Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
"COUNCILS" is a plural of: council. |
Date "COUNCILS" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1380. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Literature | Councils Ecumenical Councils. There are twenty-one recognised, nine Eastern and twelve Western. THE NINE EASTERN: (1) Jerusalem; (2 and 8) Nice, 325, 787; (3, 6, 7, 9) Constantinople, 381, 553, 680, 869; (4) Ephesus, 431; (5) Chalcedon, 451. THE TWELVE WESTERN: (10, 11, 12, 13, 19) Lateran, 1123, 1139, 1179, 1215, 1517; (14, 15) Synod of Lyon, 1245, 1274; (16) Synod of Vienne, in Dauphiné, 1311; (17) Constance, 1414; (18) Basil, 1431-1443; (20) Trent, 1545-1563; (21) Vatican, 1869. Of these, the Church of England recognises only the first six, viz.: 325 of Nice, against the Arians. 381 of Constantinople, against "heretics." 431 of Ephesus, against the Nestorians and Pelagians. 451 of Chalcedon, when Athanasius was restored. 553 of Constantinople, against Origen. 680 of Constantinople, against the Monothelites (4 syl.). Source: Brewer's Dictionary. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | Back home little boys don't have war councils. (West Side Story; writing credit: Jerome Robbins; Arthur Laurents) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
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Books |
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Periodicals |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Church of Saint Nicholas Mokryi (1665-72), interior, south wall, including frescoes depicting Ecumenical Councils (1672), Yaroslavl', Russia. Credit: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540. |  | Imperial councils of war at Potsdam. Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
| Author | Date | Quotation |
John Locke | 1690 | But if all the world shall observe pretences of one kind, and actions of another; arts used to elude the law, and the trust of prerogative (which is an arbitrary power in some things left in the prince's hand to do good, not harm to the people) employed contrary to the end for which it was given: if the people shall find the ministers and subordinate magistrates chosen suitable to such ends, and favoured, or laid by, proportionably as they promote or oppose them: if they see several experiments made of arbitrary power, and that religion underhand favoured, (tho' publicly proclaimed against) which is readiest to introduce it; and the operators in it supported, as much as may be; and when that cannot be done, yet approved still, and liked the better: if a long train of actions shew the councils all tending that way; how can a man any more hinder himself from being persuaded in his own mind, which way things are going; or from casting about how to save himself, than he could from believing the captain of the ship he was in, was carrying him, and the rest of the company, to Algiers, when he found him always steering that course, though cross winds, leaks in his ship, and want of men and provisions did often force him to turn his course another way for some time, which he steadily returned to again, as soon as the wind, weather, and other circumstances would let him? Sect. (Second Treatise of Government) |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | Within the same period the Workmen's and Soldiers' Councils which have been constituted in this area shall be dissolved. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
King Richard III | Shakespeare, William | You may jest on, but, by the holy rood, I do not like these several councils, I. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Business | There are 21 county councils in Sweden. (references) | |
The State has five separate regional councils that are charged with facilitating economic growth. (references) | ||
Some of the restructured Local Authorities (town and city councils) serve large and widespread areas. (references) | ||
Civil Liberties | Israel and the occupied territories | A 1999 High Court ruling enabled Reform and Conservative rabbis to hold seats on the powerful municipal and religious councils. (references) |
Tunisia | Although the Government permits Baha'is to hold meetings of their National Council in private homes, it reportedly has prohibited them from organizing local councils. (references) | |
Venezuela | Public institutions of higher education designated as "experimental universities" are governed by Superior Councils, to which the Government may appoint a majority of members. (references) | |
