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Definition: Crown |
CrownNoun1. The crown as a symbol of a monarchy; "the colonies revolted against the crown". 2. The enamel covered part of a tooth above the gum. 3. A wreath or garland worn on the head to signify victory. 4. An ornamental jewelled headdress signifying sovereignty. 5. The part of a hat (the vertex) covering the crown of the head. 6. The uppermost part of a shape; "at the peak of the pyramid". 7. An English coin worth 5 shillings. 8. The upper branches and leaves of a tree. 9. The top point of a mountain or hill; "the view from the peak was magnificent"; "they clambered to the summit of Monadnock". 10. : the award given to the champion. 11. : the top of the head. 12. : the center of a cambered road. Verb1. Invest with regal power; enthrone; "The prince was crowned in Westminster Abbey". 2. Be the culminating event; "The speech crowned the meeting". 3. Form the topmost part of; "A weather vane crowns the building". 4. Put a crown on; "crown my teeth". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "crown" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1010. (references) |
Note: Crown \Crown\ (kroun), transitive verb. [imperfect & past participle. Crowned(kround); Crowning.]. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Bible | Crown (1.) Denotes the plate of gold in the front of the high priest's mitre (Ex. 29:6; 39:30). The same Hebrew word so rendered (ne'zer) denotes the diadem worn by Saul in battle (2 Sam. 1:10), and also that which was used at the coronation of Joash (2 Kings 11:12). (2.) The more general name in Hebrew for a crown is _'atarah_, meaning a "circlet." This is used of crowns and head ornaments of divers kinds, including royal crowns. Such was the crown taken from the king of Ammon by David (2 Sam. 12:30). The crown worn by the Assyrian kings was a high mitre, sometimes adorned with flowers. There are sculptures also representing the crowns worn by the early Egyptian and Persian kings. Sometimes a diadem surrounded the royal head-dress of two or three fillets. This probably signified that the wearer had dominion over two or three countries. In Rev. 12:3; 13:1, we read of "many crowns," a token of extended dominion. (3.) The ancient Persian crown (Esther 1:11; 2:17; 6:8) was called _kether_; i.e., "a chaplet," a high cap or tiara. Crowns were worn sometimes to represent honour and power (Ezek. 23:42). They were worn at marriages (Cant. 3:11; Isa. 61:10, "ornaments;" R.V., "a garland"), and at feasts and public festivals. The crown was among the Romans and Greeks a symbol of victory and reward. The crown or wreath worn by the victors in the Olympic games was made of leaves of the wild olive; in the Pythian games, of laurel; in the Nemean games, of parsley; and in the Isthmian games, of the pine. The Romans bestowed the "civic crown" on him who saved the life of a citizen. It was made of the leaves of the oak. In opposition to all these fading crowns the apostles speak of the incorruptible crown, the crown of life (James 1:12; Rev. 2:10) "that fadeth not away" (1 Pet. 5:4, Gr. amarantinos; comp. 1:4). Probably the word "amaranth" was applied to flowers we call "everlasting," the "immortal amaranth." Source: Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary. |
Building & Civil Engineering | The rise from the edges of a road to its crown, expressed as the vertical difference in level. Source: European Union. (references) |
Chemistry | The top portion of a cut gem; the uppermost circle of facets; the portion of a brilliant above the girdle. Source: European Union. (references) |
Dream Interpretation | To dream of a crown, prognosticates change of mode in the habit of one's life. The dreamer will travel a long distance from home and form new relations. Fatal illness may also be the sad omen of this dream. To dream that you wear a crown, signifies loss of personal property. To dream of crowning a person, denotes your own worthiness. To dream of talking with the President of the United States, denotes that you are interested in affairs of state, and sometimes show a great longing to be a politician. Source: Ten Thousand Dreams Interpreted .... |
Food & Agriculture | The upper part of a tree or other woody plant, carrying the main branch system and foliage, and surmounting at the crown base a more or less clean stem. Source: European Union. (references) |
Industry | Upper part of a brilliant. Source: European Union. (references) |
Law | Royal power; the supreme governing power in a monarchy. Source: European Union. (references) |
Literature | Crown In heraldry nine crowns are recognised: The oriental, the triumphal or imperial, the diadem, the obsidional crown, the civic, the crown vallery, the mural crown, the naval, and the crown celestial. The blockade crown (corona obsidionalis), presented by the Romans to the general who liberated a beleaguered army. This was made of grass and wild flowers gathered from the spot. A camp crown was given by the Romans to him who first forced his way into the enemy's camp. It was made of gold, and decorated with palisades. A civic crown was presented to him who preserved the life of a civis or Roman citizen in battle. This crown was made of oak leaves, and bore the inscription, H.O.C.S. - i.e. hostem occidit, civem servavit (a foe he slew, a citizen saved). A mural crown was given by the Romans to that man who first scaled the wall of a besieged town. It was made of gold and decorated with battlements. A naval crown was by the Romans given to him who won a naval victory. It was made of gold, and decorated with the beaks of ships. An olive crown was by the Romans given to those who distinguished themselves in battle in some way not specially mentioned in other clauses. An ovation crown (corona ovalis) was by the Romans given to the general who vanquished pirates or any despised enemy. It was made of myrtle. A triumphal crown was by the Romans given to the general who obtained a triumph. It was made of laurel or bay leaves. Sometimes a massive gold crown was given to a victorious general. (See Laurel.) The iron crown of Lombardy is the crown of the ancient Longobardic kings. It is now at Monza, in Italy. Henry of Luxembourg and succeeding kings were crowned with it. Napoleon I. put it on his head with his own hands. It is a thin fillet of iron, said to be hammered from a nail of the true cross, covered with a gold circle, enamelled with jewels, etc. Source: Brewer's Dictionary. |
