Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Column |
ColumnNoun1. A line of (usually military) units following one after another. 2. A vertical glass tube used in column chromatography; a mixture is poured in the top and washed through a stationary substance where components of the mixture are adsorbed selectively to form colored bands. 3. A linear array of numbers one above another. 4. Anything tall and thin approximating the shape of a column or tower; "the test tube held a column of white powder"; "a tower of dust rose above the horizon"; "a thin pillar of smoke betrayed their campsite". 5. An article giving opinions or perspectives. 6. A vertical structure standing alone and not supporting anything (as a monument or a column of air). 7. A tall cylindrical vertical upright. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "column" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1050. (references) |
Etymology: Column \Col"umn\, noun. [Latin expression columna, from columen, culmen, from cellere (used only in comp.), akin to English excel, and probably to holm. See Holm, and compare to Colonel.]. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Aerospace | In a structure, a body whose function is to carry compression loads to its longest dimension. (references) |
Building & Civil Engineering | A wide column or short wall of masonry or plain or reinforced concrete for carrying heavy loads, such as a support for a bridge. Source: European Union. (references) |
Business | Vertical division of a page. Source: European Union. (references) |
Computing | A vertical arrangement of characters or other expressions. Source: European Union. (references) |
Food & Agriculture | A structural member subject mainly to longitudinal compressive stress, i. e. through axial or eccentric loading. Source: European Union. (references) |
Literature | Column The Alexandrine Column. Made of granite; in memory of the Emperor Alexander. The Column of Antoninus. At Rome; made of marble, 176 feet high; in memory of the Emperor Marcus Aurelius Antonius. Like that of Trajan, this column is covered externally with spiral bas-reliefs representing the wars carried on by the emperor. Sixtus V. caused the original statue of this column to be supplanted by a figure of St. Paul. (See Trajan's Column.) The Column of Arcadius. At Constantinople; made of marble. Source: Brewer's Dictionary. |
Mechanical Engineering | A vertical free standing structural support. Source: European Union. (references) |
| A C-shaped frame used in the construction of the machines in question. Source: European Union. (references) | |
| Machine component supporting cutter slide and feed slide. Source: European Union. (references) | |
| A machine frame, or main part of a frame, whose height greatly exceeds its width and its depth, but which is not composed of two legs. Its axis can be either straight or curved. If the frame has two vertical main parts, they are usually called "standards"; if there is only one main part, the term "column" is preferred. Source: European Union. (references) | |
| Box-oder columnar-shaped structure for supporting various machine-tool components. Source: European Union. (references) | |
Mining | A round column set vertically in a heading, to which the drilling machine is clamped. This column is provided with a head at one end and a shoe at the other for setting it up against the rock walls. Source: European Union. (references) |
| A. A round pillar set vertically or horizontally in a heading to support a machine drill. b. The rising main or length of pipe conveying water from a mine to the surface. c. See:motive column d. A solid core cut from a borehole. e. The drill-circulation liquid confined within a borehole. f. In borehole casing, a row of casing sections screwed together andforming a whole. (references) | |
Nuclear Energy & Physics | A hollow cylinder of water and spray thrown up from an underwater burst of a nuclear weapon, through which the hot high-pressure gases formed in the explosion are vented to the atmosphere. Source: European Union. (references) |
| A facility in which various chemical processes such as distillation, rectification, extraction, etc. are carried out. Source: European Union. (references) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Architecture
In architecture, a column is that part of a structure whose purpose is to transmit through compression the weight of the structure. Other compression members are often termed columns because of the similar stress conditions. Columns can be either compounded of parts or made as a single piece. Columns are frequently used to support beams or arches on which the upper parts of walls or ceilings rest. See Forms in Architecture.
In the architecture of ancient Egypt as early as 2600 BC the architect Imhotep made use of stone columns whose surface was carved to reflect the organic form of bundled reeds; in later Egyptian architecture faceted cylinders were also common.
