CORONARY HEART DISEASE

Specialty Definition: CORONARY HEART DISEASE

Domain	Definition
Health	A type of heart disease caused by narrowing of the coronary arteries that feed the heart, which needs a constant supply of oxygen and nutrients carried by the blood in the coronary arteries. When the coronary arteries become narrowed or clogged by fat and cholesterol deposits and cannot supply enough blood to the heart, CHD results. (references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Specialty Definition: Coronary heart disease

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Coronary heart disease (CHD), also called coronary artery disease and atherosclerotic heart disease, may be caused by inflammation of the lining of the arteries which allows atheromatous plaquess (caused by the buildup of cholesterol in the vessel wall) to form, limiting blood flow to the heart muscle.

Pathophysiology

Limitation of blood flow to the heart causes ischemia (cell starvation secondary to a lack of oxygen) of the myocardial cells. When myocardial cells die from lack of oxygen, this is called a myocardial infarction (commonly called a heart attack), and leads to heart muscle damage and later scarring. Myocardial infarction can result from the sudden occlusion of a coronary artery when a plaque ruptures and a blood clot fills the lumen of the artery. The events leading up to plaque rupture are not fully understood. Myocardial infarction is also caused, less commonly, by spasm of the artery wall occluding the lumen, a condition also associated with atheromatous plaque and CHD.

CHD is associated with smoking, obesity and hypertension. A family history of CHD is one of the strongest predictors of CHD. Screening for CHD includes evaluating homocysteine levels, high-density and low-density lipoprotein (cholesterol) levels and triglyceride levels.

Angina

The pain associated with CHD is known as angina, and may feature a sensation of pressure in the chest, arm pain, jaw pain, and other forms of discomfort. The word discomfort is preferred over the word pain for describing the sensation of angina, because it varies considerably among individuals in character and intensity. There is evidence that angina and CHD present differently in women and men.

Angina that occurs regularly with activity, upon awakening, or at other predictable times is termed stable angina. It is usually treated with nitrate preparations such as nitroglycerin, which come in short-acting and long-acting forms, and may be administered transdermally, sublingually or orally.

Angina that changes in intensity, character or frequency is termed unstable. Unstable angina may precede myocardial infarction, and requires urgent medical attention. It is treated with oxygen, intravenous nitroglycerin, and morphine. Interventional procedures such as Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty may be done.

Prevention

Coronary heart disease is the most common form of heart disease in the Western world. Prevention centers on the modifiable risk factors: obesity, hypertension, sedentary lifestyle, diet, and smoking.

Individuals with CHD are advised to eat a low-fat diet, limit sodium intake to control blood pressure, exercise and stop smoking. These measures both limit the progression of the disease and may help reverse it in some people.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Coronary heart disease."

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Crosswords: CORONARY HEART DISEASE

English words defined with "CORONARY HEART DISEASE": alpha-lipoportein ♦ beta-lipoprotein ♦ HDL, high-density lipoprotein ♦ LDL, low-density lipoprotein. (references)

Specialty definitions using "CORONARY HEART DISEASE": Central fat distribution, CHD, CVD ♦ familial hypercholesterolaemia ♦ High-density lipoproteins . (references)

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Commercial Usage: CORONARY HEART DISEASE

Domain	Title
References	The 2002 Official Patient's Sourcebook on Coronary Heart Disease (reference) (more reference examples)

Books	Coronary Heart Disease & Risk Factor Management: A Nursing Perspective (reference) Milk And Mortality: The connection between milk drinking and coronary heart disease (reference) Stress and the Heart: Psychosocial Pathways to Coronary Heart Disease (reference) Treatment of Severe Hypercholesterolemia in the Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease 2 (reference) (more book examples)

Periodicals	New Horizons In Coronary Heart Disease (reference) (more periodical examples)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Photo Album: CORONARY HEART DISEASE

Thumbnail	Description & Credit
	International Comparisons : Trends and Determinants of Coronary Heart Disease Mortality / National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [et.al.]. Credit: National Library of Medicine.
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.

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Non-Fiction Usage: CORONARY HEART DISEASE

Subject	Topic	Quote
Health		Coronary heart disease and stroke have many causes. (references)
		Angina means that there is underlying coronary heart disease. (references)
		Many compelling lines of evidence link blood cholesterol to coronary heart disease. (references)
Economic History	Hong Kong	Hong Kong's 6.9 million population in 2000 will increase to 7.3 million by 2006. Those aged 65 and above, which constituted about 11 percent of the population in 2000, will rise to about 13 percent in 2016. As a result, there has been an increase in disease patterns and related drugs towards chronic ailments, such as stroke, diabetes and coronary heart disease. (references)
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

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Frequency of Internet Keywords: CORONARY HEART DISEASE

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.

Expression	Frequency per Day
coronary heart disease	179
treatment for coronary heart disease	8
cause of coronary heart disease	7
coronary heart disease symptom	6
prevention of coronary heart disease	5
risk of coronary heart disease	3
history of coronary heart disease	2
coronary heart disease and exercise	2
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Modern Translation: CORONARY HEART DISEASE

Language		Translations for "CORONARY HEART DISEASE"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.
Danish		koronar hjertesygdom. (various references)

German		koronare Herzerkrankung, konorare Kerzkrankheit. (various references)

Pig Latin		oronarycay earthay iseaseday
Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.