Medicine | Fitted by means of artificial resin on to a previously shaped stump ; a crown or crownlike structure. Source: European Union. (references) |
Mining | A. The curved roof of a tunnel b. As used by the drilling and bit-setting industries in the United States, the portion of the bit inset or impregnated with diamonds formed by casting or pressure-molding and sintering processes; hence the steel bit blank to which the crown is attached is not considered part of the crown. Syn:bit crown c. A timber crossbar up to 16 ft (5 m) long, supported by two heavy legs, or uprights, one at each end. Crowns may be set at 3-ft (1-m) intervals; sometimes a roof bolt is put up through the center of the crown d. The topmost part of a drill tripod, derrick, or mast e. The part of a furnace forming the top or roof. f. The top or highest part of a mountain or an igneous intrusion; the summit g. The practically undisturbed material still in place and adjacent to thehighest parts of the scarp along which a landslide moved. (references) |
Personal Care & Hotels | Of a hat. Source: European Union. (references) |
Sports & Leisure | The upper portion of a parachute canopy. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Portraits of the Queen can be found in most Canadian government buildingsCanada is a Constitutional Monarchy with Queen Elizabeth II as its reigning monarch and head of state.
In Canada, Her Majesty's official title is Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom, Canada and Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith. Such capacity is Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. In common practice Queen Elizabeth II is referred to simply as "The Queen" or "The Queen of Canada" when in Canada.
Constitutional monarchy in Canada
The most notable features of the Canadian constitutional monarchy are:
- Although Queen Elizabeth II is also monarch of the United Kingdom, this does not mean that the United Kingdom has any sovereignty over Canada (nor that Canada has any sovereignty over the United Kingdom).
- In all matters of state, Queen Elizabeth II as Queen of Canada is advised exclusively by her governments in Canada. No British government can advise the Canadian monarch on Canadian matters.
- All executive power theoretically reposes in the Queen, who is represented in Canada by the Governor-General of Canada, the lieutenant governors of the provinces, and the territorial commissioners. Royal Assent is required on all acts of Parliament and the legislatures, which sit at her pleasure. Persons swearing allegiance to Canada, such as immigrants, soldiers, parliamentarians and the like, swear allegiance to Her Majesty as Queen of Canada and as the legal embodiment of Canadian sovereignty.
- Nevertheless, as in the UK, the Queen's role is nearly entirely symbolic and cultural, and the powers that are theoretically hers are exercised wholly upon the "advice" of the elected government. However, the Queen may act against such advice based upon her reserve powers. In practice, the monarchy functions much like a rubber stamp and a ceremonial symbol of executive authority. It is often explained that the Queen reigns but does not rule. For more explanation of the Queen's role, see Governor-General of Canada.
History
Canada has been independent of the United Kingdom since a combination of the Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act, 1927 (which replaced the concept of a singular crown throughout the British Empire with multiple crowns with each dominion as a separate kingdom, all worn by the common shared monarch) and the Statute of Westminster 1931, which granted the dominions of the Commonwealth independence from the British parliament and equality with the United Kingdom. Canada's constitution was repatriated under Prime Minister Trudeau in 1982, becoming a Canadian law rather than an act of the British parliament which required amendment in both jurisdictions. See Canada Act 1982.
The Throne of Canada
Throne Chairs for The Queen of Canada, and the Duke of Edinburgh and the Governor General, in the Canadian Senate, Ottawa. (The front chair is used by the Speaker of the Senate)However the repatriation of the constitution did not have any impact on the position of Queen Elizabeth as Queen of Canada, though the rules of succession are still laid down in British, not Canadian law.
Occasionally, the Queen's authority is appealed to by Canada's partisan political leaders.
In 1992, Brian Mulroney, then Prime Minister of Canada, appealed to the Queen (through the Governor-General) to temporarily add eight seats to the Senate (a right reserved for the queen). Senators are appointed until the age of 75 in Canada, and it is generally believed that Mulroney made this move in order to secure passage of the controversial Goods and Services Tax, which faced widespread opposition in Canada, and would not have passed there without the votes of the newly appointed Senators.
This was an occasion on which the Queen played a significant role in Canadian government, though as the monarch's advisors made clear, the monarch felt bound to do as advised by Her Prime Minister, who was answerable to cabinet, parliament and the Canadian electorate for whatever advice he gave. They argued that to in effect overrule prime ministerial advice would have involved the Queen directly in controversy; by automatically accepting advice she placed the responsibility on the person giving the advice.