The Classical orders
The Roman author Vitruvius, relying on the writings (now lost) of Greek authors, tells us that the ancient Greeks believed that their Doric order developed from techniques for building in wood in which the earlier smoothed tree trunk was replaced by a stone cylinder. This myth of the transformation of wood into stone still causes controversy today - did the ancient Greeks invent columns this way for themselves, or did they imitate the stone construction of neighboring civilization?
The Doric, or Tuscan, order is the oldest and simplest of the classical orders. It is composed of a vertical cylinder that is wider at the bottom. It generally has neither a base nor a capital. It is often referred to as the masculine order because it is represented in the bottom level of the Colosseum and was therefore considered to be able to hold more weight.
The Ionic column is considerably more complex than the Doric. It usually has a base and the shaft is often fluted (it has grooves carved up its length). On the top is a capital in the shape of a scroll rolled on both sides.
The Corinthian order is commonly thought to be named because its legendary origin was in the Greek city-state of Corinth, however the story of its origin is due to Callimachus, a Greek bronze worker drawing a design of acanthus leaves, growing on a small tomb for a new style of capital for the people of Corinth. In fact, the oldest known Corinthian capital was found in Bassae, dated at 427 BC. It is sometimes called the feminine order because it is on the top level of the Colosseum and holding up the least weight. It is similar to the Ionic order, but rather than a scroll, the Corinthian capital consists of rows of acanthus leaves. Many variations have been made on the Corinthian capital. For instance, the capitals of the Capitol building in Washington, DC is made up partially of wheat stalks.
Physics
The ratio of the length of a column to the least radius of gyration of its cross section is called the slenderness ratio. This ratio affords a means of classifying columns. All the following are approximate values used for convenience. A short steel column is one whose slenderness ratio does not exceed 50; an intermediate length steel column has a slenderness ratio ranging from 50 to 200, while long steel columns may be assumed as one having a slenderness ratio greater than 200. A short concrete column is one having a ratio of unsupported length to least dimension of the cross section not greater than 10. If the ratio is greater than 10 it is a long column. Timber columns may be classed as short columns if the ratio of the length to least dimension of the cross section is equal to or less than 10. The dividing line between intermediate and long timber columns cannot be readily evaluated. One way of defining the lower limit of long timber columns would be to set it as the smallest value of the ratio of length to least cross sectional area that would just exceed a certain constant K of the material. Since K depends on the modulus of elasticity and the allowable compressive stress parallel to the grain it can be seen that this arbitrary limit would vary with the species of the timber. The value of K is given in most structural handbooks.
If the load on a column is applied through the center of gravity of its cross section it is called an axial load. A load at any other point in the cross section is known as an eccentric load. A short column under the action of an axial load will fail by direct compression but a long column loaded in the same manner will fail by buckling (bending), the buckling effect being so large that the effect of the direct load may be neglected. The intermediate length column will fail by a combination of direct stress and bending.
In the middle of the 18th century a mathematician named Euler derived a formula which gives the maximum axial load that a long, slender ideal column can carry without buckling. An ideal column is one which is perfectly straight, homogenous, and free from initial stress. The maximum load, sometimes called the critical load, causes the column to be in a state of unstable equilibrium, that is, any increase in the loads or the introduction of the slightest lateral force will cause the column to fail by buckling. The Euler formula for columns is:
Where
- P = (Kπ2EI)/l2
Examination of this formula reveals the following interesting facts with regard to the bearing power of columns. First, that elasticity and not compressive strength of the materials of the column determines the critical load. Secondly, the critical load is directly proportional to the moment of inertia of the cross-section. The strength of a column may therefore be increased by distributing the material so as to increase the moment of inertia. This can be done without increasing the weight of the column by distributing the material as far from the principal axes of the transverse section as possible consistent with keeping the material thick enough to prevent local buckling. This bears out the well-known fact that a tubular section is much superior to a solid section for column service. Another bit of information that may be gleaned from this equation is the effect of length upon critical load. For a given size column, doubling the unsupported length quarters the allowable load. The restraint offered by the end connections of a column also affects the critical load. If the connections are perfectly rigid, the critial load will be four times that for a similar column where there is no resistance to rotation (hinged at the ends).
