CROP ROTATION

Domain	Definition
Agriculture	The growing of different crops, in recurring succession, on the same land in contrast to monoculture cropping. Rotation usually is done to replenish soil fertility and to reduce pest populations in order to increase the potential for high levels of production in future years. (references)
Environment	Planting a succession of different crops on the same land rea as opposed to planting the same crop time after time. (references)
Food & Agriculture	A method of protecting the soil and replenishing its nutrition by planting a succession of different crops on the same land. It not only conserves fertility, but also provides a succession of different environments so that no single weed species is favoured repeatedly. Source: European Union. (references)
Weather	Planting the same field or areas of fields with different crops from year to year to reduce depletion of soil nutrients. A plant such as corn, tobacco, or cotton, which remove large amounts of nitrogen from the soil, is planted one year. The next year a legume such as soybeans, which add nitrogen to the soil, is planted. (references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Specialty Definition: Crop rotation

the same crop repeatedly in the same place eventually depletes the soil of various nutrients. One way that farmers can avoid a decrease in soil fertility is to practice crop rotation, by which different crops are planted in a regular sequence so that a crop that leaches the soil of one kind of nutrient is followed during the next growing season by a crop that returns that nutrient to the soil. If crop rotation is done properly, farmers can keep their fields under continuous production, without a need to let them lie fallow or to apply artificial fertilizers, both of which can be expensive.

Legumes, plants of the family Fabaceae, for instance, have nodules on their roots which contain nitrogen-fixing bacteria. It therefore makes good sense agriculturally to alternate them with cereals (family Poaceae) and other plants that need nitrogen. A common modern crop rotation is alternating soybeans and maize (corn). In subsistence farming, it also makes good nutritional sense to grow beans and grain at the same time in different fields.

Some plants follow one another favorably and others do not which brings risks of yield losses, development of diseases and weeds.

The choice of the rotation depends on the nature of the soil, which determines the species of plants that one can cultivate, but also on animal breeding, which plays a role in the choice of the rotation (fodder crops, straw). Finally a good rotation takes into account the proportion of natural meadows.
The choice of the rotation is also determined by the economical aspects (local needs, market accessibility).

Crop rotation was already mentioned in the Roman literature, and referred to by great civilizations in Africa and Asia. From the end of the Middle Ages until the 20th century, the three-year rotation was practised by farmers in Europe with a rotation: rye or winter wheat, followed by spring oats or barley, then letting the soil rest (fallow) during the third stage. The fact that suitable rotations made it possible to restore or to maintain a productive soil has long been recognised.

A Four field rotation was pioneered by the Dutch and popularised by the British agriculturalist Charles Townshend in the 18th century. The system (wheat, barley, turnips and clover), opened up a fodder crop and grazing crop allowing livestock to be bred year-round. The four field rotation was a key development in the agricultural revolution.

Crop rotation was pioneered in the USA by George Washington Carver, not only through laboratory work, but through practical promotion and education.

In the Green revolution, the practice of crop rotation gave way in some parts of the world to that of simply adding the necessary chemical inputs to the depleted soil, e.g. replacing nitrogen with ammonium nitrate and restoring soil pH with lime.

Photo Album: CROP ROTATION

Non-Fiction Usage: CROP ROTATION

Frequency of Internet Keywords: CROP ROTATION

Modern Translation: CROP ROTATION

Language		Translations for "CROP ROTATION"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.
Danish		vekseldrift (alternation of crops, blocking, fields, rotation), sædskifte (alternation of crops, blocking, fields, rotation), markinddeling (alternation of crops, blocking, fields, rotation), marker (alternation of crops, blocking, fields, rotation), agre (alternation of crops, blocking, fields, rotation), afgroedeveksling (alternation of crops, blocking, fields, rotation). (various references)

Dutch		wisselbouw (alternation of crops, blocking, fallow husbandry, fields, rotation), vruchtwisselingstelsel (alternation of crops, blocking, fields, rotation), vruchtwisseling (alternation of crops, blocking, fields, rotation), vruchtrotatie (rotation), vruchtopvolging (alternation of crops, blocking, fields, rotation), vruchtomloop (rotation), rotatie (rotation), gewasrotatie (alternation of crops, blocking, fields, rotation), akkerbouwstelsel (alternation of crops, blocking, fields, rotation). (various references)