Debate
Throughout Canada's history there has rarely been much discussion or debate on the continued existence of the "Canadian monarchy." Historically, the monarchy has often been touted by Canadians as one of the key differences between the United States and Canada.
In recent years however, some Canadians, such as Deputy Prime Minister John Manley have advocated the abolishment of the Canadian monarchy, and the establishment of a republic with head of state as a fully Canadian (and possibly democratically-elected) office. In contrast to Australian republicanism, there is not much public interest in turning Canada into a republic.
Arguments against the monarchy claim that its abolition would be a blow for democracy and remove an unnecessary expense for the Canadian taxpayer. Many Canadian republicans also say it would remove Canada's last political connection to her colonial past, and thus improve her image as a sovereign nation.
On the other hand, some of the monarchy's defenders have argued that having a Canadian monarchy, with a Queen of Canada and a governor-general, allows Canada to highlight its difference from the United States, whereas a republican president might be seen just another president on the American continent where the most prominent president is the President of the United States.
It is also noted that whereas Canada currently has a female head of state and female governor-general, no woman has ever been president or vice-president in the United States. They also argue that a republican head of state would cost more, not less, than the current monarchy, with additional costs involving in updating the governor-general's residences to full head of state presidential palace level, the costs of state visit, political advisors, increased ceremonial functions, etc, functions that in many cases do not exist for a governor-general, given that they are not a full head of state, but which would be required for a Canadian president. There is also, in large part because of previous long disputes over constitutional issues and reforms, a reluctance to enter into the extensive constitutional renegotiation that would be required to establish a new political system in Canada. At any rate, at this time this issue is not at all high on peoples' minds. A recent poll suggested that only 5% of Canadians are aware that Canada's Queen and Head of State is Elizabeth II. Most Canadians incorrectly regard the Prime Minister as the nation's Head of State.
The Canadian monarchy has a powerful special interest group, known as the Monarchist League of Canada. The republican movement has a smaller, recently-formed group, known as Citizens for a Canadian Republic.
See also
- Australian Constitutional History describes the parallel history of the monarchy in another former British dominion.
External Links
- The Canadian Monarchy - Official Site
- Canadian Monarchist ONLINE - a Canadian website promoting Canada's constitutional monarchy
- Res Publica : Canada - an international anti-monarchy Web directory
- Canadian Monarchist League
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Canadian monarchy."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Crown is found in the title of the following articles:Monarchy
Currencies
- Crown (headgear) - headgear worn by a monarch
- The Crown - term used to separate the government authority and property of the government from the personal influence and private assets held by the current Monarch of a kingdom
- crowning
Other
- Crown (coin) - British Crown, a coin
- Koruna - the Czech Crown
- Danish krone - the Danish Crown
- Kroon - the Estonian Crown
- Króna - the Icelandic Crown
- Norwegian krone - the Norwegian Crown
- Krona - the Swedish Crown
- Crown Records- a record label
- Crown (anatomy) - the top of the head
- Crown (game) - a computer game
- Wiktionary:crown
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Crown."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Crown reverse, 1953 and 1960. The Crown, originally known as the Crown of the Double Rose, was introduced as part of King Henry VIII's monetary reform of 1526. The first coins were minted in gold, and the first silver crowns were not produced until the reign of King Edward VI. Although many people believe that all crowns were minted in silver, until the time of the Commonwealth it was common for crowns to be minted in gold in some quantity. No crowns were minted in the reign of Philip and Mary, but silver as well as gold coins were minted in the reigns of Elizabeth I, James I, and Charles I. Crowns were minted in all reigns between Elizabeth I and Elizabeth II, the last being produced in 1981 -- coins of the same size are still produced, but have a face value of Five Pounds.
See also
British coinageSource: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Crown (coin)."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
A crown is a form of headgear worn by a monarch. It is often used symbolically to represent the monarchy (see The Crown), or items endorsed by it.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Crown (headgear)."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Crown glass is either of two kinds of glass.One type comes from the way window glass was first made. Glass was blown into a crown or hollow globe that is then flattened and cut. It is flattenned by reheating and spinning out the bowl-shaped piece of glass (bullion) into a flat disk by centrifugal force, up to 5 or 6 feet in diameter. The glass is then cut into the size required, because of the manufacturing process the best, thinnest, glass is in a band at the edge of the disk, with the glass becoming thicker and more distorting towards the centre. Due to the distribution of the best glass, in order to fill large window spaces many small diamond shapes would be cut from the edge of the disk and these would be mounted into a lead lattice work and fitted in the window.
Crown glass was one of the two most common processes for making glass for windows up until the 19th century, the other was blown plate. The process was first perfected by French glassmakers in the 1320s, notably around Rouen. The process was kept a careful trade secret, for example the first crown glass made in London was not until 1678. Compare to polished plate, cylinder sheet, rolled plate, and float glass.
The second use of the phrase is for a type of optical glass used in compound lenses. This Crown glass is produced from a special alkali-lime silicate incorporating a high amount of phosphorus pentoxide, it has a low index of refraction and low dispersion.
