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Columbia

Definition: Columbia

Columbia

Noun

1. A North American river; rises in southwestern Canada and flows southward across Washington to form the border between Washington and Oregon before emptying into the Pacific; known for its salmon runs in the spring.

2. A town in west central Tennessee.

3. Capital and largest city in South Carolina; located in central South Carolina.

4. A university town in central Missouri.

Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
 

Date "Columbia" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1784. (references)

 

Specialty Definition: Columbia

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Columbia is a name used in the English language for the many things and places. The name is dervived from that of Christopher Columbus. The term "Pre-Columbian" is used for American cultures before the arrival of Columbus and other European explorers.

Columbia shouldn't be confused with Colombia, a country in South America (also named after Christopher Columbus).


Columbia, late 19th century
from a Columbia Records phonograph cylinder package

The name "Columbia" is/was a poetic name for the United States of America, which largely fell out of use in the early 20th century.

Columbia was also a female personification of the USA, similar to the male Uncle Sam, often seen in political cartoons through the early 20th century (see illustration at right) and still used by Columbia Pictures.

The term Columbian has been occasionally used as an Alternate word for American when refering to someone from the United States.

Places named "Columbia" include:

Things named Columbia include:

There is also the constellation Columba, the dove.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Columbia."

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Columbia County, New York

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Columbia County is a county located in the U.S. State of New York. As of 2000, the population is 63,094. The county seat is Hudson. The name comes from the Latin feminine form of the name of Christopher Columbus, which was at the time of the formation of the county a popular proposal for the name of the United States of America.

History


When counties were established in New York State in 1683, the present Columbia County was part of Albany County. This was an enormous county, including the northern part of New York State as well as all of the present State of Vermont and, in theory, extending westward to the Pacific Ocean. This county was reduced in size on July 3, 1766 by the creation of Cumberland County, and further on March 16, 1770 by the creation of Gloucester County, both containing territory now in Vermont. On March 12, 1772, what was left of Albany County was split into three parts, one remaining under the name Albany County. The other two were called Tryon County (later renamed Montgomery County) and Charlotte County (later renamed Washington County). From 1772 to 1786 Albany County included, besides the present territory of Albany County, all of the present Columbia County, as well as what are now Rensselaer, Saratoga, and Schenectady Counties, parts of the present Greene and Washington Counties, and a piece of what is now southwestern Vermont. In 1786, Columbia County was split off from Albany County.

Geography


Columbia County is in the eastern part of New York State, southeast of Albany and immediately west of the Massachusetts border. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,679 km² (648 mi²). 1,647 km² (636 mi²) of it is land and 32 km² (13 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 1.93% water.

Demographics


As of the census2 of 2000, there are 63,094 people, 24,796 households, and 16,588 families residing in the county. The population density is 38/km² (99/mi²). There are 30,207 housing units at an average density of 18/km² (48/mi²). The racial makeup of the county is 92.09% White, 4.52% Black or African American, 0.21% Native American, 0.80% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.90% from other races, and 1.45% from two or more races. 2.53% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 24,796 households out of which 29.90% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.20% are married couples living together, 10.30% have a female householder with no husband present, and 33.10% are non-families. 27.10% of all households are made up of individuals and 11.50% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.43 and the average family size is 2.95. In the county the population is spread out with 24.10% under the age of 18, 6.40% from 18 to 24, 26.90% from 25 to 44, 26.30% from 45 to 64, and 16.40% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 40 years. For every 100 females there are 99.00 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 95.30 males. The median income for a household in the county is $41,915, and the median income for a family is $49,357. Males have a median income of $34,702 versus $25,878 for females. The per capita income for the county is $22,265. 9.00% of the population and 6.40% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 11.80% are under the age of 18 and 6.80% are 65 or older.

Cities and towns


*Ancram
*Austerlitz
*Canaan
*Chatham
*Claverack
*Claverack-Red Mills
*Clermont
*Copake Lake
*Copake
*Gallatin
*Germantown
*Ghent
*Greenport
*Hillsdale
*Hudson
*Kinderhook
*Livingston
*Lorenz Park
*New Lebanon
*Niverville
*Philmont
*Stockport
*Stottville
*Stuyvesant
*Taghkanic
*Valatie

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Columbia County, New York."

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Columbia County, Oregon

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)


Columbia County is a county located in the U.S. State of Oregon. It is named for the Columbia River, which forms its eastern and northern borders. As of 2000, the population is 43,560.

Economy


The primary industries are timber, fishing, water transportation, dairying, horticulture, and recreation. The extensive stands of old growth timber, which had attracted many of the early settlers to the area, were completely logged over by the 1950s. Second growth timber provides the raw material for local lumber and paper mills.

Geography


According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,783 km² (688 mi²). 1,701 km² (657 mi²) of it is land and 82 km² (32 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 4.59% water.

Demographics


As of the census2 of 2000, there are 43,560 people, 16,375 households, and 12,035 families residing in the county. The population density is 26/km² (66/mi²). There are 17,572 housing units at an average density of 10/km² (27/mi²). The racial makeup of the county is 94.42% White, 0.24% Black or African American, 1.33% Native American, 0.59% Asian, 0.10% Pacific Islander, 0.79% from other races, and 2.53% from two or more races. 2.51% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 16,375 households out of which 34.40% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.50% are married couples living together, 8.70% have a female householder with no husband present, and 26.50% are non-families. 21.10% of all households are made up of individuals and 8.10% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.65 and the average family size is 3.06. In the county, the population is spread out with 27.30% under the age of 18, 7.00% from 18 to 24, 28.10% from 25 to 44, 26.00% from 45 to 64, and 11.60% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 38 years. For every 100 females there are 100.00 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 98.10 males. The median income for a household in the county is $45,797, and the median income for a family is $51,381. Males have a median income of $42,227 versus $27,216 for females. The per capita income for the county is $20,078. 9.10% of the population and 6.70% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 11.60% are under the age of 18 and 7.00% are 65 or older.

History


The Chinook and Clatskanie Native Americans inhabited this region for centuries prior to the arrival of Robert Gray, captain of the ship Columbia Rediviva, in 1792. The Lewis and Clark Expedition, traveled and camped along the Columbia River shore in the area later known as Columbia County in late 1805 and on their return journey in early 1806. Columbia County, was created in 1854 from the northern half of Washington County. Milton served as the county seat until 1857 when it was moved to St. Helens.

Cities and towns


*Clatskanie
*Columbia City
*Milton
*Mist
*Prescott
*Rainier
*Scappoose
*St. Helens
*Vernonia

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Columbia County, Oregon."

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Columbia Records

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Columbia Records is the oldest continually used brand name in recorded sound, dating back to 1888.

Columbia was originally the local company distributing and selling Edison phonographs and phonograph cylinders in Washington, D.C, Maryland and Delaware. As was the custom of some of the regional phonograph companies, Columbia produced many commercial cylinder recordings of its own. Columbia severed its ties to Edison and the North American Phonograph Company in 1893, and thereafter sold only records and phonographs of their own manufacture.

Columbia began selling disc records and phonographs in addition to the cylinder system in 1901. For a decade Columbia competed with both the Edison Phonograph Company cylinders and the Victor Talking Machine Company disc records as one of the top three names in recorded sound.

In 1908 Columbia introduced mass production of "Double Sided" disc records, with recordings stamped into both sides of the disc.


Label of a Columbia disc from 1925
In July of 1912 Columbia decided to concentrate exclusively on disc records, and stopped recording new cylinder records and manufacturing cylinder phonographs, although they continued pressing and selling cylinder records from their back catalogue for a year or two more.

In early 1925 Columbia began recording with the new electric recording process licenced from Western Electric. In a secret agreement with Victor, both companies did not make the new recording technology public knowledge for some months, in order not to hurt sales of their existing acoustically recorded catalogue while a new electrically recorded catalogue was being built.

The Columbia label was bought by Columbia Broadcasting System in 1938 for US$ 700,000.

In 1948 Columbia introduced the Long Playing Record LP (sometimes in early advertisements Lp) format, rotating at 33 & 1/3 rotations per minute, which became the standard for the analogue disc record for half a century.

Since 1988 Columbia Records has been owned by Sony, who re-christened this division Sony Music Entertainment, although they continue to issue records under the Columbia brand name.

See also: List of other record labels

External Link

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Columbia River

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

The Columbia River is the largest river in volume flowing into the Pacific Ocean from North America. Its headwaters are located in the Canadian Rockies of British Columbia, and it flows through the east-central portion of Washington. The last 300 miles (480 km) form the Washington-Oregon state line. It flows into the Pacific Ocean at Astoria, Oregon.

Roll on, Columbia, roll on, roll on, Columbia, roll on
Your power is turning our darkness to dawn
Roll on, Columbia, roll on. -- Woody Guthrie

The Columbia is a great source of hydroelectric power, hosting the Bonneville and Grand Coulee dams, among others. These dams, like so many others in the world, came with a price: at one time the river was thick with salmon, and the presence of the dams together with overfishing have been major factors in the reduction of populations of this fish. Fish ladders have been installed to help mitigate the harm to this fish, but there is still much discussion of breaching some of the smaller dams along the river in order to help the salmon runs return. Other benefits the dams provide, besides hydroelectric power, include navigation and flood control, two areas that the first settlers to the Northwest were forced to grapple with many times.

In addition, the dams provide water for the Columbia Basin Irrigation Project, one of the most extensive irrigation projects in the western United States. The project provides water to over half a million acres of fertile but arid lands in central Washington state. Water from the project has transformed the region from a wasteland barely able to produce subsistance levels of dry-land wheat crops to a major agricultural center. Important crops include appless, potatoes, alfalfa, wheat, corn (maize), barley, hops, beans, and sugar beets.