- P = maximum or critical load
- E = modulus of elasticity
- I = moment of inertia of cross sectional area
- l = unsupported length of column
- K = a constant whose value depends upon the conditions of end support of the column, For both ends free to turn K = 1; for both ends fixed K = 4; for one end free to turn and the other end fixed K = 2 approximately, and for one end fixed and the other end free to move laterally K = 1/4.
Since the moment of inertia of a surface is its area multiplied by the square of a length called the radius of gyration, the above formula may be rearranged as follows. Using the Euler formula for hinged ends and substituting Ar2 for I the following formula results:
where P/A is the allowable unit stress of the column and l/r is the slenderness ratio.
- P/A = (π2E)/(l/r)2
Since the structural column is generally an intermediate length column and it is impossible to obtain an ideal column, the Euler formula has little practical application for ordinary design. Consequently, a number of empirical column formulae have been developed to agree with test data, all of which embody the slenderness ratio. For design, appropriate factors of safety are introduced into these formulae.
See column for Orchid reproductive organ.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Column."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The column or technically, the gynostemium is a reproductive structure in the center of an orchid flower. It is derived from the fusion of both male and female parts into a single organ that both releases the pollen and also receives it (ideally from another individual) for fertilization. Unlike almost all other plants (see Asclepiadaceae) the single male anther at the tip of the column produces pollen that is not free and powdery but held in waxy masses of two, four or six pellets called pollinia. The transfer of pollinia from one flower to another, though highly efficient is often reliant upon one species of insect and therefore can be catastrophic for the plant if it's pollinator disappears.Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Column (botany)."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
| col | English | Column | Language, Publishing & Graphic Arts |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: ColumnSynonyms: chromatography column (n), editorial (n), newspaper column (n), pillar (n), tower (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Calefaction | Still; refinery; fractionating column, fractionating tower, cracking tower. |
Centrality | Core, kernel; nucleus, nucleolus; heart, pole axis, bull's eye; nave, navel; umbilicus, backbone, marrow, pith; vertebra, vertebral column; hotbed; concentration; (convergence); centralization; symmetry. |
Combatant | Army, corps d'armee, host, division, battalia, column, wing, detachment, garrison, flying column, brigade, regiment, corps, battalion, sotnia, squadron, company, platoon, battery, subdivision, section, squad; piquet, picket, guard, rank, file; legion, phalanx, cohort; cloud of skirmishers. |
Continuity | Procession, column; retinue, cortege, cavalcade, rank and file, line of battle, array. |
Adverb: continuously; Adjective: seriatim; in a line; Noun: in succession, in turn; running, gradually, step by step, gradatim, at a stretch; in file, in column, in single file, in Indian file. | |
Height | Tower, pillar, column, obelisk, monument, steeple, spire, minaret, campanile, turret, dome, cupola;skyscraper. |
Journey | Procession, cavalcade, caravan, file, cortege, column. |
Printing | Print, letterpress, text; context, note, page, column. |
Record | Monument, hatchment, slab, tablet, trophy, achievement; obelisk, pillar, column, monolith; memorial; memento; (memory); testimonial, medal; commemoration; (celebration). |
Rotundity | Cylinder, cylindroid, cylindrical; barrel, drum; roll, roller; rouleau, column, rolling-pin, rundle. |