The first recorded use of crown glass in windows was at the Banqueting House at the Palace of Whitehall, London, in 1685.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Crown glass."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Crown jewels are those that belong to the sovereign and pass to the next sovereign to symbolize the right to rule. They usually include one or more crownss, scepters, orbs, swords, and/or ringss. The crown jewels of England are kept in the Tower of London (External link to Crown Jewels webpage); those of Scotland (the "Honours of Scotland") are kept in Edinburgh Castle. They are popular tourist attractions.On May 9, 1671 Thomas Blood, disguised as a clergyman, attempted to steal the Crown Jewels from the Tower. He was immediately caught because he was too drunk to run with the loot. He later was condemned to death for his actions but was mysteriously pardoned, exiled and given a pension by King Charles II.
. . . . . .
The "Imperial Regalia," the crown jewels of the Holy Roman Empire, are in the Imperial Treasury in Vienna, Austria.
The crown jewels of Denmark are on display at Rosenborg Castle in Copenhagen.
What is left of the crown jewels of France are on display in the Louvre in Paris.
The crown jewels of Hungary are on display in the Parliament Building in Budapest.
The crown jewels of Ethiopia are in Axum.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Crown Jewels."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Crown Records has been the name of at least three different record labels.1) United Kingdom based Crown Records
2) United States based Crown Records was headquartered in New York City in the mid 20th century.
USA Crown Records 78rpm discList of record labels
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Crown Records."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
This is a list of Swedish monarchs, that is, the Kingss and ruling Queenss of Sweden with Regents and Viceroys of the Kalmar Union up until the present time.
There are lists of Swedish (pagan) monarchs with dates far older than these. These records contain the early kings and gives an explanation to the numbering of the monarchs, particularly the names Erik and Karl (Eric and Charles). However these records are in many cases dubious and includes kings who supposedly reigned for 150 years. Because of this, lists of succession traditionally start with the first baptized christian king of Sweden, Olof Skötkonung and his father Erik Segersäll.
Monarchs, Regents and Viceroys of Sweden
The House of Yngling
The Houses of Sverker and Eric
- 985- 995 : Eric the Victorius (Erik Segersäll)
- 995-1022 : Olof of Sweden (Olof Skötkonung)
- 1022-1050 : Anund Jacob (Anund Jakob)
- 1050-1060 : Emund the Old (Emund den gamle)
- 1060-1066 : Stenkil of Sweden (Stenkil Ragnvaldsson)
- 1066-1067 : Eric VII of Sweden (Erik (VII) Stenkilsson)
- 1066-1067 : Eric VIII of Sweden (Erik (VIII) Hedningen)
- 1067-1070 : Halsten (Halsten)
- 1070-1079 : Haakon the Red (Håkan Röde)
- 1079-1084 : Halsten and Ingold I (Halsten and Inge (I) den äldre)
- 1084-1087 : Blot-Sweyn (Blot-Sven)
- 1087-1105 : Ingold I (Inge (I) den äldre)
- 1105-1118 : Philip Halsten (Filip Halsten)
- 1105-1125 : Ingold II (Inge (II) den yngre)
- 1125-1130 : Magnus the strong (Magnus den Starke Nilsson)
The House of Folkung
- 1130-1156 : Sverker I of Sweden (Sverker den äldre) - The House of Sverker
- 1156-1160 : Eric the Saint (Erik den helige) - The House of Eric
- 1160-1167 : Charles VII of Sweden (Karl Sverkersson) - The House of Sverker
- 1167-1195 : Canute I of Sweden (Knut Eriksson) - The House of Eric
- 1196-1208 : Sverker II of Sweden (Sverker den yngre) - The House of Sverker
- 1208-1216 : Eric X of Sweden (Erik Knutsson) - The House of Eric
- 1216-1222 : John I of Sweden (Johan Sverkersson) - The House of Sverker
- 1222-1229 : Eric XI of Sweden (Erik Eriksson) - The House of Eric
- 1229-1234 : Canute II of Sweden (Knut Långe)
- 1234-1250 : Eric XII of Sweden (Erik Eriksson) - The House of Eric
Regents of the Kalmar Union and Viceroys (Riksföreståndare)
- 1250-1275 : Valdemar I of Sweden (Valdemar Birgersson)
- 1275-1290 : Magnus I of Sweden (Magnus Ladulås)
- 1290-1318 : Birger of Sweden (Birger Magnusson)
- 1319-1364 : Magnus II of Sweden (Magnus Eriksson)
- 1363-1395 : Albert of Mecklenburg (Albrekt av Mecklenburg)
The House of Vasa
- 1389-1412 : Margaret I of Sweden (Margareta)
- 1396-1439 : Eric of Pomerania (Erik av Pommern)
- 1438-1440 : Charles VIII of Sweden (Karl Knutsson Bonde)
- 1441-1448 : Christopher of Bavaria (Kristoffer av Bayern)
