Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Cocoa |
CocoaNoun1. Made from baking chocolate or cocoa powder and milk and sugar. 2. Powder of ground roasted cacao beans with most of the fat removed. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "cocoa" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1550. (references) |
Note: Cocoa \Co"coa\, noun. [Corrupted from cacao.]. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Dream Interpretation | To dream of cocoa, denotes you will cultivate distasteful friends for your own advancement and pleasure. Source: Ten Thousand Dreams Interpreted .... |
Food & Agriculture | Cocoa beans and cocoa products. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Cocoa is the dried and partially fermented fatty seeds of the cacao tree, which is used to make chocolate. It is also used to mean cocoa powder, the dry powder made by grinding the seeds and pressing out the cocoa butter. Hot cocoa is another name for hot chocolate.
Cocoa was an important commodity in Pre-Columbian Mesoamerica. Spanish chroniclers of the conquest of Mexico by Cortes relate that when Moctezuma II, emperor of the Aztecs, dined he took no other beverage than chocolate, served in a golden goblet and eaten with a golden spoon. Flavored with vanilla and spices, his chocolate was whipped into a froth that dissolved in the mouth. No less than 50 pitchers of it were prepared for the emperor each day, and 2000 more for nobles of his court.
Chocolate and cocoa are made from the beans of the cacao tree, which apparently originated in the highlands of the Amazon and Orinoco basins of South America, was introduced into Central America by the ancient Maya, and was cultivated in Mexico by the Toltecs and later by the Aztecs.
The cacao is an evergreen and ever-blooming tropical tree that grows to between 20 to 30 feet high. Linnaeus gave it the scientific name Theobroma<, meaning "fruit of the gods" (theobroma cocoa) It requires shade, protection from winds, and a rich porous soil but does not thrive in hot steamy lowlands. Its small pink flowers and their fruits grow in an unusual way: directly from the trunk and older branches. The fruit is a pod (called maraca), shaped like an elongated acorn squash, that becomes reddish or purplish yellow and weighs about a pound when ripe. A tree begins to bear when 4 or 5 years old. In one year, when mature, it may have 6000 flowers, but only about 20 pods.
A pod has a rough leathery rind about 1½ inch thick. It is filled with slimy pinkish pulp, sweet but inedible, enclosing from 30 to 50 large almond-like seeds or "beans" that are fairly soft and pinkish or purplish in color. As fast as they ripen the pods are removed with a curved knife on a long pole, opened with a machete, and left to dry until taken to fermentation.
There the beans are removed and piled in heaps, bins, or on gratings where, during several days of "sweating," the thick pulp ferments until it thins and trickles off. The quality of the beans, which originally have a strong bitter taste, depends upon this sweating. If it is overdone they may be ruined; if underdone they have a flavor like raw potatoes and are liable to mildew.
Then the beans are spread out and, constantly raked over, dried. On large plantations this is done on huge trays, either outdoors by sunshine or in sheds by artificial heat. However, thousands of tons are dried on small trays or on cowhides, with poultry, pigs, dogs and other animals wandering over them at will. Finally, bare-footed natives tread and shuffle the beans about and sometimes, during the "dancing," red clay mixed with water is sprinkled over the beans to obtain a finer color, polish, and protection against molds during shipment to factories in the United States, the Netherlands, England, and other countries.
Chocolate, introduced by the Spaniards, had become a popular beverage throughout Europe by 1700. They also introduced the cacao tree into the West Indies and the Philippines. Today, about half of the world's crop of beans is grown in equatorial Africa, especially on the Gold Coast, and one-third in South America, chiefly Brazil. The use of chocolate, cocoa and other products is world-wide but the United States is by far the greatest consumer.
In a factory the beans, after being washed and roasted, are de-hulled by a "nibber" machine that also removes the germ. The nibs are ground between three sets of stones until they emerge as a thick creamy paste. Cocoa powder is made from this "liquor" by pressing out part of its fatty oilss -- the "cocoa butter" used in confectionery, soaps, and cosmetics. With starch and sugar added, the liquor is churned and beaten in a "Conges" machine to produce sweet chocolate. Adding an alkali produces Dutch process cocoa powder, which is what is generally available most everywhere in the world except the United States and has less acidity.
- (based on text from the public-domain Web site of the Argonne National Laboratory)
External links
Cocoa is also the name of an API for the Mac OS X operating system. See Cocoa (software).