In addition to irrigation and electricity, the river also provides entertainment to thousands in the region. The Columbia River Gorge is considered by many wind surfers as the best wind surfing place in the world. Water skiers also enjoy this wide river throughout the summer.

On May 11, 1792, Captain Robert Gray became the first white man to see the Columbia River. Lewis and Clark's expedition travelled the river to the Pacific.

Tributaries of the Columbia

(Listed in order upstream)

Cities on the Columbia

(Listed in alaphbetical order)

Hydroelectric dams on the Columbia

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Columbia Township, Hamilton County, Ohio

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Columbia Township is a township of eastern Hamilton County, Ohio. As of 2000 the total population is 4,617, and only about 2.5 mi² (about 1800 acres) remain in the unincorporated township. Most of the original township has been absorbed by expanding urban areas.

Geography

The remaining township is discontinuous, consisting of enclaves within the surrounding towns and some lands not suitable for development. The Little Miami River flows through the township and some areas with steep hillsides on the river's edge are not suitable for development. The towns and cities that today occupy most of the township include Cincinnati (west and south), Madeira (northwest), Indian Hill (north). The remaining boundaries are shared with Clermont County (east) and Anderson Township (south).

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Columbia Township, Hamilton County, Ohio."

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Columbia University

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Officially named Columbia University in the City of New York, this institution predates the United States. Columbia is located on the Upper West Side of New York City and is a member of the Ivy League.

History

Columbia University was founded in 1754 as King's College under royal charter of King George II of Great Britain. It is the oldest institution of higher learning in the state of New York and the fifth oldest in the United States. It remains one of the world's most prestigious, selective and elite centers of higher education.

In July 1754, Samuel Johnson (1696-1772; not to be confused with Dr. Johnson, the British lexicographer, 1709-1784) held the first classes in a new school house adjoining Trinity Church, located on what is now lower Broadway in Manhattan. There were eight students in the class. In 1767 King's College established the first American medical school to grant the MD degree.

The American Revolutionary War brought the growth of the College to a halt, forcing a suspension of instruction in 1776 that lasted for eight years. Among the earliest students and trustees of King's College were John Jay, the first Chief Justice of the United States; Alexander Hamilton, the first Secretary of the Treasury; Gouverneur Morris, the author of the final draft of the United States Constitution; and Robert R. Livingston, a member of the five-man committee that drafted the Declaration of Independence.

In 1784 the college reopened as Columbia College, reflecting the patriotic fervor which had inspired the nation's quest for independence.

In 1849, the College moved from Park Place, near the present site of City Hall, to 49th Street and Madison Avenue, where it remained for the next fifty years. During the last half of the nineteenth century, Columbia rapidly assumed the shape of a modern university. The Law School was founded in 1858, and the country's first mining school, a precursor of today's School of Engineering and Applied Science, was established in 1864. Barnard College for women became affiliated with Columbia in 1889; the Medical School came under the aegis of the University in 1891, followed by Teachers College in 1893.

The development of graduate faculties in political science, philosophy, and pure science established Columbia as one of the nation's earliest centers for graduate education.

In 1896, the trustees officially authorized the use of yet another new name, Columbia University, and today the institution is officially known as "Columbia University in the City of New York." At the same time the campus was moved again from 49th Street to a more spacious 26 acre campus in Morningside Heights (from 114th to 120th streets, Broadway to Amsterdam Avenue West) where it is still located. The campus was designed by the famous architectural firm, McKim, Mead, and White.

In 1902, New York newspaper magnate Joseph Pulitzer donated a substantial sum to the University for the founding of a school to teach journalism. The result was the 1912 opening of the Graduate School of Journalism-- the only journalism school in the Ivy League. The school remains the nation's most prestigious, and is the administrator of the coveted Pulitzer Prize and the DuPont Award in broadcast journalism.


View of part of the Columbia University campus, 1915

Columbia Business School was added in the early 20th century.

By the late 1930s, a Columbia student could study with the likes of Jacques Barzun, Paul Lazarsfeld, Mark Van Doren, Lionel Trilling, and I. I. Rabi, to name just a few of the great minds of the Morningside campus. The University's graduates during this time were equally accomplished - for example, two alumni of Columbia's Law School, Charles Evans Hughes and Harlan Fiske Stone (who also held the position of Law School dean), served successively as Chief Justice of the United States.

Butler Library at Columbia University (June 2003)
Research into the atom by faculty members I. I. Rabi, Enrico Fermi and Polykarp Kusch placed Columbia's Physics Department in the international spotlight in the 1940s after the first nuclear pile was built to start what would become the Manhattan Project.

In the spring of 1968 student protesters took over five buildings and occupied them for a week. They were protesting the building of a gymnasium in Morningside Park, the campus presence of the government and military recruiters, and the administration in general. (see John Lindsay)

Columbia University had been relatively declining during the 1970s and 1980s. During the 1990s, under the leadership of University President George Rupp, Columbia regained its reputation as one of the nation's leading universities.

Well-Known Alumni

Statistics

Student Enrollment (Fall 2000)

Faculty Awards and Honors

External Links

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Columbia, Alabama

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Columbia is a town located in Houston County, Alabama. As of the 2000 census, the population of the town is 804.

Geography


Columbia is located at 31°17'32" North, 85°6'44" West (31.292283, -85.112123)1. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 10.3 km² (4.0 mi²). 10.2 km² (3.9 mi²) of it is land and 0.2 km² (0.1 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 1.75% water.

Demographics

As of the census2 of 2000, there are 804 people, 344 households, and 226 families residing in the town. The population density is 79.0/km² (204.8/mi²). There are 462 housing units at an average density of 45.4/km² (117.7/mi²). The racial makeup of the town is 74.38% White, 24.50% Black or African American, 0.62% Native American, 0.00% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 0.12% from other races, and 0.37% from two or more races. 0.50% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There are 344 households out of which 27.9% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.4% are married couples living together, 12.2% have a female householder with no husband present, and 34.3% are non-families. 33.7% of all households are made up of individuals and 18.9% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.34 and the average family size is 2.98.

In the town the population is spread out with 25.7% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 24.0% from 25 to 44, 22.1% from 45 to 64, and 21.6% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 41 years. For every 100 females there are 87.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 84.3 males.

The median income for a household in the town is $27,500, and the median income for a family is $36,339. Males have a median income of $29,821 versus $18,393 for females. The per capita income for the town is $15,248. 18.0% of the population and 12.3% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 24.0% are under the age of 18 and 18.6% are 65 or older.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Columbia, Alabama."

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Columbia, California

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Columbia is a town located in Tuolumne County, California. As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 2,405.

Geography


Columbia is located at 38°2'2" North, 120°24'4" West (38.033881, -120.401172)1. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 16.0 km² (6.2 mi²). Only 0.16% of the total area is covered by water.

Demographics


As of the census of 2000, there are 2,405 people, 1,063 households, and 659 families residing in the town. The population density is 150.5/km² (389.7/mi²). There are 1,162 housing units at an average density of 72.7/km² (188.3/mi²). The racial makeup of the town is 90.10% White, 0.87% African American, 1.41% Native American, 1.29% Asian, 0.12% Pacific Islander, 1.29% from other races, and 4.91% from two or more races. 6.90% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 1,063 households out of which 22.6% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.3% are married couples living together, 13.0% have a female householder with no husband present, and 38.0% are non-families. 29.7% of all households are made up of individuals and 14.3% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.18 and the average family size is 2.65. In the town the population is spread out with 20.2% under the age of 18, 10.0% from 18 to 24, 18.8% from 25 to 44, 28.1% from 45 to 64, and 22.9% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 46 years. For every 100 females there are 89.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 88.4 males. The median income for a household in the town is $29,173, and the median income for a family is $35,000. Males have a median income of $40,729 versus $23,750 for females. The per capita income for the town is $18,731. 19.0% of the population and 20.2% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 37.7% are under the age of 18 and 1.4% are 65 or older.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Columbia, California."

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Columbia, Connecticut

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Columbia is a town located in Tolland County, Connecticut. As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 4,971.

Geography


According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 56.9 km² (22.0 mi²). 55.3 km² (21.4 mi²) of it is land and 1.6 km² (0.6 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 2.78% water.

Demographics


As of the census of 2000, there are 4,971 people, 1,864 households, and 1,463 families residing in the town. The population density is 89.9/km² (232.8/mi²). There are 1,988 housing units at an average density of 35.9/km² (93.1/mi²). The racial makeup of the town is 97.43% White, 0.38% African American, 0.08% Native American, 0.70% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 0.56% from other races, and 0.78% from two or more races. 1.69% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 1,864 households out of which 36.2% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 68.1% are married couples living together, 7.4% have a female householder with no husband present, and 21.5% are non-families. 17.3% of all households are made up of individuals and 6.8% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.65 and the average family size is 3.01. In the town the population is spread out with 26.2% under the age of 18, 4.6% from 18 to 24, 30.3% from 25 to 44, 28.1% from 45 to 64, and 10.9% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 40 years. For every 100 females there are 95.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 94.7 males. The median income for a household in the town is $70,208, and the median income for a family is $77,665. Males have a median income of $51,250 versus $37,685 for females. The per capita income for the town is $29,446. 4.2% of the population and 1.8% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 6.0% are under the age of 18 and 5.3% are 65 or older.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Columbia, Connecticut."

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Columbia, Illinois

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Columbia is a city located in Monroe County, Illinois. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 7,922.

