Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: CRASHED |
CRASHEDImperative & past participle1. Of Crash |
Date "CRASHED" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1835. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Slang | Verb. Source: Unknown. Definition: A person has stopped breathing and needs to be resuscitated. Context: We need help in room 201 because a woman has just crashed. Social Source: Medical Community. Source: Compiled by The University of Oregon. (additional references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
A crash in computing is an error which happens in the course of program execution or by the operating system itself.All crashes are the result of the execution of a single machine instruction, but their causes are manifold. A typical cause is when the program counter loses track of the correct execution path, due to an earlier bug. In such a case it is quite common for the processor to attempt to execute data or random memory values. Since all data are possible, but only some of these are valid instructions, this very often results in an illegal instruction exception. One might say that the original bug that upset the program counter "caused" the crash, but the actual fault was an illegal instruction, possibly some time later. The art of debugging such crashes is connecting the actual cause of the crash (easily determined) with the code that set off the chain of events. This is often very far from obvious - the original bug may in fact be perfectly valid code from the processor's perspective.
Application crashes
An application typically crashes when it performs an operation which is not allowed by the operating system. The operating system then shuts down the application.
Typical errors that result in application crashes include:
- attempting to read or write memory that is not allocated for reading or writing by that application (general protection fault)
- attempting to execute privileged or invalid instructions
- attempting to perform I/O operations on hardware devices to which it does not have permission to access
- passing invalid arguments to system calls
- attempting to access other system resources to which the application does not have permission to access (bus error)
Operating system crashes
An operating system crash often happens when a hardware exception occurs which cannot be handled, such as a hardware exception occuring within the operating system itself.
Operating system crashes can also occur when internal sanity-checking logic within the operating system detects that the operating system has lost its internal self-consistency.
In an ideal world, well-written operating systems should not be able to be crashed by application-level activity. However, this is not generally the case.
See also:
- blue screen of death
- kernel panic
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Crash (computing)."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
A stock market crash is a sudden dramatic loss of value of shares of stock in corporations. Crashes often follow speculative stock market bubbles such as the dot-com boom.
The most famous crash was in 1929, when the Dow dropped 50%, preceded the Great Depression. The succeeding years saw the Dow drop a total of over 85%.
There was also a crash or "adjustment" on Monday October 19, 1987, known in financial circles as Black Monday, when the Dow Jones Industrial Average lost 22% of its value in one day, bringing to an end a five-year bull run. The FTSE lost 10.8% on that Monday and a further 12.2% the following day. The pattern was repeated across the world.
The stock market downturn of 2002 was part of a larger bear market that took the NASDAQ 75% from its highs and broader indices down 30%.
Stock market crashes are driven by panic as much as by underlying economic factors. So long as the prospect of further daily drops in the value of stocks persists, a bear market, equity investorss can be expected to sell.
See also: Financial markets, Stock market, Accountancy scandals, Great Depression
External link
- Every Market Collapse is Different, Opinion in the New York Times, Nicolas F. Brady, August 11, 2002
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Stock market crash."