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Cocoa."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Cocoa is Apple Computer's native object-oriented application programming environment for the Mac OS X operating system. It is one of five major programming environments available for Mac OS X; the others are Carbon, Classic, BSD, and Java. (Environments such as Perl and Python are considered minor environments because they are not generally used for full-fledged application programming. There are, of course, exceptions to this rule.)The name is also sometimes used to describe the development environment as well, consisting primarily of Project Builder and Interface Builder. (With the release of Mac OS X "Panther" in late 2003, Project Builder will be replaced by a new Cocoa IDE, Xcode. This is not accurate, as other environments such as CodeWarrior and a few other compilers also support development for the API. For consumers the term refers to applications written with the interface and features inherent to Cocoa applications. This usually means they are written mostly in Cocoa, but there are exceptions since Cocoa can be combined with other types of development.
Cocoa history
Cocoa is derived from the NeXTSTEP and OPENSTEP programming environments developed by NeXT in the late 1980's. Apple acquired NeXT in December, 1996, and subsequently went to work on the Rhapsody operating system that was supposed to be the direct successor of OPENSTEP and use OPENSTEP technology proper, and have an emulation base for Mac OS applications, which was termed Blue Box. The OPENSTEP base of libraries and binary support was termed Yellow Box. However, the focus on Rhapsody lessened, and Apple soon shifted to developing Mac OS X.Much of the work that went into developing OPENSTEP was applied to the development of Mac OS X. Cocoa is the most visible part of that synergy. There are, however, some very important fundamental differences. The most visible of which is that NeXTSTEP and OPENSTEP used Display PostScript for on-screen display of text and graphics, while Cocoa depends on Apple's Quartz (which uses PDF). Cocoa also has some level of internet support (NSUrl classes, and others), while under OPENSTEP one managed network connections through NSFileHandle classes and Berkeley sockets.
Main frameworks
Cocoa consists of two Objective C libraries called frameworks. Frameworks are a construct unique to the NeXTSTEP/OpenStep/Cocoa family of programming environments. They are functionally very similar to shared libraries, which are often referred to by the acronym DSO, for dynamic shared object, or DLL, for dynamically linked library. A framework consists of a compiled object that can be dynamically loaded into a program's address space at run-time, along with the associated resources, header files, and documentation.
The "NS" prefix, used for all framework objects, comes from Cocoa's NeXTSTEP/OpenStep heritage, as does the .nib file extension used by the Interface Builder. The .nib suffix originally stood for NeXT Interface Builder, but conventional wisdom now holds that .nib doesn't stand for anything; it is now said to refer to the word nib, meaning the sharpened point of a quill or pen.
- Application Kit or AppKit is directly descended from the original NeXTSTEP Application Kit. It contains code with which programs can create and interact with graphical user interfaces. NSWindow and NSButton are examples of AppKit classes.
- Foundation first appeared in OpenStep. It is a generic object-oriented library providing string and value manipulation, containers and iteration, distributed computing, event handling, networking, and other functions that are not directly tied to the graphical user interface. NSString, NSDictionary and NSURLHandle are examples of Foundation classes.
Memory management
One feature of the Cocoa environment that is, if not unique, certainly unusual is its facility for managing dynamically allocated memory. Cocoa's NSObject class, from which all Cocoa classes, both vendor and user, are derived, implements a reference counting scheme for memory management. Every object has a retain method and a release method, and an instance variable accessible through the retainCount accessor method. A newly allocated object, created with alloc, has a retain count of one. Sending that object a retain message increments the retain count, while sending it a release message decrements the retain count. When an object's retain count reaches zero, it is deallocated and its memory is freed. (Deallocation is to Objective C objects as destruction is to C++ objects. The dealloc method is functionally equivalent to a C++ destructor.)In addition to manual reference counting, application programmers may choose to make use of autorelease pools. Sending an object an autorelease message puts that object's deallocation under the control of the thread's global autorelease pool. The autorelease pool releases an object some time after program flow has passed out of the block where that object was autoreleased.
Cocoa gives the programmer the choice of whether to manually manage his objects or not. Opinions on this are divided. Some say that Cocoa's memory management is superior because it allows the programmer to have precise control over when his objects are deallocated, but does not burden him with the necessity of doing so for every object a program allocates. Others say that the whole mess is unnecessary, and that Java-style automatic garbage collection is superior, because it removes the possibility of programmer error in memory management.