Support | Post, pillar, shaft, thill, column, pilaster; pediment, pedicle; pedestal; plinth, shank, leg, socle, zocle; buttress, jamb, mullion, abutment; baluster, banister, stanchion; balustrade; headstone; upright; door post, jamb, door jamb. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | While you wait you can read my column. It'll make minutes fly like hours (All About Eve; writing credit: Joseph L. Mankiewicz) And inside the lump, he finds teeth, and a spinal column. The lumpit was my twin (My Big Fat Greek Wedding; writing credit: Nia Vardalos) Karen's gonna get fired unless we get her advice column in by 8:00 tonight (Charmed; writing credit: Colman deKay) Here's mud in your column! (Sweet Smell of Success; writing credit: Ernest Lehman; Clifford Odets) Clear column 1 and 2, front page (Wedding Rehearsal; writing credit: Lajos Biró; George Grossmith) | |
Movie/TV Titles | The Fifth Column (1960) Final Column (1955) Column South (1953) Seventh Column (1943) Cupid's Column (1915) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
Books | |||
Periodicals |
| ||
Music |
| ||
High Tech |
| ||
Consumer Goods | |||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Hoop Column Antenna. Credit: NASA. |  | Conductivity-Temperature-Depth measuring instrument for studying characteristics of water column. Credit: Paths Less Taken - NOAA at the Ends of the Earth. |
 | A bucket full of quahogs, Mercenaria mercenaria. Quahogs feed by filtering plankton from the water, pumping up to a gallon per hour or more, depending on temperature. This feeding activity helps to improve water quality and clarity in Narragansett Bay and is an important ecological link between the Bay's water column and its benthic, or bottom-dwelling community. Credit: NOAA Restoration Center. |  | Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve. A Painted Tealia, Urticina crassicornis (formerly Tealia crassicornis), is also known as the Christmas Anemone, Red and Green Anemone, or Painted Urticina. This large anemone is found in low intertidal and subtidal zones. Column olive green with red splotches - oral disk is greenish with radiating red stripes across tentacles. Credit: National Estuarine Research Reserve System (NERR). |
 | Project Vortex-99. A backlit funnel cloud and tornado. Note the debris column. Credit: National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL). |  | Two types of Chromis sp. on acropora coral head Fish feed on zooplankton from water column These fish use the coral for protection from predation. Credit: The Coral Kingdom. |
 | Figure 17. Hyponeuston net for capturing life in the top 5 centimeters of the water column. This net was devised by Yuvenalii P. Zaitsev of the biological station at Odessa and meant to capture plankton from the very top of the water column. The top of the net was actually half out of the water when being towed while the bottom skimmed the surface. First made in 1959. Credit: Sailing for Science - the NOAA Fleet Then and Now. |  | Figure 25. Net WP2 as recommended by working group Number 2 of the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research in 1966. Plan of the net on left. Specimen collector on the right. This net was meant to collect zooplankton from the upper 200 meters of the water column. It was first tested by Paul Smith of the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries in the NE Pacific in 1966. Credit: Sailing for Science - the NOAA Fleet Then and Now. |
 | Basalt "log" construction at Nan Madol. Each basalt log is separate column of basalt found in area of columnar jointing and weighs hundreds of pounds. Some logs appear to be sufficiently large to weigh over a ton. Credit: Small World. |  | U.S. Air Force Drill Team member Staff Sgt. Sam Edmonds walks between a column of spinning rifles during the NFL Players Huddle Party at MacDill AFB, Fla., Jan. 23, 2001. People and aircraft from various bases around the nation to include a Charleston bas. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "Church column 2" by Gábor Suhajda Commentary: "Catholic church - békéscsaba." | "Nelson's column" by Philip Jackson Commentary: "Surely someone can use this nelson's column. black and white, tho. but the sky was grey anyway I try to disguise that thru black and whiting the lot." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Author | Quotation |
Robertson Davies | He types his labored column -- weary drudge! Senile fudge and solemn: spare, editor, to condemn these dry leaves of his autumn. |
Schiller | Ever building to the clouds, and never reflecting that the poor narrow basis cannot sustain the giddy, tottering column. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Title | Author | Quote |