Geography


Columbia is located at 38°26'57" North, 90°12'31" West (38.449172, -90.208500)1. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 24.4 km² (9.4 mi²). 24.4 km² (9.4 mi²) of it is land and 0.1 km² (0.04 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 0.21% water.

Demographics


As of the census of 2000, there are 7,922 people, 3,112 households, and 2,218 families residing in the city. The population density is 325.0/km² (841.5/mi²). There are 3,219 housing units at an average density of 132.1/km² (341.9/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 98.52% White, 0.10% African American, 0.19% Native American, 0.34% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 0.20% from other races, and 0.64% from two or more races. 0.96% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 3,112 households out of which 35.9% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.3% are married couples living together, 7.2% have a female householder with no husband present, and 28.7% are non-families. 25.4% of all households are made up of individuals and 10.9% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.50 and the average family size is 3.01. In the city the population is spread out with 25.9% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 32.0% from 25 to 44, 20.6% from 45 to 64, and 15.2% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 38 years. For every 100 females there are 93.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 88.6 males. The median income for a household in the city is $58,003, and the median income for a family is $69,059. Males have a median income of $46,197 versus $31,042 for females. The per capita income for the city is $26,767. 2.5% of the population and 2.0% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 2.3% are under the age of 18 and 4.4% are 65 or older.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Columbia, Illinois."

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Columbia, Kentucky

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Columbia is a city located in Adair County, Kentucky. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 4,014. It is the county seat of Adair County6.

Geography


Columbia is located at 37°6'2" North, 85°18'22" West (37.100652, -85.306056)1. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 8.9 km² (3.4 mi²). 8.9 km² (3.4 mi²) of it is land and none of it is covered by water.

Demographics


As of the census of 2000, there are 4,014 people, 1,554 households, and 893 families residing in the city. The population density is 450.5/km² (1,167.9/mi²). There are 1,789 housing units at an average density of 200.8/km² (520.5/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 90.38% White, 7.37% African American, 0.22% Native American, 0.60% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.20% from other races, and 1.20% from two or more races. 1.02% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 1,554 households out of which 24.8% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.9% are married couples living together, 14.5% have a female householder with no husband present, and 42.5% are non-families. 40.3% of all households are made up of individuals and 22.1% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.12 and the average family size is 2.84. In the city the population is spread out with 18.0% under the age of 18, 19.1% from 18 to 24, 23.1% from 25 to 44, 19.1% from 45 to 64, and 20.6% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 36 years. For every 100 females there are 83.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 78.6 males. The median income for a household in the city is $22,861, and the median income for a family is $31,344. Males have a median income of $23,906 versus $21,000 for females. The per capita income for the city is $17,836. 26.6% of the population and 19.9% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 39.4% are under the age of 18 and 17.9% are 65 or older.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Columbia, Kentucky."

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Columbia, Louisiana

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Columbia is a town located in Caldwell Parish, Louisiana. As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 477.

Geography


Columbia is located at 32°6'15" North, 92°4'37" West (32.104042, -92.076921)1. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 2.0 km² (0.8 mi²). 2.0 km² (0.8 mi²) of it is land and 1.30% is water.

Demographics


As of the census of 2000, there are 477 people, 184 households, and 101 families residing in the town. The population density is 242.3/km² (629.9/mi²). There are 237 housing units at an average density of 120.4/km² (312.9/mi²). The racial makeup of the town is 70.02% White, 27.25% African American, 0.63% Native American, 1.47% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 0.42% from other races, and 0.21% from two or more races. 0.42% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 184 households out of which 21.7% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.8% are married couples living together, 12.0% have a female householder with no husband present, and 44.6% are non-families. 41.3% of all households are made up of individuals and 20.1% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.23 and the average family size is 3.08. In the town the population is spread out with 22.2% under the age of 18, 8.4% from 18 to 24, 26.6% from 25 to 44, 24.5% from 45 to 64, and 18.2% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 41 years. For every 100 females there are 103.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 106.1 males. The median income for a household in the town is $30,000, and the median income for a family is $33,523. Males have a median income of $33,000 versus $18,000 for females. The per capita income for the town is $13,999. 25.9% of the population and 19.0% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 32.0% are under the age of 18 and 32.0% are 65 or older.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Columbia, Louisiana."

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Columbia, Maine

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Columbia is a town located in Washington County, Maine. As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 459.

Geography


According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 93.9 km² (36.3 mi²). 93.2 km² (36.0 mi²) of it is land and 0.7 km² (0.3 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 0.74% water.

Demographics


As of the census of 2000, there are 459 people, 190 households, and 122 families residing in the town. The population density is 4.9/km² (12.8/mi²). There are 267 housing units at an average density of 2.9/km² (7.4/mi²). The racial makeup of the town is 98.69% White, 0.00% African American, 0.22% Native American, 0.00% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 0.00% from other races, and 1.09% from two or more races. 0.00% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 190 households out of which 32.6% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.7% are married couples living together, 14.7% have a female householder with no husband present, and 35.3% are non-families. 26.8% of all households are made up of individuals and 8.9% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.42 and the average family size is 2.89. In the town the population is spread out with 24.6% under the age of 18, 8.3% from 18 to 24, 34.4% from 25 to 44, 23.1% from 45 to 64, and 9.6% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 39 years. For every 100 females there are 97.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 95.5 males. The median income for a household in the town is $28,125, and the median income for a family is $31,818. Males have a median income of $28,750 versus $22,000 for females. The per capita income for the town is $14,537. 21.8% of the population and 18.3% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 35.5% are under the age of 18 and 17.4% are 65 or older.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Columbia, Maine."

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Columbia, Maryland

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Columbia is a town located in Howard County, Maryland. As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 88,254. The town began with the idea that a city could enhance its residents' quality of life. Its creator, James Rouse, saw Columbia in terms of human values, not just in terms of economics and engineering. Opened in 1967, this new town was designed to eliminate the inconveniences of then current sub-division design, but also eliminate racial, religious, and income segregation. Today Columbia has a population of about 90,000, and is largely built-out.

History

The Rouse Company accumulated over 14,000 acres, 10% of Howard County, Maryland (located between Baltimore and Washington DC), from 140 separate owners. This acquisition was funded by Connecticut General Life Insurance, at an average price of $1,500 per acre. In October 1963, the acquisition was revealed to the residents of the County, putting to rest rumors about the mysterious purchases (which included the theory that the site was for a laboratory to study diseases and another that the site was intended to become a giant compost heap).

At this unveiling James Rouse described Columbia as a planned new city which would avoid the leap-frog and spot development threatening the county. The new city would be complete with jobs, schools, shopping, and medical services, and a range of housing choices. The property taxes from commercial development would cover the additional services with which housing would burden the county. The Columbia planning process included not only planners, but also a convening of a panel of nationally recognized experts in the social sciences, known as the Work Group. Meeting for two days, twice a month, for half a year, the Work Group suggested innovations that the planners should try in education, recreation, religion, and health care, as well as ways of improving social interactions. Open classrooms, the interfaith centers, and the then novel idea of a Health Maintenance Organization with a group practice of doctors (the Columbia Medical Plan) sprung from these meetings.

The physical plan, with neighborhood and village centers, also were decided upon at these meetings. Columbia's “New Town District” zoning ordinance gives the developer great flexibility about what to put where, without getting approval from the county for each specific project.

Plan

To achieve the goals set forth by the Work Group, Columbia's master plan called for a series of ten self-contained villages, around which day-to-day life would revolve.

Villages and Neighborhoods:

The village concept is aimed to provide Columbia a small-town feel (Like Easton, Maryland where James Rouse grew up). Each village is comprised of several neighborhoods. The village center may contain middle and high schools, all have a shopping center, recreational facilities, a community center, a system of bike/walking paths, and homes. Four of the villages have interfaith centers, common worship facilities which are owned and jointly operated by a variety of religious congregations working together.

Most of Columbia's neighborhoods contain single-family homes, townhomes, condominiums and apartments (though some are more exclusive than others). The original plan, following the neighborhood concept of Clarence Perry would have had all the children of a neighborhood attend the same school, melding neighborhoods into a community and ensuring that all of Columbia's children get the same high-quality education.

The last village, River Hill, is currently being developed and growing fast. With the completion of River Hill, Columbia's residential development will be finished.

Columbia Today

Education

Columbia has 14 elementary, five middle and eight high schools, Howard Community College and several graduate degree programs, and two Public Library branches.

Health

Medical care is available in Howard County General Hospital, affiliated with Baltimore's famous Johns Hopkins. The Columbia Medical Plan is the city's largest health maintenance organization.

Shopping

The Columbia Mall is a large regional mall with five anchors and over 200 stores. There are three other major shopping centers. There are also nine village shopping centers.

Work

Jim Rouse conceived of a city, not a suburban bedroom community, and Columbia is today an Edge City in the terminology of Joel Garreau. There are 15 office, industrial and research parks in Columbia; most are at the eastern and southern edges, but a number of office and residential high-rise buildings are located in Town Center.

Play

Merriweather Post Pavilion, a well-known outdoor concert venue, attracts top performers. Recreation has always been an important part of the Columbia concept. The homeowners association, the Columbia Association, popularly known as "CA," builds, operates and maintains most of these facilities. CA operates 23 outdoor swimming pools, six indoor pools, two water slides, ice and roller skating rinks, an equestrian center, a sports park with miniature golf, batting cages, picnic pavilions, clubhouse and playground, three athletic clubs, numerous indoor and outdoor tennis, basketball, volleyball, squash and racquetball courts, running tracks, and much more. There are three lakes surrounded by parkland for sailing, fishing, and boating; 80 miles of paths for jogging, strolling and biking; and 148 tot lots and play areas. Nine large village community centers, 15 neighborhood centers and four senior centers provide ample space for a large variety of community activities. There are a variety of fairs and celebrations throughout the year, free entertainment on the lakefront of Lake Kittamaqundi during the summer.