Economic History | Dominica | Councils elected by universal suffrage govern most towns. (references) |
Guyana | Local communities are administered by village or city councils. (references) | |
Bolivia | Bolivian cities and towns are governed by elected mayors and councils. (references) | |
Human Rights | Peru | At the same time, the Government created transitory councils. (references) |
Turkey | Some human rights NGO's have boycotted the councils, while others were not invited to participate. (references) | |
Peru | The councils also removed judges associated with corrupt practices and reinstated others who had been unfairly separated. (references) | |
Indigenous People | Belize | The Maya have formed cultural councils and other groups to advance their interests, sometimes with the collaboration of NGO's concerned with environmental and indigenous issues. (references) |
Guyana | Under the act, the Government may determine who is an Amerindian and what is an Amerindian community, appoint Amerindian leaders, and annul decisions made by Amerindian councils. (references) | |
Australia | Every 3 years, indigenous people elect representatives to sit on 35 regional councils and the Torres Strait Regional Authority, who in turn choose 17 commissioners comprising the ATSIC Board. (references) | |
Minorities | Ghana | On May 23, the Forum of Religious Bodies in Ghana issued a statement, which was signed by seven religious councils, calling for peaceful coexistence and further negotiation with the GTC; however, a GTC leader stated that no agreement had been reached with the churches, and that he did not endorse any compromise. (references) |
Political Economy | Vietnam | People's Councils, in contrast, have very little real authority. (references) |
Saudi Arabia | It also outlined a framework for councils at the provincial or emirate level. (references) | |
Political Rights | United Kingdom | England and Wales also have County Councils. (references) |
Morocco | Municipal and regional councils are elected. (references) | |
Samoa | Other candidates who ran against the wishes of their village councils were banished. (references) | |
Women | Ethiopia | Family arbitration councils, which in the past had the power to dissolve marriages, engaged only in arbitration and reconciliation counseling, and only the courts have the legal power to dissolve marriages. (references) |
Samoa | While police receive some complaints from abused women, domestic violence offenders typically are punished by village councils, but only if the abuse is considered extreme (that is, visible signs of physical abuse). (references) | |
Bangladesh | While some rapists receive sentences of "life imprisonment" (in practice generally 221/2 years), other cases are settled by village arbitration councils, which do not have the authority to prosecute criminals and therefore issue only a fine. (references) | |
Worker Rights | Vietnam | However, many enterprises do not have labor conciliation councils. (references) |
Gambia | Labor, management, and the Government are represented on these councils. (references) | |
Korea | Since 1999 government white-collar workers have been allowed to form workplace councils. (references) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
George Washington | 1789-1797 | The independence and liberty you possess are the work of joint councils and joint efforts, of common dangers, sufferings, and successes. |
James Monroe | 1817-1825 | Its central position, between the northern and southern extremes of our Union, and its approach to the west at the head of a great navigable river which interlocks with the Western waters, prove the wisdom of the councils which established it. |
Andrew Jackson | 1829-1837 | Nor is it impossible that such a course of legislation would introduce once more into our national councils those disturbing questions in relation to the tariff of duties which have been so recently put to rest. |
Harry S. Truman | 1945-1953 | Democratic systems are being fostered to the end that the voice of the common man may be heard in the councils of his government. |
Dwight Eisenhower | 1953-1961 | In the councils of government, we must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought, by the military-industrial complex. |