- 1448-1448 : Viceroys Bengt and Nils Jönsson Oxenstierna
- 1448-1457 : Charles VIII of Sweden
- 1457-1457 : Viceroys Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna and Eric Axelsson Tott
- 1457-1464 : Christian I of Sweden (Kristian I)
- 1464-1465 : Charles VIII of Sweden
- 1465-1465 : Viceroy Kettil Karlsson Vasa
- 1465-1466 : Viceroy Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna
- 1466-1467 : Viceroy Eric Axelsson Tott
- 1467-1470 : Charles VIII of Sweden
- 1470-1497 : Viceroy Sten Sture the elder (Sten Sture den äldre)
- 1497-1501 : John II of Sweden (Hans)
- 1501-1503 : Viceroy Sten Sture the elder
- 1504-1511 : Viceroy Svante Sture (Svante Nilsson Sture)
- 1512-1512 : Viceroy Eric Trolle
- 1512-1520 : Viceroy Sten Sture the younger (Sten Sture den yngre)
- 1520-1521 : Christian II of Sweden (Kristian II Tyrann))
The House of Palatinate
- 1521-1560 : Gustav I of Sweden (Gustav Vasa)
- As Gustav Vasa, viceroy 1521-1523
- 1560-1568 : Eric XIV of Sweden (Erik XIV)
- 1568-1592 : John III of Sweden (Johan III)
- 1592-1599 : Sigismund of Sweden (Sigismund)
- 1599-1611 : Charles IX of Sweden (Karl IX)
- As Duke Charles, viceroy 1599-1604
- 1611-1632 : Gustav Adolphus the great (Gustaf II Adolf den store)
- 1632-1654 : Christina of Sweden (Kristina)
The House of Hesse
- 1654-1660 : Charles X Gustav of Sweden (Karl X Gustav)
- 1660-1697 : Charles XI of Sweden (Karl XI)
- 1697-1718 : Charles XII of Sweden (Karl XII)
- 1719-1720 : Ulrike Eleonora of Sweden (Ulrika Eleonora)
The House of Holstein-Gottorp
- 1720-1751 : Frederick I of Sweden (Fredrik I)
The House of Bernadotte
- 1751-1771 : Adolf Frederick of Sweden (Adolf Fredrik)
- 1771-1792 : Gustav III of Sweden (Gustav III)
- 1792-1809 : Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden (Gustav IV Adolf)
- 1809-1818 : Charles XIII of Sweden (Karl XIII)
- 1818-1844 : Charles XIV of Sweden (Karl XIV Johan)
- 1844-1859 : Oscar I of Sweden (Oskar I)
- 1859-1872 : Charles XV of Sweden (Karl XV)
- 1872-1907 : Oscar II of Sweden (Oskar II)
- 1907-1950 : Gustav V of Sweden (Gustav V)
- 1950-1973 : Gustav VI Adolf of Sweden (Gustav VI Adolf)
- Since 1973 : Carl XVI Gustav of Sweden (Carl XVI Gustav)
See also
- History of Sweden
- Royal mottos of Swedish monarchs
- Realm of Sweden
- Lands of Sweden
- Provinces of Sweden
- Dominions of Sweden
- Politics of Sweden
- Government of Sweden
- Constitution of Sweden
- Parliament of Sweden, Riksdag, Riksdag of the Estates
- King of Sweden
- Prime Minister of Sweden
- List of Swedes
- List of Swedish politicians
- List of Swedish military commanders
- Finnish rulers
- Estonian rulers
- Danish monarchs
- Norwegian monarchs
- Icelandic rulers
- Pomeranian rulers
- Lists of incumbents
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "List of Swedish monarchs."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The Crown is a term which is used to separate the government authority and property of the state in a kingdom, as opposed to any personal influence and private assets held by the current Monarch.In the UK 'The Crown' represents all rulership in the Kingdom, but is separate from the person currently wearing it. For example, the Queen owns some of her castles herself, and if she abdicated, she would keep them. Others belong to the Crown, and would belong to the next monarch.
The Crown is therefore a 'corporation sole' i.e. a legal being which can own property and have rights. Elizabeth Windsor is currently the post holder, and thus Queen of the United Kingdom. The holder of the position of the Crown will be King or Queen and officially governs the UK. In practice, of course, the UK is governed by the government derived from the democratically elected parliament, but this is only done 'on behalf of the Crown' and many people in the country are 'Crown Servants'. For instance, traditionally, prison warders were directly employed by the Crown, and not by the Prison Service. The Crown is also the source of all justice (hence why we have the 'Crown Prosecution Service' in the criminal courts whose lawyers are called 'Crown Prosecutors'), which also meant that it was immune from prosecution. Thus all Government departments were essentially immune from prosecution, which was so unfair that it was limited slightly by the Crown Proceedings Act 1947. Crown servants may not sit as Members of Parliament and this is used as a way of allowing MPs to retire before their time - they are awarded a job which is that of a Crown Servant (the most common is 'Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds') and thus disbarred as an MP.