Transportation

Columbia's initial plan called for a minibus system connecting the village centers on a distinct right-of-way. This was never constructed, though minibuses were operated by the Columbia Association under the name ColumBus. These were eventually taken over by Howard County. Eight Howard Transit bus routes serve Columbia and connect it with its own "suburban" areas, while several Maryland MTA (Mass Transit Administration) routes provide easy access to and from both Washington and Baltimore.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 71.6 km² (27.7 mi²). 71.4 km² (27.6 mi²) of it is land and 0.3 km² (0.1 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 0.36% water.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there are 88,254 people, 34,199 households, and 23,118 families residing in the town. The population density is 1,236.4/km² (3,202.0/mi²). There are 35,281 housing units at an average density of 494.3/km² (1,280.0/mi²). The racial makeup of the town is 66.52% White, 21.47% African American, 0.26% Native American, 7.30% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 1.63% from other races, and 2.76% from two or more races. 4.12% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There are 34,199 households out of which 35.9% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.4% are married couples living together, 11.2% have a female householder with no husband present, and 32.4% are non-families. 25.6% of all households are made up of individuals and 5.1% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.54 and the average family size is 3.09.

In the town the population is spread out with 26.3% under the age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 34.1% from 25 to 44, 25.5% from 45 to 64, and 7.5% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 36 years. For every 100 females there are 93.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 88.7 males.

The median income for a household in the town is $71,524, and the median income for a family is $83,753. Males have a median income of $60,498 versus $41,501 for females. The per capita income for the town is $32,833. 5.4% of the population and 3.4% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 5.7% are under the age of 18 and 11.0% are 65 or older.

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Columbia, Mississippi

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Columbia is a city located in Marion County, Mississippi. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 6,603. It is the county seat of Marion County6.

Geography


Columbia is located at 31°15'24" North, 89°49'44" West (31.256781, -89.828779)1. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 16.5 km² (6.4 mi²). 16.5 km² (6.4 mi²) of it is land and none of it is covered by water.

Demographics


As of the census of 2000, there are 6,603 people, 2,497 households, and 1,620 families residing in the city. The population density is 399.0/km² (1,033.5/mi²). There are 2,821 housing units at an average density of 170.5/km² (441.6/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 62.56% White, 35.64% African American, 0.39% Native American, 0.44% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 0.18% from other races, and 0.79% from two or more races. 0.77% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 2,497 households out of which 29.5% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.5% are married couples living together, 19.7% have a female householder with no husband present, and 35.1% are non-families. 32.4% of all households are made up of individuals and 18.1% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.38 and the average family size is 3.01. In the city the population is spread out with 23.9% under the age of 18, 10.0% from 18 to 24, 26.0% from 25 to 44, 19.3% from 45 to 64, and 20.8% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 38 years. For every 100 females there are 88.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 83.7 males. The median income for a household in the city is $19,644, and the median income for a family is $28,493. Males have a median income of $28,173 versus $17,847 for females. The per capita income for the city is $12,592. 29.7% of the population and 24.5% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 41.0% are under the age of 18 and 24.3% are 65 or older.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Columbia, Mississippi."

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Columbia, Missouri

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Columbia is a city located in Boone County, Missouri. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 84,531 (79,082 in 1999). It has the reputation of combining the quality and culture of larger metropolitan areas with the warm hospitality of the Midwest. The University of Missouri, Columbia, the flagship campus for the University of Missouri System, is located in Columbia. The city is also home to Stephens College, a traditionally-female college, and Columbia College, which led in the past to Columbia being known by the nickname "College Town USA". It is the county seat of Boone County6.

The city is home to:

Geography

Columbia is located at 38°56'54" North, 92°20'2" West (38.948351, -92.333779)1.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 138.1 km² (53.3 mi²). 137.5 km² (53.1 mi²) of it is land and 0.7 km² (0.3 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 0.51% water.

Demographics

As of the census2 of 2000, there are 84,531 people, 33,689 households, and 17,282 families residing in the city. The population density is 615.0/km² (1,592.8/mi²). There are 35,916 housing units at an average density of 261.3/km² (676.8/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 81.54% White, 10.85% African American, 0.39% Native American, 4.30% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.81% from other races, and 2.07% from two or more races. 2.05% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There are 33,689 households out of which 26.1% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.2% are married couples living together, 10.3% have a female householder with no husband present, and 48.7% are non-families. 33.1% of all households are made up of individuals and 6.5% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.26 and the average family size is 2.92.

In the city the population is spread out with 19.7% under the age of 18, 26.7% from 18 to 24, 28.7% from 25 to 44, 16.2% from 45 to 64, and 8.6% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 27 years. For every 100 females there are 91.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 89.1 males.

The median income for a household in the city is $33,729, and the median income for a family is $52,288. Males have a median income of $34,710 versus $26,694 for females. The per capita income for the city is $19,507. 19.2% of the population and 9.4% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 14.8% are under the age of 18 and 5.2% are 65 or older.

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Columbia, New Hampshire

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Columbia is a town located in Coos County, New Hampshire. As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 750.

Geography


According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 157.7 km² (60.9 mi²). 157.5 km² (60.8 mi²) of it is land and 0.2 km² (0.1 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 0.10% water.

Demographics


As of the census of 2000, there are 750 people, 300 households, and 218 families residing in the town. The population density is 4.8/km² (12.3/mi²). There are 449 housing units at an average density of 2.8/km² (7.4/mi²). The racial makeup of the town is 97.60% White, 0.13% African American, 0.27% Native American, 0.27% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 0.00% from other races, and 1.73% from two or more races. 0.67% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 300 households out of which 31.7% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.0% are married couples living together, 7.7% have a female householder with no husband present, and 27.3% are non-families. 21.3% of all households are made up of individuals and 8.0% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.49 and the average family size is 2.82. In the town the population is spread out with 24.8% under the age of 18, 4.4% from 18 to 24, 26.5% from 25 to 44, 29.1% from 45 to 64, and 15.2% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 42 years. For every 100 females there are 113.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 101.4 males. The median income for a household in the town is $36,964, and the median income for a family is $42,143. Males have a median income of $27,604 versus $19,732 for females. The per capita income for the town is $16,859. 7.3% of the population and 4.0% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 6.8% are under the age of 18 and 10.1% are 65 or older.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Columbia, New Hampshire."

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Columbia, New York

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Columbia is a town located in Herkimer County, New York. As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 1,630.

Geography


According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 90.7 km² (35.0 mi²). 90.6 km² (35.0 mi²) of it is land and 0.1 km² (0.04 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 0.06% water.

Demographics


As of the census of 2000, there are 1,630 people, 581 households, and 457 families residing in the town. The population density is 18.0/km² (46.6/mi²). There are 631 housing units at an average density of 7.0/km² (18.0/mi²). The racial makeup of the town is 98.53% White, 0.06% African American, 0.49% Native American, 0.12% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 0.00% from other races, and 0.74% from two or more races. 0.37% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 581 households out of which 39.2% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.7% are married couples living together, 7.7% have a female householder with no husband present, and 21.3% are non-families. 17.7% of all households are made up of individuals and 7.6% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.81 and the average family size is 3.12. In the town the population is spread out with 28.1% under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 29.9% from 25 to 44, 23.5% from 45 to 64, and 10.6% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 36 years. For every 100 females there are 110.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 104.5 males. The median income for a household in the town is $36,758, and the median income for a family is $43,864. Males have a median income of $30,605 versus $22,031 for females. The per capita income for the town is $15,591. 14.5% of the population and 10.9% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 23.1% are under the age of 18 and 12.4% are 65 or older.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Columbia, New York."

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Columbia, North Carolina

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Columbia is a town located in Tyrrell County, North Carolina. As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 819. It is the county seat of Tyrrell County6.

Geography

Columbia is located at 35°55'4" North, 76°14'59" West (35.917902, -76.249688)1.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.2 km² (0.5 mi²). 1.2 km² (0.5 mi²) of it is land and none of the area is covered with water.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there are 819 people, 341 households, and 221 families residing in the town. The population density is 672.8/km² (1,756.7/mi²). There are 411 housing units at an average density of 337.6/km² (881.6/mi²). The racial makeup of the town is 39.19% White, 52.26% African American, 0.12% Native American, 1.47% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 5.13% from other races, and 1.83% from two or more races. 7.33% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There are 341 households out of which 26.4% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 30.8% are married couples living together, 28.7% have a female householder with no husband present, and 34.9% are non-families. 31.4% of all households are made up of individuals and 17.9% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.37 and the average family size is 2.93.

In the town the population is spread out with 26.6% under the age of 18, 9.4% from 18 to 24, 23.9% from 25 to 44, 20.5% from 45 to 64, and 19.5% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 39 years. For every 100 females there are 85.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 73.2 males.

The median income for a household in the town is $20,588, and the median income for a family is $21,563. Males have a median income of $19,821 versus $17,361 for females. The per capita income for the town is $12,216. 33.7% of the population and 27.9% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 53.6% are under the age of 18 and 13.5% are 65 or older.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Columbia, North Carolina."

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Columbia, Pennsylvania

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Columbia is a borough located in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. As of the 2000 census, the borough had a total population of 10,311.

General Information


*Zip code: 17512
*Area code: 717

Geography


Columbia is located immediately east of the Susquehanna River. It is just south of U.S. Route 30. According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough has a total area of 6.9 km² (2.7 mi²). 6.3 km² (2.4 mi²) of it is land and 0.6 km² (0.2 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 8.61% water.