Crosswords: CRASHED |
| English words defined with "CRASHED": black ♦ calamitous, crash ♦ disastrous ♦ fatal, fateful ♦ go down ♦ Herbert Clark Hoover, Herbert Hoover, Hoover ♦ locality ♦ neighborhood, neighbourhood ♦ President Hoover ♦ RAM ♦ vicinity. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "CRASHED": Blue Screen of Death, breath-of-life packet ♦ crash and burn ♦ glork ♦ hosed ♦ PROM monitor ♦ Real Programmers Don't Use Pascal ♦ scream and die, sucking mud ♦ wave a dead chicken. (references) |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | The god damn plane has crashed into the mountain (The Big Lebowski; writing credit: Ethan Coen; Joel Coen) I've been looking all over town for you. I saw your car crashed into that tree and - say, your lip's bleeding (It's a Wonderful Life; writing credit: Philip Van Doren Stern; Frances Goodrich) The same Homer Simpson who crashed his car through the wall of our club (The Simpsons; writing credit: Artur Brauner; Paul Hengge) Crashed and burned (Top Gun; writing credit: Ehud Yonay; Jim Cash) Nobody has ever crashed into a cloud (Laverne & Shirley; writing credit: György Sós) | |
Lyrics | And as the plane crashed down he thought (Ironic; performing artist: Alanis Morissette) Friday night I crashed your party (You May Be Right; performing artist: Billy Joel) And we crashed through the wall and into the street (A Boy Named Sue; performing artist: Johnny Cash) The calliope crashed to the ground (Blinded By The Light (Bruce Springsteen); performing artist: MANFRED MANN) With this very unpleasing sneezing and wheezing the calliope crashed to the (Blinded By The Light (Bruce Springsteen); performing artist: MANFRED MANN) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Crashed Out Popped In (1999) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title |
Books |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Salvaging crashed helicopter at "Palm Springs" camp Triangulation party of Walter Helm. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |  | Crashed helicopter on the beach at "Palm Springs" camp Triangulation party of Walter Helm. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |
 | Inspecting crashed plane west northwest of Nome. Credit: Flying With NOAA. |  | Marine Corps officials temporarily halted flying operations of all models of the V-22, including two CV-22s, (shown here) which are being flight tested at Edwards Air Force Base, Calif. The officials made the move after a Marine MV-22 Osprey crashed in No. |
 | A T-6A Texan II like this one crashed Aug. 31 when one of the crew members inadvertently placed the airplane's power control lever in the cutoff position, according to the accident report. The two-person crew, a pilot and an instructor pilot, ejected and. |  | Refueling from USS South Dakota (BB-57) on 28 October 1942. Her two forward 5"/38 guns and much of her forward superstructure are burned out and otherwise damaged, the result of a Japanese torpedo plane that crashed into her two days earlier, during the Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands. Credit: NAVY. |
 | USS President Jackson (AP-37) maneuvering under Japanese air attack off Guadalcanal, 12 November 1942. In the center background is smoke from an enemy plane that had just crashed into the after superstructure of USS San Francisco (CA-38), which is steaming away in the right center. Photographed from USS President Adams (AP-38). Note the anti-aircraft shell bursts. Credit: NAVY. |  | Jimmie, with the last now, sprang back, kicked the radio table over, crashed thru the window sash. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Unidentified sailor being removed from wreckage of a Braniff airliner, which crashed while landing at Midway Airport, Chicago. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Wreckage of a German Lufthansa airliner, which crashed into a hillside in Surrey killing six men--Only two were saved, Prince Eugene of Schaumberg-Lippe and Lieut. Comdr. Glen Kidaton, millionaire motorist. Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "Crashed again" by Craig Young Commentary: "Me at work." | "Crashed Man" by Matthew Maaskant Commentary: "A man sleeping on the floor. Visit http://www.qr5.com ." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Title | Author | Quote |
Young Zaphod Plays It Safe | Douglas Adams | You're one hundred percent positive that the ship which is crashed on the bottom of this ocean is the ship which you said you were one hundred percent positive could one hundred percent positively never crash |
Grapes of Wrath | Steinbeck, John | The heavy club crashed into the side of his head with a dull crunch of bone, and Casy fell sideways out of the light |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Economic History | China | The EP-3 was able to make an emergency landing on China's Hainan Island despite extensive damage; the P.R.C. aircraft crashed with the loss of its pilot. (references) |