Tangled Tale | Carroll, Lewis | The first column is for choice of subject, the second for arrangement, the third for colouring |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | All at once, tragic to relate, at the left of the English, and on our right, the head of the column of cuirassiers reared with a frightful clamour |
Grapes of Wrath | Steinbeck, John | The truck pulled a high whirling column of red dust behind it. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Brain and spinal cord tumors are abnormal growths of tissue found inside the skull or the bony spinal column. (references) | |
Except in Hodgkin's disease, treatment is usually given to prevent the spread of disease to the brain and spinal column. (references) | ||
The bones are weakened, and routine activities such as bending, lifting or rising from a chair may lead to backaches, rib and spinal column fractures. (references) | ||
Business | Advanced technologies have not been adopted including ion exchange, chromatographic fractionation, membrane separation, statically separation filiation, mercury cathode electrolysis, vapor liquidation, and column separation. (references) | |
This use accounts for 60 - 80% of waste oil used as a process fuel. Waste oil can also be treated to produce a fuel with similar properties and emissions levels to that of virgin fuel. Waste oil is passed through a flash column to remove water, and then, through distillation, sediments, heavy hydrocarbons, metals and additives are removed. (references) | ||
Recent scares include contaminated cod liver oil stocks and possible harmful effects of large doses of vitamin C. These stories are reported by all the major U.K. press, such as the BBC’s weekly TV program Watchdog Healthcheck and the Sunday Times magazine, which has a regular natural health column that often includes discussions of nutritional supplement usage. (references) | ||
Civil Liberties | Guatemala | From March to August the Government negotiated a settlement with the IAPS and with survivors of Irma Flaquer who, before she was kidnaped in 1980, published a column entitled "What Others Conceal" that was critical of the atrocities committed during the conflict. (references) |
Human Rights | Namibia | For example, government officials publicly stated on numerous occasions during the year that critics were a fifth column for UNITA and guilty of treason. (references) |
Peru | On March 1, he had no feeling in his legs when he was taken to the Air Force Central Hospital; his spinal column was injured and he was unable to walk normally at year's end. (references) | |
Trade | Bulgaria | Column 2 is equivalent to Most-Favored Nation (MFN) status. (references) |
Bulgaria | The column 1 rate applies to the 118 countries that qualify for preferential duty rates. (references) | |
Bulgaria | Forty-two countries, including the United States, are subject to column 2. Approximately 80 percent by value of Bulgaria's total imports receive column 2 treatment. (references) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Al Hunt | Let's talk just a moment about the war. You wrote a column in which you said in Afghanistan you can't tell who's on which side. |
Rush Limbaugh | Read An Anti-SUV Airhead's Column. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| "Column" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.93% of the time. "Column" is used about 2,840 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 99.93% | 2,838 | 3,260 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.07% | 2 | 245,945 |
| Total | 100.00% | 2,840 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "column": a fifth column ♦ absorption column ♦ advertisement column ♦ advertising column ♦ advertisment column ♦ agony column ♦ ammonia distillation column ♦ Attached column ♦ attack from marsh column ♦ axially collapsing steering column ♦ Canted column ♦ chromatography column ♦ circular column ♦ close column ♦ Clustered column ♦ column Address Strobe ♦ column balance ♦ column chromatography ♦ column clamp ♦ column cover ♦ column foot ♦ column footing ♦ column formation ♦ column gap ♦ column inch ♦ column length ♦ column mode ♦ column of smoke ♦ column of troops ♦ Column rule ♦ column snaking ♦ column split ♦ column totalization ♦ column writer ♦ control column ♦ correspondence column ♦ cutter column ♦ Diminished