The concept of the Crown took form under the Feudal System, evolving from and synthesising oriental and barbarian concepts of kingship. Under the Feudal System, in England and (separately) Scotland, all rights and privileges were ultimately granted by the ruler (though this was not the case in all countries that had this system). All land was granted by the Crown to lesser lords, in exchange for feudal services, and they granted the land to lesser lords. One exception to this was common socage - owners of land held as 'socage' held it subject only to the Crown. The Crown as ultimate owner of all property also owns any property which has become Bona Vacantia including finds of treasure declared Treasure Trove.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "The Crown."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
| CRI | English | Crown Research Institute | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: CrownSynonyms: capitulum (n), crest (n), diadem (n), pate (n), peak (n), pennant (n), poll (n), summit (n), tip (n), treetop (n), coronate (v), top (v). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Circularity | Circle, circlet, ring, areola, hoop, roundlet, annulus, annulet, bracelet, armlet; ringlet; eye, loop, wheel; cycle, orb, orbit, rundle, zone, belt, cordon, band; contrate wheel, crown wheel; hub; nave; sash, girdle, cestus, cincture, baldric, fillet, fascia, wreath, garland; crown, corona, coronet, chaplet, snood, necklace, collar; noose, lasso, lassoo. |
Clothing | Headdress, headgear; chapeau, crush hat, opera hat; kaffiyeh; sombrero, jam, tam-o-shanter, tarboosh, topi, sola topi, pagri, puggaree; cap, hat, beaver hat, coonskin cap; castor, bonnet, tile, wideawake, wimple; nightcap, mobcap, skullcap; hood, coif; capote, calash; kerchief, snood, babushka; head, coiffure; crown; (circle); chignon, pelt, wig, front, peruke, periwig, caftan, turban, fez, shako, csako, busby; kepi, forage cap, bearskin; baseball cap; fishing hat; helmet; mask, domino. |
Commission | Put in commission, accredit, engage, hire, bespeak, appoint, name, nominate, return, ordain; install, induct, inaugurate, swear in, invest, crown; enroll, enlist; give power of attorney to. |
Completion | Finish, bring to a close; (end); wind up, stamp, clinch, seal, set the seal on, put the seal; give the final touch;n. to; put the last, put the finishing hand to, put the finishing touches on; crown, crown all; cap. |
Money | Major coin, crown; minor coin. |
Summit | Verb: culminate, crown, top; overtop; (be superior to). |
Tip, tip top; crest, crow's nest, cap, truck, nib; end; crown, brow; head, nob, noddle, pate; capsheaf. | |
Title | Decoration, laurel, palm, wreath, garland, bays, medal, ribbon, riband, blue ribbon, cordon, cross, crown, coronet, star, garter; feather, feather in one,s cap; epaulet, epaulette, colors, livery; order, arms, shield, scutcheon; reward. |
Trophy | Noun: trophy; medal, prize, palm, award; laurel, laurels; bays, crown, chaplet, wreath, civic crown; insignia; feather in one's cap; (honor); decoration; garland, triumphal arch, Victoria Cross, Iron Cross. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Crown |
| English words defined with "crown": Civic crown, Crown bar, crown fire, Crown glass, crown jewel, Crown jewels, Crown land, Crown lawyer, crown lens, crown of thorns, Crown office, Crown Prince, crown princess, Crown side, Crown tax ♦ half crown ♦ Iron crown ♦ jacket crown ♦ Mural crown ♦ Obsidional crown ♦ triple crown ♦ Vallar crown. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "crown": Burning Crown ♦ CROWN ATTACHER, Crown Lengthening, crown of roadway, Crown of the East, crown pouncer, CROWN POUNCER, HAND ♦ Iron Crown of Lombardy ♦ Luke's Iron Crown ♦ SET-UP MECHANIC, CROWN ASSEMBLY MACHINE ♦ Vallary Crown ♦ WOOLLEY CROWN. (references) |
| Etymologies containing "crown": stephanotis. (references) |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | Archie was the bitch and Jughead was the butch- that's why Jughead wear the crown looking hat all the time: he's the king of queen Archie's world (Chasing Amy; writing credit: Kevin Smith.) Oh my gosh, it's the crown! (Miss Congeniality; writing credit: Marc Lawrence; Katie Ford) The hands represent friendship, the crown represents loyalty and the heart Well, you know Wear it with the heart pointing towards you. It means you belong to somebody (Buffy the Vampire Slayer; writing credit: Doreen Spicer) I'm not asking for your crown, Walter (The Legend of Bagger Vance; writing credit: Jeremy Leven) A slave stood behind the conqueror, holding a golden crown, and whispering in his ear a warning: that all glory is fleeting (Patton; writing credit: Ladislas Farago; Omar N. Bradley) | |
Lyrics | All around like some faded crown (Shine; performing artist: Cyndi Lauper) For the crown you've placed upon my head feels too heavy now (Hunter; performing artist: Dido) The jester stole his thorny crown (American Pie; performing artist: Don McLean) You sent me Crown Royale with a note attached (Get Me Home; performing artist: FOXY) I've driven deep the thorny crown (Miracle; performing artist: Jon Bon Jovi) | |
Clever | Who stabs my name would stab my person too, did not the hangman's axe lie in the way? (references; author: Crown) Every crown is made for a head, but every head is not made for a crown. (references; author: unknown) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Crown Court (1972) The Thomas Crown Affair (1968) If the Crown Fits (1961) The Hollow Crown (1956) | |
Song Titles | Crown Heights Affair (performing artist: Godchildren of Soul) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Close-up of a Serpulid worm's crown taken through the window of Hydrolab. Credit: National Undersea Research Program (NURP). |  | Crown of thorns starfish, Acanthaster planci, feeding on live coral adjacent to artificial reef. Credit: The Coral Kingdom. |