Demographics


As of the census of 2000, there are 10,311 people, 4,287 households, and 2,589 families residing in the borough. The population density is 1,631.6/km² (4,227.8/mi²). There are 4,595 housing units at an average density of 727.1/km² (1,884.1/mi²). The racial makeup of the borough is 91.34% White, 4.42% African American, 0.18% Native American, 0.41% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 1.70% from other races, and 1.90% from two or more races. 4.49% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 4,287 households out of which 28.3% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.5% are married couples living together, 13.2% have a female householder with no husband present, and 39.6% are non-families. 33.7% of all households are made up of individuals and 16.6% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.35 and the average family size is 3.01. In the borough the population is spread out with 24.3% under the age of 18, 8.7% from 18 to 24, 29.2% from 25 to 44, 20.5% from 45 to 64, and 17.2% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 37 years. For every 100 females there are 89.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 85.5 males. The median income for a household in the borough is $32,385, and the median income for a family is $42,309. Males have a median income of $32,528 versus $22,748 for females. The per capita income for the borough is $16,626. 11.3% of the population and 7.5% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 18.3% are under the age of 18 and 10.6% are 65 or older.

Services


*Columbia Hospital

Museums and Historic Sites


*First National Bank Museum
*Watch and Clock Museum of the NAWCC
*Wright's Ferry Mansion

Attractions


*Susquehanna Heritage Information Center

Lodging


*Belsnickel Bed and Breakfast
*Columbian Bed and Breakfast

Shopping


*Girl's Clothing Outlet
*Susquehanna Glass Factory Store

Local Businesses


*Baker Manufacturing Company

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Columbia, Pennsylvania."

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Columbia, South Carolina

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Columbia is the capital of South Carolina, a state of the United States of America. As of the 2000 census, it has a population of 116,278. It is the county seat of Richland County. The estimated population for the then two-county metro area was 516,251 in 1999. In June of 2003 the United States Census Bureau added four more counties to the standard metropolitan statistical area, making the 'official' population figures more reflective of the actual makeup of the region and bringing the estimated total to 664,229 residents (Richland, Lexington, Kershaw, Fairfield, Calhoun, and Saluda counties) as of July 2002.

Columbia is home to the main campus of the University of South Carolina. Fort Jackson is the largest United States Army Initial Entry (basic) training base and is located east of the city.

Columbia is the home of the Capital City Bombers minor league baseball team and the Columbia Inferno of the East Coast Hockey League.

On February 17, 1865 during the American Civil War, Columbia was burned and largely destroyed by Union troops under the command of General William Tecumseh Sherman though the handful of Confederate forces defending the city had already surrendered.

Columbia is served by Columbia Metropolitan Airport.

Attractions

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 330.8 km² (127.7 mi²). 324.3 km² (125.2 mi²) of it is land and 6.4 km² (2.5 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 1.95% water.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there are 116,278 people, 42,245 households, and 22,136 families residing in the city. The population density is 358.5/km² (928.6/mi²). There are 46,142 housing units at an average density of 142.3/km² (368.5/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 49.22% White, 45.98% African American, 0.25% Native American, 1.73% Asian, 0.09% Pacific Islander, 1.36% from other races, and 1.36% from two or more races. 3.03% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There are 42,245 households out of which 25.4% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 31.5% are married couples living together, 17.6% have a female householder with no husband present, and 47.6% are non-families. 37.0% of all households are made up of individuals and 9.8% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.21 and the average family size is 2.97.

In the city the population is spread out with 20.1% under the age of 18, 22.9% from 18 to 24, 30.1% from 25 to 44, 16.6% from 45 to 64, and 10.3% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 29 years. For every 100 females there are 96.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 93.4 males.

The median income for a household in the city is $31,141, and the median income for a family is $39,589. Males have a median income of $30,925 versus $24,679 for females. The per capita income for the city is $18,853. 22.1% of the population and 17.0% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 29.7% are under the age of 18 and 16.9% are 65 or older.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Columbia, South Carolina."

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Columbia, South Dakota

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Columbia is a city located in Brown County, South Dakota. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 140.

Geography


Columbia is located at 45°36'41" North, 98°18'43" West (45.611364, -98.311929)1. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.1 km² (1.6 mi²). 4.1 km² (1.6 mi²) of it is land and none of the area is covered with water.

Demographics


As of the census of 2000, there are 140 people, 65 households, and 39 families residing in the city. The population density is 34.2/km² (88.8/mi²). There are 76 housing units at an average density of 18.6/km² (48.2/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 98.57% White, 0.00% African American, 1.43% Native American, 0.00% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 0.00% from other races, and 0.00% from two or more races. 0.00% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 65 households out of which 26.2% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.8% are married couples living together, 7.7% have a female householder with no husband present, and 38.5% are non-families. 36.9% of all households are made up of individuals and 16.9% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.15 and the average family size is 2.80. In the city the population is spread out with 22.1% under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 27.1% from 25 to 44, 25.0% from 45 to 64, and 17.9% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 41 years. For every 100 females there are 91.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 91.2 males. The median income for a household in the city is $23,125, and the median income for a family is $27,813. Males have a median income of $30,000 versus $21,000 for females. The per capita income for the city is $17,967. 13.1% of the population and 10.6% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 13.8% are under the age of 18 and 5.9% are 65 or older.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Columbia, South Dakota."

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Columbia, Tennessee

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Columbia is a city located in Maury County, Tennessee. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 33,055. It is the county seat of Maury County6.

Geography


Columbia is located at 35°36'54" North, 87°2'40" West (35.615022, -87.044464)1. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 76.7 km² (29.6 mi²). 76.7 km² (29.6 mi²) of it is land and 0.03% is water.

Demographics


As of the census of 2000, there are 33,055 people, 13,059 households, and 8,801 families residing in the city. The population density is 431.2/km² (1,116.8/mi²). There are 14,322 housing units at an average density of 186.8/km² (483.9/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 74.63% White, 21.13% African American, 0.28% Native American, 0.41% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 2.06% from other races, and 1.46% from two or more races. 4.70% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 13,059 households out of which 32.4% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.8% are married couples living together, 16.3% have a female householder with no husband present, and 32.6% are non-families. 27.8% of all households are made up of individuals and 10.8% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.46 and the average family size is 2.98. In the city the population is spread out with 25.8% under the age of 18, 9.8% from 18 to 24, 28.6% from 25 to 44, 21.0% from 45 to 64, and 14.9% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 36 years. For every 100 females there are 89.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 84.1 males. The median income for a household in the city is $35,879, and the median income for a family is $42,822. Males have a median income of $34,898 versus $22,093 for females. The per capita income for the city is $18,004. 13.9% of the population and 10.9% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 19.7% are under the age of 18 and 13.2% are 65 or older.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Columbia, Tennessee."

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Columbia, Virginia

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Columbia is a town located in Fluvanna County, Virginia. As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 49.

Geography


Columbia is located at 37°45'8" North, 78°9'44" West (37.752206, -78.162291)1. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.5 km² (0.2 mi²). 0.5 km² (0.2 mi²) of it is land and 4.76% is water.

Demographics


As of the census of 2000, there are 49 people, 18 households, and 12 families residing in the town. The population density is 94.6/km² (246.1/mi²). There are 22 housing units at an average density of 42.5/km² (110.5/mi²). The racial makeup of the town is 63.27% White, 28.57% African American, 0.00% Native American, 0.00% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 0.00% from other races, and 8.16% from two or more races. 4.08% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 18 households out of which 27.8% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.7% are married couples living together, 5.6% have a female householder with no husband present, and 27.8% are non-families. 16.7% of all households are made up of individuals and 11.1% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.72 and the average family size is 3.23. In the town the population is spread out with 22.4% under the age of 18, 6.1% from 18 to 24, 20.4% from 25 to 44, 44.9% from 45 to 64, and 6.1% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 48 years. For every 100 females there are 69.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 72.7 males. The median income for a household in the town is $46,250, and the median income for a family is $50,000. Males have a median income of $18,750 versus $18,125 for females. The per capita income for the town is $13,632. 0.0% of the population and 0.0% of families are below the poverty line.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Columbia, Virginia."

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Sony

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Sony (In katakana: ソニー ; In Kanji: 新力 this writing has the meaning of new power) is a consumer electronics corporation based in Tokyo, Japan. It was founded on May 7, 1946 as the Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering with about 20 employees. Their first consumer product, in the late 1940s, was a rice boiler. As it grew into a major international corporation, Sony acquired other companies with longer histories, including Columbia Records (the oldest continuously produced brand name in recorded sound, dating back to 1888).

The name was coined by founder Akio Morita to convey "sound" and "sonny" for youth and energy.

In 1988, Sony acquired CBS (Columbia) Records Group from CBS. It was renamed "Sony Music Entertainment".

In 2000, Sony had sales of US $63 billion and 189,700 employees. Sony acquired Aiwa corporation in 2002.

Notable products

Film production & theaters

Related articles

External links

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Space Shuttle Columbia

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Shuttle Orbiter Columbia (NASA Designation: OV-102) was the oldest space shuttle in NASA's fleet, first flying mission STS-1 from April 12 to April 14, 1981. It was lost with all crew when it disintegrated during re-entry on its 28th mission, STS-107, which lasted from January 16 to February 1, 2003.

History

After being constructed, the orbiter arrived at John F. Kennedy Space Center on March 25, 1979 to be prepared for its first launch. However, before its first mission three workers were killed and five injured during a ground test of the orbiter on March 19, 1981.

The first flight of Columbia was commanded by John Young (a space veteran from the Gemini and Apollo eras) and piloted by Robert Crippen a rookie who had never been in space before, but who served as support crew for the Skylab missions and Apollo-Soyuz.