column ♦ distilling column ♦ emitting column ♦ Engaged column ♦ erosion column ♦ farctionating column ♦ fifth column ♦ fractionating column ♦ funnel column ♦ ganglionic column ♦ hidden column ♦ hoodoo column ♦ in column ♦ labels in one column ♦ lally column ♦ liquid column chromatography ♦ march column ♦ masked column ♦ newspaper column ♦ nuclear column ♦ numbers column ♦ opinion column ♦ original column ♦ personal column ♦ put in a column ♦ questions and answers column ♦ rectifying column ♦ round column ♦ social column ♦ society column ♦ socket of a column ♦ source column ♦ spinal column ♦ start column ♦ support column ♦ supporting column ♦ table column ♦ tabular column ♦ unconditional column break ♦ vacuum column ♦ vertebral column ♦ vesicular column ♦ Vickers'Resonant Water Column ♦ water column. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "column": column-arcade-supported, column-breaker, column-drum, column-inches, column-like, column-lines, column-row. | |
Ending with "column": three-column, two-column. | |
Containing "column": eighty-column mind, twelve-column-inch. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
column | 2,121 | humor column | 37 |
advice column | 188 | concrete column | 34 |
architectural column | 171 | interior column | 34 |
wood column | 128 | plastic column | 34 |
decorative column | 113 | ionic column | 33 |
spinal column | 112 | column cover | 32 |
porch column | 111 | column damon matt | 30 |
fiberglass column | 102 | house column | 28 |
steering column | 100 | white column | 27 |
roman column | 94 | can column explorer extra interface like window | 26 |
greek column | 85 | hplc column | 26 |
vertebral column | 78 | lally column | 24 |
wedding column | 49 | ariannaonline.com column index.html | 23 |
chromatography column | 44 | durutti column | 23 |
dear abby column | 41 | building column | 23 |
stone column | 41 | column game | 22 |
corinthian column | 40 | brick column | 22 |
aluminum column | 40 | barry column dave | 22 |
gossip column | 39 | colum column explorer fno3 from information note select | 21 |
doric column | 38 | marble column | 21 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Translations for "column"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaans | rubriek (header), kolom (pillar). (various references) | |
Albanian | varg (cavalcade, chain, concatenation, course, file, in file, line, network, nexus, number, range, rank, ridge, row, series, string, succession, train, variety, verse), shtyllë (backbone, bankseat, bearing, mainstay, pile, pillar, pole, post, staff, stanchion, standard, stock, tower), rubrikë (rubric), kolonë gazete, kolonë (pillar). (various references) | |
Arabic | عمود في صحيفة, عمود (armature, perch, pier, pillar, pit, pole, post, prop, stake, standard, stock), طابور (crocodile, cue, file, line, queue, row, tabor), صف طويل, خانة (place), رتل (be regular, chant, cue, intone, queue, run, string). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | стълб (pier, pile, pillar, pole, post, riser, shaft, staff, stanchion, standard, verge), шпалта (galley, proof, proof sheet, slip), колона (pier, pillar, shaft, shank, tige, upright, verge), опора (abut, anchor, anchorage, backlog, bearer, bulwark, buttress, cradle, crutch, dependence, faith, foothold, holder, jamb, lodgement, lodgment, mainstay, palladium, pillar, prop, purchase, rampart, rest, rock, roothold, sinews, staff, stand by, stay, stock, stronghold, support, tower, underpinning), лост (bar, bolt, clevis, crossbar, horizontal bar, lever, pinch, pry, tiller). (various references) | |
Chinese | 圓柱 (cylinder), 壔 (cylinder), 专栏 (Col, Col-). (various references) | |
Czech | sloupec. (various references) | |
Danish | kolonne (pillar). (various references) | |
Dutch | pilaar (pillar), kolom (pillar), zuil (pillar), steunpilaar (pillar), colonne (pillar). (various references) | |
Esperanto | rubriko (header), kolumno, kolono (pillar). (various references) | |
Faeroese | teigur (pillar), steyri (pillar, pole, post, stake, stanchion), stakkur (heap, pile, pillar, stack), súla (pillar). (various references) | |
Farsi | پایه (Base, Basis, Bedrock, Buttress, Cantilever, Degree, Ground, Groundwork, Leg, Mark, Measure, Mount, Outrigger, Phase, Pillar, Prop, Root, Sill, Stage, Stalk, Stanchion, Status, Stock, Stratum), ستون (Jamb, Pier, Pile, Pillar, Shaft, Staple), رکن (Pillar). (various references) | |