 | Schooling surgeonfish -Acanthuris sandvicensis (manini or convict tang) Acanthaster planci - crown of thorns starfish on seafloor. Credit: The Coral Kingdom. |  | Saguaro standing tall in the Ironwood Forest National Monument. In the backgound are the Ragged Top Mountains, described as the biological and geological crown jewel of the Silver Bell Mountains. Credit: Chris Tincher. |
 | Ironwood Forest National Monument with two Saguaro Cacti standing side by side. The backgound is the Ragged Top Mountain, described as the biological and geological crown jewel of the Silver Bell Mountains. Credit: Chris Tincher. |  | [Venesection from the crown of the head]. Credit: National Library of Medicine. |
 | Head and shoulders of woman wearing a crown. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | A large Don Carlos reaching to knock off the crown of a frightened King of Spain. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Aw! he's kiddin' yuh Bill -- that ain't th' Crown Prince!. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Diane Scholen, left, and Pat Kizeminski, right (runners-up) place doughnut crown on Nancy Templeton, National Doughnut Queen] / World Telegram & Sun p. Credit: Library of Congress; photo by Fred Palumbo.. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "Silver crown" by URBAN CREATOR Commentary: "Obscure silver crown against cracked red painted wall." | "Crown" by Lennart Jireland Commentary: "Honeysucklerose.Use it ,but credit me." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Author | Quotation |
Cicero | Old age: the crown of life, our play's last act. |
Francis Quarles | No cross no crown. |
Johann Friedrich Von Schiller | To gain a crown by fighting is great, to reject it divine. |
John Milton | A crown, golden in show is but a wreath of thorns. |
Lord Alfred Tennyson | A sorrow's crown of sorrow is remembering happier times. |
Martial | You'll get no laurel crown for outrunning a burro. |
Robert Greene | A mind content both crown and kingdom is. |
William Blake | The strongest poison ever known came from Caesar's laurel crown. |
William Shakespeare | Uneasy lies the head that wears a crown. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
Magna Carta | 1215 | No sheriff, constable, coroners, or others of our bailiffs, shall hold pleas of our Crown. (reference) |
John Locke | 1690 | The injury and the crime is equal, whether committed by the wearer of a crown, or some petty villain. (Second Treatise of Government) |
US Declaration of Independence | 1776 | We, therefore, the Representatives of the United States of America, in General Congress, Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the Name, and by Authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States; that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved; and that as Free and Independent States, they have full Power to levy War, conclude Peace, contract Alliances, establish Commerce, and to do all other Acts and Things which Independent States may of right do. (reference) |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | Crown property and the property of the former Emperor or other German sovereigns shall be assimilated to property of the public domain. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Emma | Austen, Jane | If it can be contrived to be at the Crown, papa, it will be very convenient for the horses |
After Three Days | Carroll, Lewis | Thus, as a sunless deep Mirrors the shining heights that crown the bay, So did my soul create anew in sleep The picture seen by day. |
Scarlet Letter | Hawthorne, Nathaniel | Now, after he had won the crown of martyrdom (though with no longer a head to wear it on), the point might be looked upon as settled |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | Of what use is it to deface the crown of Louis XIV. |
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man | Joyce, James | Half a crown cases |
Gulliver's Travels | Swift, Jonathan | Or, if that fund be deficient, it is largely supplied by the Crown. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Business | In the past, most hospitals operated their own incinerators, which were protected by Crown Immunity. (references) | |
On September 1998, the Saudi Crown Prince invited international oil companies (IOCs) to invest in the Saudi gas sector. (references) | ||
Of dentate residents, caries in the crown and the root, and significant plaque and tartar accumulation, are major problems. (references) | ||
Civil Liberties | United Arab Emirates | In May the Crown Prince of Dubai authorized the construction of a Greek Orthodox Church on donated land. (references) |
Bahrain | Some claimed that an article by Al-Shaikh published in a Lebanese newspaper criticizing Bahrain's Crown Prince was the reason for this banning. (references) | |
Monaco | Only the Prince can grant or restore nationality, but he is obliged by the Constitution to consult the Crown Council on each case before deciding. (references) | |
Economic History | The Netherlands | All judicial appointments are made by the Crown. (references) |
Kuwait | Upon the death of an amir, the crown prince assumes his position. (references) | |
Moldova | One such case in 2000 involved the U.S. company Crown Cork and Seal. (references) | |
Human Rights | United Kingdom | Their decisions may be appealed to the Crown Court, which also hears criminal cases requiring a jury trial, or to the High Court. (references) |
United Kingdom | Crown Court convictions may be appealed to the Court of Appeal, which may in turn refer cases involving points of law to the House of Lords. (references) | |