Richard Nixon | 1969-1974 | Our defeat and humiliation in South Vietnam without question would promote recklessness in the councils of those great powers who have not yet abandoned their goals of world conquest. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "COUNCILS" is generally used as a noun (plural) -- approximately 99.74% of the time. "COUNCILS" is used about 3,469 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (plural) | 99.74% | 3,460 | 2,806 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.26% | 9 | 117,287 |
| Total | 100.00% | 3,469 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expression using "COUNCILS": Health Planning Councils. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "COUNCILS": councils-the. | |
Ending with "COUNCILS": sub-councils. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Language | Translations for "COUNCILS"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||
Dutch | Centraal Contact Ondernemingsraden (Central Contact for Works Councils, Committee for Works Councils), Wet op de Ondernemingsraden (Works Councils Act), Wet op de Europese ondernemingsraden (European Works Councils Act), Directie Bedrijfsorganisatie, Ondernemingsraden en Bezitsvorming (Department for Industrial Organization, Works Councils and capital formation). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||
French | Contact central des Comités d'entreprise (Central Contact for Works Councils, Committee for Works Councils), Loi sur les comités d'entreprise (works council constitution act, Works Councils Act), Direction de l'Organisation industrielle, des Conseils d'Entreprises et de la Création de la Propriété personnelle (Works Councils and capital formation). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||
German | Räte, Kollegien. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | ouncilscay единогласие (coalescence of councils), единодушие (coalescence of councils, consensus, consentaneity, unanimity). (various references) Comisión Central de los Consejos de Empresa (Central Contact for Works Councils, Committee for Works Councils). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||
| Language | Date | Source | Matthew Chapter 10, Verse 17 |
| Greek (transliterated) | 250 BC | Septuagint | Prosecete de apo twn anqrwpwn paradwsousin gar umaV eiV sunedria kai en taiV sunagwgaiV autwn mastigwsousin umaV |
| Latin | 405 | Vulgate | Cavete autem ab hominibus tradent enim vos in conciliis et in synagogis suis flagellabunt vos |
| Old English | 990 | West Saxon | Warniað eow soðlice fram mannen.hyo selled eow soðlice on ge-moten & swingað eow on heora ge-somnenga. |
| Middle English | 1395 | Wyclif | But be ye war of men, for thei schulen take you in counseilis, and thei schulen bete you in her synagogis; |
| Renaissance English | 1526 | Tyndale | Beware of men for they shall deliver you vp to ye cousels and shall scourge you in their synagoges. |
| Jacobean English | 1611 | King James | But beware of men: for they will deliver you up to the councils, and they will scourge you in their synagogues; |
| Victorian English | 1833 | Webster | But beware of men: for they will deliver you to the councils, and they will scourge you in their synagogues. |
| Basic English | 1964 | Ogden | But be on the watch against men: for they will give you up to the Sanhedrins, and in their Synagogues they will give you blows; |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Matthew Chapter 10, Verse 17 |
| Cebuano | Kinahanglan magbantay kamo sa mga tawo; kay kamo igatugyan nila ngadto sa mga hukmanan, ug kamo ilang pagahampakon sa sulod sa ilang mga sinagoga, |
| Croatian | Èuvajte se ljudi, jer æe vas predavati vijeæima i po svojim æe vas sinagogama bièevati. |
| Danish | Vogter eder for Menneskene; thi de skulle overgive eder til Rådsforsamlinger og hudstryge eder i deres Synagoger. |
| Dutch | Maar wacht u voor de mensen; want zij zullen u overleveren in de raadsvergaderingen, en in hun synagogen zullen zij u geselen. |
| Finnish | Kavahtakaa ihmisiä, sillä he vetävät teidät oikeuksiin, ja synagoogissaan he teitä ruoskivat; |
| French | Mettez-vous en garde contre les hommes; car ils vous livreront aux tribunaux, et ils vous battront de verges dans leurs synagogues; |
| German | Hütet euch vor den Menschen; denn sie werden euch überantworten vor ihre Rathäuser und werden euch geißeln in ihren Schulen. |
| Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari | Berjaga-jagalah, sebab kalian akan ditangkap dan dihadapkan ke mahkamah-mahkamah. Kalian akan disiksa di rumah-rumah ibadat. |
| Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama | Tetapi berjaga-jagalah dirimu daripada orang, karena mereka itu akan menyerahkan kamu kepada beberapa majelis, dan kamu akan disesah oleh mereka itu di dalam segala rumah sembahyang mereka itu. |
| Italian | Guardatevi dagli uomini, perché vi consegneranno ai loro tribunali e vi flagelleranno nelle loro sinagoghe; |
| Manx Gaelic | Agh bee-jee er nyn dwoaie roish deiney, son livrey-ee ad shiu seose gys ny coonceilyn, as scuitchee ad shiu ayns nyn quaiylyn oc. |
| Maori | Kia tupato ia i nga tangata: tera hoki koutou e tukua e ratou ki nga runanga, a tera koutou e whiua i roto i o ratou whare karakia; |
| Norwegian | Men vokt eder for menneskene! for de skal overgi eder til domstolene og hudstryke eder i sine synagoger; |
| Portuguese | Acautelai-vos dos homens; porque eles vos entregarão aos sinédrios, e vos açoitarão nas suas sinagogas; |
| Rumanian | Pqziyi-vq de oameni; cqci vq vor da kn judecata soboarelor, wi vq vor bate kn sinagogile lor. |
| Russian | пУФЕТЕЗБКФЕУШ ЦЕ МА"ЕК: Й'П ПОЙ 'Х"ХФ ПФ"БЧБФШ ЧБУ Ч УХ"ЙМЙЭБ Й Ч УЙОБЗПЗБИ УЧПЙИ 'Х"ХФ 'ЙФШ ЧБУ, |
| Shuar | Yajauch shuarjai aneartarum. Akupniunam juramkiartatui. Israer-shuar iruntainiam asutiamawartatui. |
| Spanish | Guardaos de los hombres, porque os entregarán a los tribunales y en sus sinagogas os azotarán. |
| Swahili | Jihadharini na watu, maana watawapeleka ninyi mahakamani na kuwapiga viboko katika masunagogi yao. |
| Swedish | Tagen eder till vara för människorna; ty de skola draga eder inför domstolar, och i sina synagogor skola de gissla eder; |
| Uma | Pelompehi mpu'u-koie', apa' rahoko' -koi mpai' pai' rapakilu hi topohura agama. Raweba' -koi hi rala tomi posampayaa. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Misspellings | |
"COUNCILS" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Ciencias, concile, concill, conciola, councels, councial, councill, cuniculus, cuoncile, oucnilc. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "COUNCILS" (pronounced kou"nsulz) |
| 7 | k ou" n s u l z | counsels. |
| 5 | -n s u l z | cancels, pencils, tonsils, utensils. |
| 4 | -s u l z | apostles, axles, bristles, capsules, castles, dismissals, fossils, hassles, hustles, microfossils, missiles, morsels, muscles, mussels, nestles, parcels, pixels, rehearsals, reversals, thistles, tussles, vassals, vessels, whistles, wrestles. |
| 3 | -u l z | ables, accruals, acquittals, admirals, advertorials, agrochemicals, ambles, angels, angles, animals, ankles, annals, annuals, apples, appraisals, approvals, archangels, arrivals, arsenals, articles, artiodactyls, assembles, australs, baffles, bagels, balmorals, barbels, barnacles, barrels, battles, baubles, beadles, beagles, beetles, befuddles, belittles, betrayals, bibles, bicycles, bifocals, bindles, biologicals, biomaterials, biphenyls, bisexuals, boggles, Boodles, boondoggles, bottles, bowels, brambles, brothels, bubbles, buckles, bugles, bundles, burials, bushels, cables, camels, candles, cannibals, capitals, capitols, cardinals, carnivals, carols, casuals, cathedrals, cereals, channels, chemicals, chisels, chorals, chortles, chronicles, chuckles, circles, collectibles, colonels, colonials, commercials, compatibles, confessionals, constables, continentals, convertibles, corals, counterproposals, couples, crackles, cradles, credentials, criminals, cripples, crumbles, crystals, cubicles, cudgels, cycles, cyclicals, cymbals, dabbles, dangles, debacles, decibels, decimals, deductibles, deferrals, denials, dentals, devils, diagonals, dials, diesels, differentials, disables, disciples, dismantles, disposables, disposals, doodles, doubles, dowels, duals, duels, durables, dwindles, eagles, edibles, editorials, embezzles, enables, enamels, encyclicals, ensembles, entitles, entrails, equals, essentials, evangelicals, evils, examples, extraterrestrials, fables, facials, faithfuls, federals, festivals, fiddles, finals, fizzles, flannels, foibles, follicles, freckles, fuels, fumbles, fundamentals, funerals, funnels, gables, gambles, generals, genitals, Gentles, giggles, goggles, Gospels, grackles, granules, grapples, gribbles, grumbles, gunnels, guzzles, hackles, handles, heterosexuals, hobbles, homosexuals, honeysuckles, hopefuls, hospitals, hostels, hovels, huddles, humbles, hurdles, hymnals, icicles, idles, idols, illegals, immortals, imperils, imponderables, incidentals, individuals, industrials, infomercials, Ingles, initials, instrumentals, intangibles, intellectuals, internationals, intervals, invisibles, jewels, jingles, journals, juggles, jungles, juveniles, kennels, kernels, kestrels, kettles, kittles, knuckles, labels, ladles, laurels, legals, lentils, levels, liberals, littles, locals, madrigals, mammals, mangels, maniples, mantles, manuals, Maples, marbles, marshals, marvels, materials, measles, medals, memorials, metacarpals, metals, mickles, minerals, mingles, minstrels, miracles, Miserables, mistrials, mobiles, models, moguls, mongols, morals, mortals, motorcycles, muddles, multinationals, multiples, Mumbles, municipals, murals, musicals, muzzles, myrtles, nationals, needles, neoliberals, nettles, neutrals, nibbles, nickels, Nickles, nicols, nitriles, nobles, nondurables, nonprofessionals, noodles, nostrils, notables, novels, nozzles, numerals, observables, obstacles, officials, ogles, oodles, oracles, Orientals, originals, ossicles, paddles, panels, panfuls, parables, paralegals, particles, payables, pebbles, pedals, peddles, pedestals, peoples, perennials, perils, periodicals, peripherals, personals, petals, petrels, petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, physicals, Pickles, piddles, pimples, pineapples, pistols, poodles, portables, portals, portrayals, potentials, pretzels, principals, principles, professionals, projectiles, proposals, puddles, pupils, purples, puzzles, quarrels, quibbles, radials, radicals, raffles, rankles, rascals, rattles, rebels, rebuttals, receivables, receptacles, recitals, rectangles, recyclables, recycles, referrals, refusals, regionals, removals, renewals, rentals, reprisals, resembles, residuals, revels, revivals, riddles, rifles, ripples, rituals, rivals, Robles, royals, rubles, ruffles, rumbles, runkles, runnels, sables, saddles, samples, sandals, scalpels, scandals, scoundrels, scrambles, scribbles, scruples, scuffles, semifinals, sentinels, sequels, serials, settles, shackles, shambles, shekels, shingles, shovels, shuffles, shuttles, sickles, signals, singles, skittles, sorrels, sparkles, specials, spectacles, spirals, spirituals, sprinkles, squabbles, squiggles, squirrels, stables, Staples, startles, stickles, stifles, straddles, struggles, stumbles, subprincipals, subtitles, supermodels, swindles, swivels, syllables, symbols, tables, tackles, tangibles, tangles, taxables, Technicals, temples, tentacles, terminals, testicles, testimonials, throttles, tickles, timetables, titles, topples, totals, towels, tramples, transsexuals, travels, trials, triangles, tribunals, trickles, trifles, triples, troubles, truffles, tumbles, tunnels, turntables, turtles, tutorials, twinkles, uncles, unicycles, unravels, untouchables, upheavals, valuables, vandals, variables, varietals, vegetables, vehicles, vials, vigils, visuals, vittles, vocals, vowels, waffles, wattles, weevils, winkles, withdrawals, wrangles, wrinkles. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "c-c-i-l-n-o-s-u" | |
-1 letter: council, uncoils. | |
-2 letters: clonic, clonus, colics, colins, conics, consul, coulis, cousin, insoul, nicols, uncoil. | |
-3 letters: cions, cisco, clons, coils, coins, colic, colin, conic, conus, icons, incus, linos, lions, locus, loins, louis, nicol, noils, oculi, scion, sonic, sulci, uncos. | |
-4 letters: cion, clon, coil, coin, cols, coni, cons, icon, ions, lino, lins, lion, loci, loin, nils. | |
| Words containing the letters "c-c-i-l-n-o-s-u" | |
+1 letter: occlusion. | |
+2 letters: conclusion, conclusive, councilors, nucleonics, occlusions. | |
+3 letters: columnistic, conclusions, consciously, councillors, inculcators, leucocidins, sacculation. | |
+4 letters: calculations, circulations, cocounseling, conclusively, corpulencies, cupronickels, inconclusive, inculcations, malocclusion, micronucleus, nucleocapsid, occultations, sacculations, sansculottic, successional, uncoalescing. | |
+5 letters: accumulations, cavernicolous, claudications, cocounselling, conceptualise, conceptualism, conceptualist, conclusionary, concupiscible, consecutively, conspicuously, constructible, consultancies, counterclaims, fasciculation, flocculations, malocclusions, noncellulosic, nonconclusion, nucleocapsids, nucleoplasmic, subcollection, unconsciously. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Crosswords 3. Usage: Modern 4. Usage: Commercial | 5. Images: Photo Album 6. Quotations: Historic 7. Quotations: Fiction 8. Quotations: Non-fiction | 9. Quotations: Speeches 10. Usage Frequency 11. Expressions 12. Translations: Modern | 13. Bible Trace 14. Derivations 15. Rhymes 16. Anagrams | 17. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