Finnish | pylväs (pillar, post), sarake (table column, tabular column), pilari (pillar), palsta (parcel, plot, site). (various references) | |
French | colonne (circular column, round column, supporting column), pilier (supporting column), rubrique, file. (various references) | |
Frisian | rubryk (header). (various references) | |
German | spalte (break, chasm, chink, cleavage, cleft, col, crack, cranny, crevasse, crevice, fissure, fudge, gap, hole, pillar, rift), säule (pillar), kolumne (pillar), rubrik (caption, category, class, head, header, heading, rubric, section), kolonne (band, convoy, gang, line, queue, train). (various references) | |
Greek | κολόνα (pillar, post), στήλη (pile, stele), κίων (pillar). (various references) | |
Hebrew | מדור (branch, compartment, department, rubric, section, suite), מצבה (gravestone, pillar, stone, tombstone), תימרה (cloud), שורה (file, line, pass, rank, row, string, succession, tier), עמודה, עמוד (pillar, pole, whoa), אתיק (gallery, porch), טור (file, line, progression, rank, route, row), נציב (pillar). (various references) | |
Hungarian | rovat (head, heading), pillér (bearing, buttress, leg, pier, pillar, post, stanchion, stand, stook, upright), oszlop (file, mainstay, pile, pillar, prop, rectifier, stanchion, standard, support), menetoszlop (march column). (various references) | |
Indonesian | lajur (lane, strip), artikel (clause). (various references) | |
Italian | colonna (pillar). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 縦陣 , 縦隊 , 縦列 (file), 桁 (beam, digit), 円柱 (cylinder, shaft), 囲み記事 , 囲み (box, enclosure, siege), コミュニケーション科学基礎研究所 (choral, collaboration, collaborative, collaborator, collage, collagen, collie, columnist, COM, COMECON, comedian, comedy, comet, Cominform, comment, commentator, comment-out, committee, common, common carrier, common language, common sense, Commonwealth Day, communicate, Communication Science Laboratories, communications intelligence, communications satellite, communicator, communism, communist, Communist Information Bureau, community, community care, community center, community college, community media, community paper, community school, community sports, computer output microfilm system, comsat, corrida, corundum, Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, Komintern, Komsomol, Korea, operator in a telemarketing business, stand-alone feature article framed by a box), カラー写真 (ballads sung by Karashima Midori, calif, California, California roll, calligraphy, carat, caricature, caricaturize, caries, cauliflower, charisma, charismatic, color photo, colorful, curriculum, Kaliglas, Karachi, karaoke, karat, potash glass, potassium, water outlet). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | かこみきじ, かこみ (box, enclosure, siege), コラム (stand-alone feature article framed by a box), カラム , けた (beam, digit), じゅうたい (congestion, critical state, delay, serious condition, seriously ill, stagnation, zodiac), じゅうれつ (file), じゅうじん, えんちゅう (cylinder, shaft). (various references) | |
Korean | 란 (Col, Col-). (various references) | |
Manx | calloo (breakwater, bulwark, landing stage). (various references) | |
Norwegian | søyle, kolonne. (various references) | |
Papiamen | rúbro (header). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | olumncay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | coluna (header, pillar, post, spine, stoop), pilar (buttress, pestle, pillar, post, spile, stanchion, stoop). (various references) | |
Romanian | coloanã (javelin, page, pillar, puncheon, shaft, trunk), stivã (clamp, pile), stâlp (adherent, backbone, pier, pilaster, pillar, pilot, post, prop, pylon, shaft, spile, staff, stake, stanchion, strut, stud, support, supporter, upholder), rubricã (blank, heading, rubric), reazem (fulcrum, pad, prop, stay, support, tower), pilastru (abutment, pilaster, pillar, stud), foileton (feuilleton, lampoon, serial), şir (catena, catenation, course, file, line, pack, queue, range, rank, rope, row, series, string, succession, train), articol (article, commodity, contribution, implement, item, material, paper, product). (various references) | |
Russian | стойка (cheek, dead set, handstand, leg, puncheon, rack, soda fountain, stanchion, stand, standard, stilt, strut, tree, upright), столбец, столбик, столб (pillar, pole, pole jump, stake, stanchion), колонка, колонна (pillar, shaft, stanchion), графа. (various references) | |