In 1983 Columbia launched the first mission (STS-9) with 6 astronauts, including the first non-American astronaut on a space shuttle, Ulf Merbold. On January 12, 1986 Columbia took off with the first Hispanic-American astronaut, Dr. Franklin R. Chang-Diaz. Another first was announced on March 5, 1998 when NASA named their choice of United States Air Force Lt. Col. Eileen Collins as commander of a future Columbia mission making Collins the first woman commander of a space shuttle mission.

Final Mission

On its final mission the craft was carrying the first Israeli astronaut, Ilan Ramon and the first woman astronaut of Indian birth, Kalpana Chawla. Other crew members on the final flight included Rick Husband (commander), Willie McCool (pilot), Michael P. Anderson, Laurel Clark, and David M. Brown.

On the morning of February 1, 2003, the shuttle re-entered the atmosphere after a 16-day scientific mission. NASA lost radio contact at about 9 a.m. EST, only minutes before the expected 09:16 landing at Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Video recordings show the craft breaking up in flames over Texas, at an altitude of approximately 39 miles (63 km) and a speed of 12,500 mph (20,000 km/h). (See Space Shuttle Columbia disaster).

Cultural Reaction

A 1999 anime series, Cowboy Bebop, included an episode with an accurate, animated depiction of Space Shuttle Columbia. When Columbia was lost, Cartoon Network removed the episode from the air for a few weeks, as a mark of respect.


Shuttle Columbia makes its 18th landing. November 5, 1995 (NASA)

Missions

DateDesignation
1981 April 12STS-1
1981 November 12STS-2
1982 March 22STS-3
1982 June 27STS-4
1982 November 11STS-5
1983 November 28STS-9
1986 January 12STS-61-C
1989 August 8STS-28
1990 January 9STS-32
1990 December 2STS-35
1991 June 5STS-40
1992 June 25STS-50
1992 October 22STS-52
1993 April 26STS-55
1993 October 18STS-58
1994 March 4STS-62
1994 July 8STS-65
1995 October 20STS-73
1996 February 22STS-75
1996 June 20STS-78
1996 November 19STS-80
1997 April 4STS-83
1997 July 1STS-94
1997 November 19STS-87
1998 April 13STS-90
1999 July 23STS-93
2002 March 1STS-109
2003 January 16STS-107

  28 total flights

Related articles

External links

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West Columbia, Texas

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

West Columbia is a city located in Brazoria County, Texas. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 4,255. The first Congress of the Republic of Texas was convened there in October 1836 (it was then named simply Columbia).

Geography


West Columbia is located at 29°8'29" North, 95°38'49" West (29.141513, -95.647016)1. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 6.6 km² (2.6 mi²). 6.6 km² (2.6 mi²) of it is land and none of the area is covered with water.

Demographics


As of the census of 2000, there are 4,255 people, 1,607 households, and 1,099 families residing in the city. The population density is 641.7/km² (1,661.9/mi²). There are 1,755 housing units at an average density of 264.7/km² (685.5/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 70.15% White, 19.51% African American, 0.40% Native American, 0.38% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 7.83% from other races, and 1.72% from two or more races. 18.05% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 1,607 households out of which 35.5% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.0% are married couples living together, 14.0% have a female householder with no husband present, and 31.6% are non-families. 27.6% of all households are made up of individuals and 13.3% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.60 and the average family size is 3.19. In the city the population is spread out with 28.8% under the age of 18, 9.0% from 18 to 24, 27.3% from 25 to 44, 21.8% from 45 to 64, and 13.1% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 35 years. For every 100 females there are 88.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 85.0 males. The median income for a household in the city is $31,115, and the median income for a family is $38,090. Males have a median income of $37,981 versus $19,775 for females. The per capita income for the city is $15,647. 20.0% of the population and 14.0% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 24.5% are under the age of 18 and 14.3% are 65 or older.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "West Columbia, Texas."

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Synonym: Columbia

Synonym: capital of South Carolina (n). (additional references)

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Crosswords: Columbia

English words defined with "Columbia": Abronia latifolia, Abronia umbellata, Alaskan brown bear, Allium acuminatum, American capital ♦ beach sand verbena, Blueback ♦ Calochortus macrocarpus, capital of the United States, cardinal tetra, cascade penstemon, chinook, Chouicha, Clark, clustered lady's slipper, Collinsia parviflora, Cypripedium fasciculatum ♦ Davidson's penstemon ♦ eastern fence lizard, Engelmann spruce, Engelmann's spruce ♦ footsteps-of-spring ♦ Gold amalgam, gray ♦ Haida, Hooker's onion ♦ Kennewick, Kodiak, Kodiak bear ♦ Lewis, Lithophragma parviflorum, long-head coneflower ♦ maiden blue-eyed Mary, Meriwether Lewis, Mosan ♦ Nanaimo ♦ Panama redwood, Panama redwood tree, Paracheirodon axelrodi, Penstemon davidsonii, Penstemon serrulatus, Picea engelmannii, pine lizard, pink sand verbena, Platymiscium pinnatum, prairie coneflower, prairie star, purple sanicle ♦ Ratibida columnifera, Red fir, Robert Gray, Rockies, Rocky Mountains ♦ sagebrush mariposa tulip, Sahaptin, Sahaptino, Sanicula arctopoides, Sanicula bipinnatifida, Sceloporus undulatus, Shahaptian, snake, Snake River, Suksdorfia violaceae ♦ Tsimshian ♦ Ursus arctos middendorffi, Ursus middendorffi ♦ Vancouver, Vancouver Island, Victoria, violet suksdorfia ♦ Wakashan, Wakashan language, Washington, Willamette, Willamette River, William Clark ♦ yellow sand verbena. (references)
Specialty definitions using "Columbia": AASHTO, administrator durante absentia, administrator pendente absentia, AppleTalk Filing Protocol, apportionment calculation ♦ beasters, Block Definition Project ♦ Cairns Group, census division, census region, Civilian noninstitutional population, College Colours, Columbia AppleTalk Package, Cordilleran ice sheet, County and equivalent entity ♦ Datastorm Technologies, Inc., DOUGLAS - PEUCKER ♦ Federal home heating and cooling assistance program, Food Stamp Program ♦ Gunpowder ♦ independent place ♦ Kermit, Klerer-May System ♦ legal entity, LL ♦ MELDC, Mid-Atlantic Region, minor civil division ♦ NARUC, NASUCA, new town ♦ Population coverage ♦ Real Time Streaming Protocol, Region -- South, Regions, Geographic, Resident population ♦ snacc, State and equivalent entity ♦ Tuya ♦ Washington of Columbia. (references)
Etymologies containing "Columbia": Columbium. (references)
Non-English Usage: "Columbia" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses.

German (Columbia), Spanish (Columbia).

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Modern Usage: Columbia

DomainUsage

Screenplays

He will be in cahoots with the Columbia Record and Tape Company guy who's been after my ass for years (Reality Bites; writing credit: Ben Stiller, written by Helen Childress.)

You wrote the last picture I didat Columbia (In a Lonely Place; writing credit: Dorothy B. Hughes; Edmund H. North)

A professor from Columbia University should not be corresponding with a crazy German book keeper (The Time Machine; writing credit: H.G. Wells; David Duncan)

I'm sure everyone here is fascinated to hear more pop psychiatry from number fifty-four in his class at Columbia Med. (Northern Exposure; writing credit: Khadijah Hashim)

Come and see Herbie Stempel get thrown to the Columbia lions (Quiz Show; writing credit: Paul Attanasio)

Movie/TV Titles

The Columbia Revolt (1968)

Better Housing for British Columbia (1967)

Columbia Laff Hour (1956)

Junior Columbia Color Rhapsody No. 4504: King Midas (1942)

Hail Columbia (1935)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Commercial Usage: Columbia

DomainTitle

References

  • British Columbia Railway Company: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (reference)

  • Columbia Bancorp: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (reference)

  • Columbia Laboratories Inc: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (reference)

  • Columbia Sportswear Company: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (reference)

    (more reference examples)

  

Books

  • Workshop on Rebuilding Abalone Stocks in British Columbia (reference)

  • Findlay Toothpick Holders: Bellaire Goblet Co., Columbia Glass Co., Dalzell, Gilmore & Leighton Glass Co., Findlay Flint Glass Co., Model Flint G (reference)

  • Greater Augusta, Ga: Includes All of Columbia and Richmond Counties: Martinez, Fort Gordon, Hephzibah, and Blythe: Full Color Street Atlas (reference)

  • Best Places Northwest: The Best Restaurants and Lodgings in Washington, Oregon, and British Columbia (Best Places Northwest, 14th Ed) (reference)

  • Columbia Encyclopedia (reference)

    (more book examples)

  

Periodicals

  • District Of Columbia Citation Service (reference)

  • Accommodation Super Natural British Columbia (reference)

  • British Columbia Gazette - Part 2 (reference)

  • Bells Alaska Yukon British Columbia Travel Guide (reference)

  • Wedding Bells - British Columbia Ed (reference)

    (more periodical examples)

  

Theater & Movies

  • Wonders of the Deep:Emerald Sea/British Columbia Shipwrecks (reference)

  • British Columbia (reference)

  • Fly Fishing Video Magazine Vol.27 British Columbia Steelhead/Trout (reference)

  • On The Backroads of British Columbia Wine Country (reference)

  • Hail Columbia (IMAX) (reference)

    (more DVD examples; more video examples)

  

Music

  

High Tech

  

Consumer Goods

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Image Slideshow: Columbia

Photos:
Columbia

More pictures...