United Kingdom | Nongovernmental organizations (NGO's) reported that the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) is reluctant to charge police officers involved in unlawful killings and that few charges result in convictions. (references) | |
Indigenous People | Canada | Other test cases that involve members of aboriginal groups being tried on charges of illegally harvesting timber on Crown land continued in the court systems in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. (references) |
Political Economy | Saudi Arabia | A 1992 royal decree reserves for the King exclusive power to name the Crown Prince. (references) |
Saudi Arabia | The Basic Law stipulates that the King alone chooses his successor, the Crown Prince. (references) | |
Political Rights | Saudi Arabia | The King is also the Prime Minister, and the Crown Prince serves as Deputy Prime Minister. (references) |
Monaco | The President and three members of the Crown Council are chosen directly by the Prince for 3-year terms. (references) | |
Saudi Arabia | However, during the year, Crown Prince Abdullah held a variety of meetings with citizens throughout the country. (references) | |
Travel | Oman | The major hotels patronized by western business visitors and tourists in the Muscat area are: the Hyatt (a five-star beach front property, close to the U.S. Embassy, and with luxurious rooms and excellent restaurants), the Al Bustan Palace Hotel (five star, on the beach, a "must see" site), Muscat Intercontinental (convenient to most ministries and on the beach); Sheraton (overlooking the Ruwi central business district, with complete business center facilities); Muscat Holiday Inn and the Radisson (particularly convenient to the Ministries and growing Al Khuwair business area); Crown Plaza Hotel (possessing a seafront location and a variety of good restaurants); the Seeb (airport) and Ruwi Novotels, and the renovated Mercure-Al Falaj in Ruwi. (references) |
Worker Rights | Uganda | On February 6, more than 400 workers, including top managers, of the Kampala-based Crown Beverages Ltd. went on strike for the second time in a month demanding the resignation of the Chief Executive, whom they said was responsible for poor working relations. (references) |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | EDITOR, n. A person who combines the judicial functions of Minos, Rhadamanthus and Aeacus, but is placable with an obolus; a severely virtuous censor, but so charitable withal that he tolerates the virtues of others and the vices of himself; who flings about him the splintering lightning and sturdy thunders of admonition till he resembles a bunch of firecrackers petulantly uttering his mind at the tail of a dog; then straightway murmurs a mild, melodious lay, soft as the cooing of a donkey intoning its prayer to the evening star. Master of mysteries and lord of law, high-pinnacled upon the throne of thought, his face suffused with the dim splendors of the Transfiguration, his legs intertwisted and his tongue a-cheek, the editor spills his will along the paper and cuts it off in lengths to suit. And at intervals from behind the veil of the temple is heard the voice of the foreman demanding three inches of wit and six lines of religious meditation, or bidding him turn off the wisdom and whack up some pathos. O, the Lord of Law on the Throne of Thought, A gilded impostor is he. Of shreds and patches his robes are wrought, His crown is brass, Himself an ass, And his power is fiddle-dee-dee. Prankily, crankily prating of naught, Silly old quilly old Monarch of Thought. Public opinion's camp-follower he, Thundering, blundering, plundering free. Affected, Ungracious, Suspected, Mendacious, Respected contemporaree! J.H. Bumbleshook |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Dennis Miller | Hey Saudi Crown Prince Abdullah, stop talking peace but refusing to meet with the Israelis. |
Robert Novak | Crown Prince Abdullah, at his meeting with the president, presented a fairly detailed eight-point plan for peace between the Palestinians and Israel. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
Andrew Jackson | 1829-1837 | The sole ground on which indemnity has been refused is the alleged illegality of the tenure by which the monarch who made the seizures held his crown. |
Warren G. Harding | 1921-1923 | I would rejoice to acclaim the era of the Golden Rule and crown it with the autocracy of service. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Crown" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 77.75% of the time. "Crown" is used about 5,198 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 77.75% | 4,042 | 2,436 |
| Noun (proper) | 21.08% | 1,096 | 6,892 |
| Lexical Verb (infinitive) | 1.1% | 57 | 44,859 |
| Lexical Verb (base form) | 0.08% | 4 | 175,879 |
| Total | 100.00% | 5,198 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes the usage of "crown" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified. |
| Name | Usage/Gender | Usage per 100 million Persons | Rank in USA |
| Crown | Last name | 1,000 | 14,093 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits. | |||
| The following table summarizes names derived from the word "crown". | |||
| Name | Gender | Language | Meaning |
| Atarah | N/A | Biblical | A crown |
| Stephanas | N/A | Biblical | Crown |
| Zippor | N/A | Biblical | Crown |
| Zophar | N/A | Biblical | Crown |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references.
| |||
| Country | Name | Country | Name |
| Canada | Crown Life Insurance Co | Netherlands | NV Gemeenschappelijk Bezit Crown Van Gelder |
| South Korea | Crown Confectionery Co., Ltd. | Thailand | Crown Seal Public Co Limited |
| United Kingdom | Crown Eyeglass Plc | USA | Crown American Realty Trust |
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by