Scottish | colbh (pillar, plant stalk). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | stubac, stub (pier, pile, pillar, pole, post, pylon), rubrika (rubric), kolona (file). (various references) | |
Spanish | columna (Col, pillar). (various references) | |
Swedish | pelare (pillar, upright), kolumn (funnel, funnel column, pendant cloud, tornado cloud, tuba), spalt (pillar), kolonn (frame, legs, platoon, standards). (various references) | |
Thai | พวกที่ให้ความช่วยเหลือแก่ข้าศึก (fifth column), คอลัมน์ซุบซิบ (gossip column). (various references) | |
Turkish | sütun (columnar, pillar, post, pylon, scape, shaft, stilt), makale (article, causerie, contribution, paragraph, story, write up, writing), kolon (colon, post), direk (atlas, backbone, beam, mast, pillar, pole, post, pylon, spar, stake, stanchion, stick, upright), basamak (digit, echelon, footstep, grade, ladder, order, pitch, place, rung, scale, stair, step, tread, tread board). (various references) | |
Turkmen | sьtьn (pillar). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | стовп (belch, pillar, pole, post, prop, pylon, staff), розділ (book, chapter, particle, theory), колонка, колона, графа. (various references) | |
Vietnamese | cột (pillar, trunk), bọn phản nước, bọn gián điệp. (various references) | |
Welsh | colofn (pillar). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | agmen, agmina, agmine, agminibus, agminis, agminum, col., columna, stilo, stilum, stilus. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "column": columnal, columnar, columned, columniation, columniations, columnist, columnistic, columnists, columns. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "column": multicolumn. (additional references) | |
Words containing "column": intercolumniation, intercolumniations. (additional references) | |
| |
"Column" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: calum, calumn, calumnt, Chomunn, colemn, colim, Collam, collomn, collumn, colom, colomn, coloumn, colourman, colum, columb, colume, columm, Columna, columny, colums, colunm, Comunn, conumn, coolum, couldni, couldny, Coulman, coum, Cullum, Cusumano, Kilmun, kollsman, koltun, volumn. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "column" (pronounced kÄ"lum) |
| 4 | -Ä" l u m | slalom, solemn. |
| 3 | -l u m | alum, antebellum, asylum, bedlam, pablum, pendulum, phylum, problem, curriculum, diverticulum, emblem, exemplum, flagellum, fullam, golem, hoodlum, Solum, tantalum. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "c-l-m-n-o-u" | |
-1 letter: locum. | |
-2 letters: clon, culm, muon, unco. | |
-3 letters: col, con, cum, lum, moc, mol, mon, mun, nom. | |
-4 letters: lo, mo, mu, no, nu, om, on, um, un. | |
| Words containing the letters "c-l-m-n-o-u" | |
+1 letter: columns. | |
+2 letters: columnal, columnar, columned, communal, inoculum, pulmonic, uncomely. | |
+3 letters: columbine, columnist, contumely, homunculi, inoculums, lunchroom, molluscan, monocular, myoclonus, unwelcome. | |
+4 letters: calmodulin, calumnious, clamouring, columbines, columnists, communally, compulsion, consumable, consumedly, councilman, councilmen, couplement, cumulation, documental, homunculus, involucrum, lunchrooms, maculation, monoculars, nonmusical, nucleosome, uncommonly. | |
+5 letters: californium, calmodulins, calumniator, columnistic, communalism, communalist, communality, communalize, compulsions, consumables, contumelies, couplements, culmination, cumulations, cumulonimbi, glucosamine, homonuclear, immunologic, macronuclei, maculations, malfunction, microfaunal, micronuclei, monocularly, monoculture, mononuclear, multicarbon, multicolumn, multicounty, musclebound, myoclonuses, nucleoplasm, nucleosomal, nucleosomes, oecumenical, outclimbing, outmuscling, uncompleted, unmalicious. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Images: Digital Art | 9. Quotations: Familiar 10. Quotations: Fiction 11. Quotations: Non-fiction 12. Quotations: Spoken | 13. Usage Frequency 14. Expressions 15. Expressions: Internet 16. Translations: Modern | 17. Translations: Ancient 18. Abbreviations 19. Acronyms 20. Derivations | 21. Rhymes 22. Anagrams 23. Bibliography |
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