Illustrations:
Columbia

More pictures...

Computer Images:
Columbia

More pictures...

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Photo Album: Columbia

ThumbnailDescription & CreditThumbnailDescription & Credit

Endeavour on Runway with Columbia on SCA Overhead. Credit: NASA.

Public Viewing Area for STS-4 Columbia Landing. Credit: NASA.

Columbia III - A. Credit: NASA.

Observing with Wild T-2 near Columbia Glacier. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection.

On the Columbia Highway at Mitchell Point, Oregon - White 3/4 ton truck Astro Party of C. V. Hodges. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection.

"The Columbia River". A steamboat on The Rapids below the Cascade Locks. In: "Puget Sound and Western Washington Cities-Towns Scenery", by Robert A. Reid, Robert A. Reid Publisher, Seattle, 1912. P. 192. Credit: America's Coastlines.

Approaching the Revillagigedo Channel from British Columbia on the RAINIER. Credit: America's Coastlines.

The Inside Passage in British Columbia. Credit: Paths Less Taken - NOAA at the Ends of the Earth.

A salmon gillnetter at Astoria on the Columbia River. Credit: Fisheries.

Salmon gillnetters at Astoria on the Columbia River. Credit: Fisheries.

Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.

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Digital Photo Gallery: Columbia
 

"Columbia university" by Judy Lin
Commentary: "Columbia university in new york."		"Columbia restaraunt" by Brendan Paxton
Commentary: "From the top of the columbia (the pier)."

Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers.

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Historic Usage: Columbia

AuthorDateQuotation

Marbury v. Madison

1803

At the last term on the affidavits then read and filed with the clerk, a rule was granted in this case, requiring the Secretary of State [note: i.e., James Madison] to show cause why a mandamus should not issue, directing him to deliver to William Marbury his commission as a justice of the peace for the county of Washington, in the district of Columbia. (reference)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Non-Fiction Usage: Columbia

SubjectTopicQuote

Health

National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University (CASA). (references)

In North America, plague is found from the Pacific Coast eastward to the western Great Plains and from British Columbia and Alberta, Canada southward to Mexico. (references)

Some synonyms for Rocky Mountain spotted fever in other countries include tick typhus, Tobia fever (Columbia), São Paulo fever and fiebre maculosa (Brazil), and fiebre manchada (Mexico). (references)

Business

Nippon Columbia is developing an electronic music distribution system with Sega and Hitachi. (references)

More than 70 percent of the market for commercial cooking apparatus is located in the provinces of Ontario, Quebec, and British Columbia. (references)

In the United States, leasing to total capital investment accounts for 31%; in Columbia - 32%, in Japan - only 10%, in Great Britain - 24%, in South Korea - 26%, and Malaysia - 3.5%. Based on current trends, DeltaLeasing estimates that the Russian leasing will account for between 10% to 12% of national capital investment. (references)

Economic History

Iceland

Nordural Aluminum is a wholly owned $180 million investment by Columbia Ventures of Washington State. (references)

Canada

As Canada's Province on the Pacific Rim, British Columbia continues to be the country's gateway to Asia. (references)

Canada

The majority of firms operating in this sector are located in Ontario and Quebec, with another concentration in southern British Columbia. (references)

Human Rights

Panama

During the year, Revolutionary Armed Forces of Columbia (FARC) guerrillas and possibly other Colombian armed groups reportedly kidnaped persons in the Darien region along the border with Colombia. (references)

Indigenous People

Canada

In 2000 the Federal and British Columbia governments concluded a treaty with the Nisga'a people who live in northwestern British Columbia. (references)

Canada

The treaty was ratified by the Nisga'a people in 1998 and by the provincial legislature in 1999. It was debated and passed by Parliament in 1999. Although the British Columbia legislature ratified the treaty, two groups expressed their intention to challenge the treaty in court. (references)

Political Economy

CANADA

The car insurance industry is a publicly-owned monopoly in Quebec, British Columbia, Manitoba and Saskatchewan. (references)

Canada

Provincial or Territorial elections were held in British Columbia in May 2001, which resulted in victory for the Liberal Party; in Alberta in March 2001 (Progressive Conservatives won); in Quebec in November 1998 (Parti Quebecois); in Newfoundland and Labrador (Liberals) and in Nunavut in February 1999; in Ontario (Progressive Conservatives) and in New Brunswick (Progressive Conservatives) in June 1999; in Nova Scotia in July 1999 (Progressive Conservatives); in Saskatchewan (New Democratic Party) and in Manitoba (New Democratic Party) in September 1999; in Northwest Territories in December 1999; and in Prince Edward Island (Progressive Conservatives) and in Yukon (Liberals) in April 2000. (references)

Trade

Barbados

Tariffs on goods accounting for another 4 percent of exports to Columbia are gradually being eliminated. (references)

Travel

Belgium

Provided that their stay does not exceed three months, nationals of the following countries do not require a visa: Western Europe, East European countries, North America, Central and Latin America (with the exception of Columbia, Bolivia, Peru, Guinea, Surinam and Guinea-Bissau), Japan, Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, Republic of Korea, Hong Kong, Brunei and a number of African countries except for Burkina Faso, Niger, Togo, and Ivory Coast. (references)

Worker Rights

Switzerland

A large number of women were trafficked from the Dominican Republic, Brazil, and Columbia (to Zurich and Ticino), and parts of Africa and Thailand (to Bern and Basel). (references)

Canada

On August 16, the British Columbia provincial assembly passed a bill making education an essential service and limiting the ability of teachers and school workers to strike. (references)

Lexicography

Devil's Dictionary

GUNPOWDER, n. An agency employed by civilized nations for the settlement of disputes which might become troublesome if left unadjusted. By most writers the invention of gunpowder is ascribed to the Chinese, but not upon very convincing evidence. Milton says it was invented by the devil to dispel angels with, and this opinion seems to derive some support from the scarcity of angels. Moreover, it has the hearty concurrence of the Hon. James Wilson, Secretary of Agriculture. Secretary Wilson became interested in gunpowder through an event that occurred on the Government experimental farm in the District of Columbia. One day, several years ago, a rogue imperfectly reverent of the Secretary's profound attainments and personal character presented him with a sack of gunpowder, representing it as the sed of the Flashawful flabbergastor, a Patagonian cereal of great commercial value, admirably adapted to this climate. The good Secretary was instructed to spill it along in a furrow and afterward inhume it with soil. This he at once proceeded to do, and had made a continuous line of it all the way across a ten-acre field, when he was made to look backward by a shout from the generous donor, who at once dropped a lighted match into the furrow at the starting-point. Contact with the earth had somewhat dampened the powder, but the startled functionary saw himself pursued by a tall moving pillar of fire and smoke and fierce evolution. He stood for a moment paralyzed and speechless, then he recollected an engagement and, dropping all, absented himself thence with such surprising celerity that to the eyes of spectators along the route selected he appeared like a long, dim streak prolonging itself with inconceivable rapidity through seven villages, and audibly refusing to be comforted. "Great Scott! what is that?" cried a surveyor's chainman, shading his eyes and gazing at the fading line of agriculturist which bisected his visible horizon. "That," said the surveyor, carelessly glancing at the phenomenon and again centering his attention upon his instrument, "is the Meridian of Washington." H

Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

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Spoken Usage: Columbia

SpeakerPhrase(s)

Rush Limbaugh

To call for the brilliance and bravery that is the space program to be shut down or curtailed because of Challenger and Columbia is to dishonor all of those who have gone into the program.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Speeches: Columbia

SpeakerTermPhrase(s)

James Madison

1809-1817The present is a favorable season also for bringing again into view the establishment of a national seminary of learning within the District of Columbia, and with means drawn from the property therein, subject to the authority of the General Government.

James Monroe

1817-1825We have ministers plenipotentiary residing with the Republics of Colombia and Chile, and have received ministers of the same rank from Columbia, Guatemala, Buenos Ayres, and Mexico.

Andrew Jackson

1829-1837Your attention is respectfully invited to the situation of the District of Columbia.

Harry S. Truman

1945-1953Through the use of the waters of the Columbia River, for example, we are creating a rich agricultural area as large as the State of Delaware.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Usage Frequency: Columbia

"Columbia" is generally used as a noun (proper) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Columbia" is used about 437 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)
Parts of SpeechPercentUsage per
100 Million Words		Rank in English
Noun (proper)100%43713,188

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Name Usage Frequency: Columbia

The following table summarizes the usage of "Columbia" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified.
NameUsage/GenderUsage per 100
million Persons		Rank in USA
ColumbiaLast name40019,752
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Usage in Company Names: Columbia

CountryNameCountryName
Canada

British Columbia Hydro & Power Authority

Japan

Nippon Columbia Co Ltd

USA

Columbia Bancorp

 (more examples...)  

Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.