Pakistan | General Herbert Wassom, and 28 Pakistani military officers crashed on a return flight from a military equipment trial near Bahawalpur, killing all of its occupants. (references) | |
Bangladesh | Trading was dormant until 1993. There was a large surge in the stock market in the summer and fall of 1996, but the market crashed late in the year and has yet to fully recover. (references) | |
Human Rights | Nicaragua | The bus crashed into a tree and the passengers subsequently took cover in nearby bushes. (references) |
Travel | Sri Lanka | While no terrorist attacks against international or domestic aviation in Sri Lanka have been recorded since 1987, threats were directed at domestic air carriers flying between Colombo and Jaffna in 1998. A domestic civilian aircraft flying from Colombo to Jaffna crashed in September 1998 killing everyone on board. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Rudolph Giuliani | You got it. It's a police officer has been shot, fire fighter has been burned, some terrible tragedy has occurred, a plane has crashed. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| "CRASHED" is generally used as a lexical verb (past tense) -- approximately 79.72% of the time. "CRASHED" is used about 926 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Lexical Verb (past tense) | 79.72% | 738 | 9,192 |
| Lexical Verb (past participle) | 14.46% | 134 | 27,488 |
| Adjective (general or positive) | 5.18% | 48 | 49,194 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.65% | 6 | 143,867 |
| Total | 100.00% | 926 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "CRASHED": crashed-landed. | |
Ending with "CRASHED": gate-crashed. | |
Containing "CRASHED": having-somebody-crashed-on-your-sofa-for-three-months. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "CRASHED"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Arabic | مهشم (broken into pieces, destroyed). (various references) | |
Chinese | 碰撞 (Bumped, Bumping, Clash, Collide, Collision, Crashing). (various references) | |
Finnish | lentokone syöksyi pellolle (the aeroplane crashed down on to the field), autot törmäsivät yhteen nokat vastakkain (the cars crashed head on), auto törmäsi puuhun (the car crashed into a tree). (various references) | |
German | zerbrach, gekracht (cracked), abgestürzt (fallen, precipitated). (various references) | |
Hungarian | az ülések feldőltek (seats crashed over), a székek feldőltek (seats crashed over), a székek felborultak (seats crashed over). (various references) | |
Korean | 부수는. (various references) | |
Pig Latin | ashedcray.(various references) | |
Russian | разрушать разрушенный (demolished, eroded, ruined). (various references) | |
Swedish | kraschat, förolyckad (mortally wounded). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
Misspellings | |
"CRASHED" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: brashed, cartshed, craphead, Crashaw, Crisham, rashed. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "CRASHED" (pronounced kra"sht) |
| 4 | -r a" sh t | thrashed, trashed. |
| 3 | -a" sh t | abashed, bashed, cashed, clashed, dashed, flashed, gashed, hashed, lashed, mashed, slashed, smashed, splashed, stashed, unabashed. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
Direct Anagrams: echards. | |
| Words within the letters "a-c-d-e-h-r-s" | |
-1 letter: arched, arches, cadres, cashed, cedars, chards, chared, chares, chased, chaser, dasher, echard, eschar, sacred, scared, search, shader, shared. | |
-2 letters: ached, aches, acred, acres, arced, ashed, cades, cadre, cards, cared, cares, carse, cased, cedar, chads, chard, chare, chars, chase, crash, daces, dares, dears, deash, escar, hades, hards, hared, hares, heads, heard, hears, herds. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-c-d-e-h-r-s" | |
+1 letter: charades, cheddars, chresard, hardcase, rachides, scarphed, searched, starched. | |
+2 letters: archaised, archdukes, bedchairs, berdaches, cashiered, cathedras, chandlers, chordates, chresards, crosshead, demarches, detachers, diarchies, discharge, dyarchies, hardcores, headraces, purchased, rhachides, scarehead, scraiched, scraighed, scratched, tracheids. | |
+3 letters: adherences, archfiends, cathedrals, charladies, cheerleads, chessboard, chlordanes, crawfished, crossheads, debauchers, discharged, dischargee, discharger, discharges, dispatcher, endarchies, franchised, hardcovers, hexachords, hindrances, hydrospace, icosahedra, mischarged, pachyderms, rachitides, researched, saccharide, scareheads, scherzando, surcharged. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Crosswords 3. Usage: Modern 4. Usage: Commercial | 5. Images: Slideshow 6. Images: Photo Album 7. Images: Digital Art 8. Quotations: Fiction | 9. Quotations: Non-fiction 10. Quotations: Spoken 11. Usage Frequency 12. Expressions | 13. Expressions: Internet 14. Translations: Modern 15. Derivations 16. Rhymes | 17. Anagrams 18. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
