Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
| Domain | Definition |
Agriculture | Programs that advertise and promote an agricultural commodity or product without reference to the specific farmer, brand name, or manufacturer. Producers can and do organize voluntary commodity promotion programs, but most are operated under the authority of either federal or state laws, frequently with the objective of requiring that all members of the industry participate. At the federal level, the programs are authorized by law, implemented by industry groups (after USDA review, rulemaking and approval), and financed by assessments (also called check-offs) of industry members such as producers, importers, and/or handlers. In the past, Congress enacted separate laws permitting producers of specifically-designated commodities to create such programs. The FAIR Act of 1996 also gives USDA general authority to create programs for any commodity at the request of a group of producers. In early 1999, 12 federal promotion programs were fully operational: beef, cotton, dairy products, eggs, fluid milk, honey, mushrooms, popcorn, pork, potatoes, soybeans, and watermelon. In addition to the federally authorized programs, there are between 300 and 350 state-legislated promotion programs covering about 80 farm commodities. Nine out of ten U.S. farmers contribute to one or more of these efforts, which, collectively, raise and spend hundreds of millions of dollars annually. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Crosswords: COMMODITY PROMOTION PROGRAMS |
| Specialty definitions using "COMMODITY PROMOTION PROGRAMS": Check-off program ♦ Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990. (references) |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)43 4F 4D 4D 4F 44 49 54 59 50 52 4F 4D 4F 54 49 4F 4E 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 53 |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01000011 01001111 01001101 01001101 01001111 01000100 01001001 01010100 01011001 00100000 01010000 01010010 01001111 01001101 01001111 01010100 01001001 01001111 01001110 00100000 01010000 01010010 01001111 01000111 01010010 01000001 01001101 01010011 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)C O M M O D I T Y   P R O M O T I O N   P R O G R A M S |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0043 004F 004D 004D 004F 0044 0049 0054 0059 0050 0052 004F 004D 004F 0054 0049 004F 004E 0050 0052 004F 0047 0052 0041 004D 0053 |
Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)374947474938435459250524947495443494825052494152354753 |
| 1. Crosswords 2. Orthography 3. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