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Cities: Columbia


1. Columbia, AL (town, FIPS 16744)
Location: 31.29723 N, 85.10907 W
Population (1990): 922 (444 housing units)
Area: 10.1 sq km (land), 0.2 sq km (water)
Zip Code(s): 36319
Country: USA

2. Columbia, CA (CDP, FIPS 14904)
Location: 38.02674 N, 120.40180 W
Population (1990): 1799 (886 housing units)
Area: 10.5 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water)
Zip Code(s): 95310
Country: USA

3. Columbia, CT
Zip Code(s): 06237
Country: USA

4. Columbia, IA
Zip Code(s): 50057
Country: USA

5. Columbia, IL (city, FIPS 15833)
Location: 38.45524 N, 90.22625 W
Population (1990): 5524 (2306 housing units)
Area: 18.2 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water)
Zip Code(s): 62236
Country: USA

6. Columbia, KY (city, FIPS 16750)
Location: 37.09801 N, 85.30812 W
Population (1990): 3845 (1648 housing units)
Area: 8.7 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water)
Country: USA

7. Columbia, LA (town, FIPS 16830)
Location: 32.10145 N, 92.07722 W
Population (1990): 386 (205 housing units)
Area: 2.0 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water)
Country: USA

8. Columbia, MD (CDP, FIPS 19125)
Location: 39.20300 N, 76.85798 W
Population (1990): 75883 (30651 housing units)
Area: 60.1 sq km (land), 0.2 sq km (water)
Zip Code(s): 21044, 21045, 21046
Country: USA

9. Columbia, MO (city, FIPS 15670)
Location: 38.95410 N, 92.32670 W
Population (1990): 69101 (27551 housing units)
Area: 114.8 sq km (land), 0.6 sq km (water)
Zip Code(s): 65201, 65202, 65203
Country: USA

10. Columbia, MS (city, FIPS 15340)
Location: 31.25660 N, 89.82870 W
Population (1990): 6815 (2971 housing units)
Area: 15.2 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water)
Zip Code(s): 39429
Country: USA

11. Columbia, NC (town, FIPS 13940)
Location: 35.91971 N, 76.25121 W
Population (1990): 836 (392 housing units)
Area: 1.2 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water)
Zip Code(s): 27925
Country: USA

12. Columbia, NJ
Zip Code(s): 07832
Country: USA

13. Columbia, PA (borough, FIPS 15384)
Location: 40.03338 N, 76.49505 W
Population (1990): 10701 (4452 housing units)
Area: 6.2 sq km (land), 0.6 sq km (water)
Zip Code(s): 17512
Country: USA

14. Columbia, SC (city, FIPS 16000)
Location: 34.03924 N, 80.88634 W
Population (1990): 98052 (36928 housing units)
Area: 303.4 sq km (land), 4.9 sq km (water)
Zip Code(s): 29201, 29203, 29204, 29205, 29206, 29209, 29210, 29212, 29223
Country: USA

15. Columbia, SD (city, FIPS 13420)
Location: 45.61491 N, 98.31158 W
Population (1990): 133 (72 housing units)
Area: 4.1 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water)
Zip Code(s): 57433
Country: USA

16. Columbia, TN (city, FIPS 16540)
Location: 35.62245 N, 87.04895 W
Population (1990): 28583 (12142 housing units)
Area: 76.2 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water)
Zip Code(s): 38401
Country: USA

17. Columbia, VA (town, FIPS 18624)
Location: 37.75299 N, 78.16509 W
Population (1990): 58 (29 housing units)
Area: 0.5 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water)
Zip Code(s): 23038
Country: USA

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Expression: Columbia

Expressions using "Columbia": British Columbia ♦ Columbia AppleTalk Package ♦ Columbia City ♦ Columbia County ♦ Columbia Cross R ♦ Columbia Falls ♦ Columbia Heights ♦ columbia river ♦ Columbia SK Virus ♦ Columbia Station ♦ Columbia tiger lily ♦ District of Columbia ♦ New Columbia ♦ West Columbia. Additional references.

Hyphenated Usage

Beginning with "Columbia": columbia-based.

Ending with "Columbia": Sony-columbia.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Frequency of Internet Keywords: Columbia

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.
 
ExpressionFrequency
per Day		ExpressionFrequency
per Day

columbia house

10,838

columbia house music club

694

columbia south carolina

4,301

columbia record

624

columbia

4,281

columbia house dvd club

550

british columbia

3,314

university of missouri columbia

550

columbia missouri

2,733

columbia house.com

545

columbia university

2,730

columbia daily tribune

506

columbia river gorge

2,661

vancouver british columbia

503

victoria british columbia

2,413

columbia space shuttle

453

columbia md

1,872

columbia tribune

427

business for sale british columbia

1,373

columbia house canada

420

british columbia vacation

1,287

british columbia government

399

columbia house dvd

1,128

british columbia tourism

352

columbia gorge

1,117

british columbia canada

345

columbia college

979

columbia college chicago

343

university of british columbia

943

columbia picture

343

columbia house music

860

british columbia real estate

340

map of british columbia

845

columbia river

332

columbia sportswear

760

columbia gas

302

district of columbia

760

columbia tennessee

279

columbia shuttle video

696

columbia bank

256
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Modern Translation: Columbia

Language Translations for "Columbia"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.

Chinese 

  

哥伦比亚 (Colombia, Colombian, Columbian), 哥倫比亞 (Colombia). (various references)

   

Danish

  

Columbia-enhed (Columbia unit), Columbia SK-virus (Columbia-SK virus), Douglas-gran (Columbia pine, Douglas fir, Oregon pine, Puget Sound pine), douglasgran (Columbia pine, Douglas fir, Oregon pine, Puget Sound pine). (various references)

   

Dutch

  

douglasspar (Columbia pine, Douglas fir, Oregon pine, Puget Sound pine), Brits-Columbia (British Columbia), Amerikaans dennehout (Columbia pine, Douglas fir, Oregon pine, Puget Sound pine). (various references)

   

Esperanto

  

Brita Kolombio (British Columbia). (various references)

   

Finnish

  

douglaskuusi (Columbia pine, Douglas fir, Oregon pine, Puget Sound pine). (various references)

   

French

  

Colombie-Britannique (British Columbia), virus Columbia SK (Columbia-SK virus), unité Columbia (Columbia unit), Sapin de douglas (Columbia pine), pin d'Oregon (Columbia pine), douglas (Columbia pine). (various references)

   

German

  

Columbia, Kolumbien (Colombia, Colombia (co)). (various references)

   

Greek 

  

ιός Columbia-SK (Columbia-SK virus), μονάδα Columbia (Columbia unit). (various references)

   

Hungarian

  

Kolumbia. (various references)

   

Italian

  

virus Col-Sk (Columbia-SK virus), pino dell'Oregon (Columbia pine, Douglas fir, Oregon pine, Puget Sound pine), douglasia (Columbia pine, Douglas fir, Oregon pine, Puget Sound pine), douglas (Columbia pine, Douglas fir, Oregon pine, Puget Sound pine), abete odoroso (Columbia pine, Douglas fir, Oregon pine, Puget Sound pine), abete di douglas (Columbia pine, Douglas fir, Oregon pine, Puget Sound pine). (various references)

   

Japanese Kanji 

  

コロナ放電 (colon, colonial, colony, Colorado, Colorado Springs, coloratura, corona discharge, turd). (various references)

   

Japanese Katakana 

  

コロンビア . (various references)

   

Korean 

  

컬럼비아. (various references)

   

Manx

  

Yn Cholombey. (various references)

   

Pig Latin

  

olumbiacay.(various references)

   

Portuguese

  

vírus Columbia SK (Columbia-SK virus), unidade Columbia (Columbia unit), douglásia (Columbia pine, Douglas fir, Oregon pine, Puget Sound pine). (various references)

   

Russian 

  

колумбия (colombia). (various references)

   

Serbo-Croatian

  

kolumbija (colombia). (various references)

   

Spanish

  

Columbia. (various references)

   

Swedish

  

douglasgran (Columbia pine, Douglas fir, Oregon pine, Puget Sound pine). (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

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Ancestral Language Translations: Columbia

LanguagePeriodTranslations
Latin500 BCE-Modern

Douglas fir, Pseudotsuga douglasii, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Pseudotsuga taxifolia. (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Misspellings: Columbia

Misspellings

"Columbia" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Callimba, Colomba, colombia, columbae, columbiade, columbid, Columbina, Coumba, Doumbia, Ochumba. (additional references)

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Rhyming with "Columbia"

Words rhyming with "Columbia" (pronounced 'Co*lum"bi*a'): Anglophobia, Bibliophobia, Cimbia, Cobia, hydrophobia, Necrophobia, Nosophobia, nubia, Papaphobia, Photophobia, Russophobia, Sitophobia. (additional references)

Top     

Anagrams: Columbia

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

Words within the letters "a-b-c-i-l-m-o-u"

-1 letter: aboulic.

-2 letters: abulic, labium.

-3 letters: aboil, album, aulic, cibol, claim, climb, clomb, cobia, comal, limba, limbo, locum, malic, miaou, miaul, oculi, umiac.

-4 letters: alum, ambo, bail, balm, bima, blam, bloc, boil, bola, calm, calo, caul, ciao, clam, club, coal, coil, cola, coma, comb, culm, iamb, laic, lamb, lima, limb, limo, loam, loca, loci, mail.

 Words containing the letters "a-b-c-i-l-m-o-u"
 

+2 letters: columbaria.

 

+3 letters: bimolecular, bromouracil, columbarium, multicarbon.

 

+4 letters: biomolecular, bromouracils, communicable, communicably, connubialism, incommutable, incommutably, incomputable, incomputably, inconsumable, inconsumably, microtubular, noctambulist, umbilication.

 

+5 letters: bimolecularly, computability, connubialisms, macroglobulin, noctambulists, umbilications, unproblematic.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

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INDEX

1. Definition
2. Synonyms
3. Crosswords
4. Usage: Modern 		5. Usage: Commercial
6. Images: Slideshow
7. Images: Photo Album
8. Images: Digital Art 		9. Quotations: Historic
10. Quotations: Non-fiction
11. Quotations: Spoken
12. Quotations: Speeches 		13. Usage Frequency
14. Names: Frequency
15. Names: Company Usage
16. Cities 		17. Expressions
18. Expressions: Internet
19. Translations: Modern
20. Translations: Ancient 		21. Derivations
22. Rhymes
23. Anagrams
24. Bibliography


  

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.