Finnish		kasvinvuorotus (alternation of crops, blocking, fields, rotation). (various references)

French		rotation des cultures. (various references)

German		Fruchtwechsel (alternation of crops, blocking, fields, rotation), Fruchtfolge (alternation of crops, blocking, fields, rotation), Feldeinteilung (alternation of crops, blocking, fields, rotation). (various references)

Greek		εναλλαγή καλλιεργειών (rotation), αμειψισπορά (alternation of crops, blocking, fields, rotation), διαδοχή καλλιεργειών (rotation). (various references)

Hungarian		vetésforgó (course, shift of crops). (various references)

Italian		terreno avvicendato (alternation of crops, blocking, fields, rotation), rotazione delle colture (alternation of crops, blocking, fields, rotation), rotazione agraria (alternation of crops, blocking, fields, rotation), rotazione (alternation, gyration, revolution, rotation, spin, turnover), avvicendamenti (alternation of crops, blocking, fields, rotation). (various references)

Pig Latin		opcray otationray

Portuguese		rotação das culturas (rotation), rotação (circuit, rev, revolution, rolling, rotation, spin, turn, twirl, wind), poisio (alternation of crops, blocking, fallowing, fields, rotation), parcelas (alternation of crops, blocking, fields, rotation), afolhamento (alternation of crops, blocking, fields, rotation). (various references)

Russian		севооборот. (various references)

Serbo-Croatian		plodored. (various references)

Spanish		cultivo alternativo (alternation of crops, blocking, fields, rotation), terreno parcelado (alternation of crops, blocking, fields, rotation), rotación de cultivos (shift of crops), rotación (revolution, rotation, spinning, whirl), aparcelamiento de la finca (alternation of crops, blocking, fields, rotation), alternativa de cultivos (alternation of crops, blocking, fields, rotation), alternancia de cultivos (alternation of crops, blocking, fields, rotation). (various references)

Swedish		växelbruk (alternation of crops, blocking, fields, rotation). (various references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

Anagrams: CROP ROTATION

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams
	Words within the letters "a-c-i-n-o-o-o-p-r-r-t-t"
	-1 letter: corporation, protraction.
	-2 letters: corotation.
	-3 letters: carrottop, proration.
	-4 letters: carrotin, cooption, copatron, nitrator, oratorio, picaroon, portrait, potation, pronator, protatic, protonic, protract, rotation, traction.
	-5 letters: airport, antipot, apricot, aprotic, arnotto, atropin, cantrip, caption, carotin, carport, carrion, cartoon, citator, contort, coranto, corpora, oration, paction, parotic, patriot, patroon, porcino, portico, portion, proctor, pronota, rattoon, ricotta, rotator, taction, tantric, taproot.
	Words containing the letters "a-c-i-n-o-o-o-p-r-r-t-t"
	+2 letters: prognosticator.
	+3 letters: prognosticators, radioprotection.
	+4 letters: radioprotections.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

Thumbnail	Description & Credit
	Crop rotation pays. Credit: Library of Congress.
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.

Subject	Topic	Quote
Economic History	Uzbekistan	Agriculture in Uzbekistan also suffers from inadequate water supply and a deteriorating irrigation network, soil depletion and salinization, no crop rotation, and lack of fertilizer, pesticides, and other inputs. (references)
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

Expression	Frequency per Day
crop rotation	24
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

CROP ROTATION

Specialty Definition: CROP ROTATION

Agriculture

Environment

Food & Agriculture

Weather

Specialty Definition: Crop rotation

Synonyms: CROP ROTATION

Crosswords: CROP ROTATION

Photo Album: CROP ROTATION

Non-Fiction Usage: CROP ROTATION

Economic History

Uzbekistan

Frequency of Internet Keywords: CROP ROTATION

crop rotation

Modern Translation: CROP ROTATION

Danish

Dutch

Finnish

French

German

Greek

Hungarian

Italian

Pig Latin

Portuguese

Russian

Serbo-Croatian

Spanish

Swedish

Anagrams: CROP ROTATION

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

INDEX