000, SP-based computer system enhanced with 256 special purpose VLSI chess processors. Its chess playing program is written in C and runs under the AIX operating system. It is capable of evaluating 100,000,000 positions per second.
Its evaluation function was initially written in a generalized form, with many to-be-determined parameters (e.g.: how important is a safe king position compared to a space advantage in the center, etc.). The optimal values for these parameters were then determined by the system itself, by analyzing thousands of master games. Before the second match, the chess knowledge of the program was fine tuned by grandmaster Joel Benjamin. The opening library was provided by the grandmasters Miguel Illescas, John Fedorovich and Nick De Firmian.
After the lost match, Kasparov said that he sometimes saw deep intelligence and creativity in the machine's moves, which he could not understand. He also suggested that humans may have helped the machine during the match. He demanded a rematch, but IBM declined and retired Deep Blue.
In part these allegations were correct. The rules provided for the engineers to modify the program between games, an opportunity they took with abandon. The code was modified between games to understand Kasparov's playstyle better, allowing it to avoid a trap in the final game that the AI had fallen for twice before.
See also: Blue Gene, computer chess, X3D Fritz
External Links
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Deep Blue."
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Danger | At stake, in question; precarious, critical, ticklish; slippery, slippy; hanging by a thread; Verb: with a halter round one's neck; between the hammer and the anvil, between Scylla and Charybdis, between a rock and a hard place, between the devil and the deep blue sea, between two fires; on the edge of a precipice, on the brink of a precipice, on the verge of a precipice, on the edge of a volcano; in the lion's den, on slippery ground, under fire; not out of the wood. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: DEEP BLUE |
| English words defined with "DEEP BLUE": Aphyllanthes ♦ Black Stream ♦ California bluebell, cascade penstemon ♦ genus Aphyllanthes, glistening, glossy ♦ indigo bird, indigo bunting, indigo finch ♦ Killow ♦ lustrous ♦ Mazarine blue ♦ Passerina cyanea, Penstemon serrulatus, Perchromic, Phacelia campanularia, Pheasant parrot ♦ Rock parrakeet ♦ Saxon blue, sheeny, shining, shiny, Smalt, Smalt-blue, spring beauty ♦ water sapphire. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "DEEP BLUE": boleite ♦ Long-haired white ♦ saphir d'eau ♦ White Long-Hair, White Persian. (references) |
| Domain | Usage | |
Lyrics | And rolled beneath a deep blue sky (The End of the Innocence; performing artist: Don Henley) Devil and the deep blue sea behind me (Wrapped Around Your Finger; performing artist: The Police) Joy to the fishes in the deep blue sea (Joy to the World; performing artist: Three Dog Night) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Deep Blue (2003) The Deep Blue Sea (1974) Deep Blue (2001) Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea (1995) The Deep Blue Sea (1994) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
Books |
| ||
Theater & Movies | |||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | The Parana River delta is a huge forested marshland about 32km northeast of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The area is a very popular tour destination. Guided boat tours can be taken into this vast labyrinth of marsh and trees. The Parana River delta is one of the world's greatest bird-watching destinations. This image highlights the striking contrast between dense forest and wetland marshes, and the deep blue ribbon of the Parana River. Credit: NASA. |  | View of volcanic tuffs from the lower trail, carved out of soft rock by wind and rain to make points that project into a deep blue New Mexico sky. Tent Rocks is now known by its Cochiti Indian name of"Kasha Katuwe.". Credit: Janice Gamby. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | He felt as though he was swimming in the deep blue sky. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Economic History | Marshall Islands | Flag: Deep blue background with two rays, one orange and one white, and a 24-point star. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day |
deep blue sea | 159 |
deep blue | 108 |
deep blue something | 85 |
the deep blue sea movie | 9 |
deep blue movie | 7 |
danny the deep blue sea | 6 |
devil and the deep blue sea | 6 |
deep blue something mp3 | 6 |
deep blue something tab | 5 |
kasparov deep blue | 5 |
between devil and deep blue sea | 4 |
deep blue sea cast | 3 |
deep blue sea picture | 2 |
the deep blue ocean | 2 |
kasparov vs deep blue | 2 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Language | Translations for "DEEP BLUE"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
German | tiefblau (azure). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Hungarian | között (amid, amidst, among, amongst, between, between the devil and the deep blue see, between the devil and the deep sea, betwixt, break between two friends), két tűz (between the devil and the deep blue see, between the devil and the deep sea), két malomkő között (between the devil and the deep blue see, between the devil and the deep sea), hátul víz (between the devil and the deep blue see, between the devil and the deep sea), elöl tűz (between the devil and the deep blue see, between the devil and the deep sea). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | turchino (bice, blue). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Kanji | 紺色 . (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Katakana | まさお (ghastly pale), まっさお (ghastly pale), ""ぺき (azure), ""いろ, "" (navy blue, now, soul, spirit, this). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | eepday ueblay siniliu (bluish), albastru-închis (dark blue). (various references) djupblå. (various references) อยู่ในสถานการ"์ที่ต้องเลือกระหว่างสองสิ่งที่เสี่ยงและไม่ต้องการทั้งคู่ (between the devil and the deep blue sea). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "b-d-e-e-e-l-p-u" | |
-1 letter: bleeped. | |
-2 letters: beeped, peeled. | |
-3 letters: bedel, bleed, bleep, blued, duple, elude, lubed, plebe, puled. | |
-4 letters: bedu, beep, bled, blue, deep, dele, duel, dupe, epee, leud, lube, lude, peed, peel, pele, pleb, pled, pule. | |
-5 letters: bed, bee, bel, bud, deb, dee, del, dub, due, dup, eel, eld, led, lee, leu, ped, pee, pub, pud, pul. | |
| Words containing the letters "b-d-e-e-e-l-p-u" | |
+4 letters: undependable. | |
+5 letters: doublespeaker. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