Java bindings for the Cocoa frameworks are also available. While the frameworks themselves are written in Objective C, and Objective C is presently the preferred language for Cocoa programming, Cocoa applications can be written in Java.
An open source implementation of the OpenStep specification is available under the name GNUstep.
External links
- Apple's Cocoa documentation
- Cocoa Dev Central
- Cocoa Development Wiki
- iDevGames
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Cocoa (software)."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Cocoa is a city located in Brevard County, Florida. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 16,412.Geography
Cocoa is located at 28°22'10" North, 80°44'38" West (28.369334, -80.743779)1. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 24.7 km² (9.5 mi²). 19.3 km² (7.5 mi²) of it is land and 5.3 km² (2.1 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 21.64% water.Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there are 16,412 people, 6,939 households, and 4,232 families residing in the city. The population density is 849.4/km² (2,200.3/mi²). There are 8,064 housing units at an average density of 417.4/km² (1,081.1/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 62.47% White, 32.28% African American, 0.63% Native American, 0.94% Asian, 0.23% Pacific Islander, 1.58% from other races, and 1.87% from two or more races. 4.93% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 6,939 households out of which 28.5% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.0% are married couples living together, 19.2% have a female householder with no husband present, and 39.0% are non-families. 32.0% of all households are made up of individuals and 11.5% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.35 and the average family size is 2.97. In the city the population is spread out with 26.4% under the age of 18, 8.6% from 18 to 24, 29.1% from 25 to 44, 21.6% from 45 to 64, and 14.3% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 36 years. For every 100 females there are 90.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 86.4 males. The median income for a household in the city is $27,062, and the median income for a family is $31,243. Males have a median income of $27,294 versus $22,500 for females. The per capita income for the city is $15,665. 24.1% of the population and 21.8% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 38.7% are under the age of 18 and 11.8% are 65 or older.Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Cocoa, Florida."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
| COPAL | English | Cocoa Producers Alliance | Public Administration, Food & Agriculture |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: CocoaSynonyms: chocolate (n), hot chocolate (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Food | Wine, spirits, liqueur, beer, ale, malt liquor, Sir John Barleycorn, stingo, heavy wet; grog, toddy, flip, purl, punch, negus, cup, bishop, wassail; gin; (intoxicating liquor); coffee, chocolate, cocoa, tea, the cup that cheers but not inebriates; bock beer, lager beer, Pilsener beer, schenck beer; Brazil tea, cider, claret, ice water, mate, mint julep; near beer. beer, non-alcoholic beverage. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | Yeah I saw that Cocoa. (Seinfeld; writing credit: Andreas Lenze; Bea Schmidt) Yeah, Cocoa That chimp's all right (Seinfeld; writing credit: Andreas Lenze; Bea Schmidt) Daquiri Ice, Honeycomb Candy, Cocoa, Coconut, Jamocha Almond Fudge, Mocha Jamocha, Peanut Butter & Jelly, Cinnamon, Banana Mint (Guess Who's Coming to Dinner; writing credit: William Rose) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Lady Cocoa (1975) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References |
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Books |
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Periodicals |
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Music |
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Consumer Goods | |||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | JFK, John Glenn and General Davis in Cocoa Beach Parade. Credit: NASA. |  | Rich sources of copper: oysters, beef or lamb liver, Brazil nuts, blackstrap molasses, cocoa, and black pepper. Good sources: lobster, nuts and sunflower seeds, green olives, and wheat bran. P. Credit: USDA ARS News; photo by Keith Weller.. |
 | Spores released from the fan-shaped basidiocarp of this inch-wide Crinipellis perniciosa mushroom can infect cacao trees and drastically reduce yields of the beans from which cocoa and chocolate products are made. Photo Scott Bauer. Credit: USDA ARS News. |  | Indian River at Cocoa, Fla. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Road to Cocoa along Indian River, Rockledge, Fla. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Roadstand near Cocoa, Florida. Polk County. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Rowntree's elect cocoa / Beggarstaffs. Credit: Library of Congress. | ||
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |
| "Sunset1" by Ryan OConnor Commentary: "Magic hour in Cocoa Beach, Florida. Kodak 400." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. |
| Title | Author | Quote |
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man | Joyce, James | Nasty Roche and Saurin drank cocoa that their people sent them in tins |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Limit drinks such as cocoa, dark sodas, and beer. Often, medications such as calcium carbonate (Tums), calcium acetate (PhosLo), or sevelamer hydrochloride (Renagel) are prescribed with meals and snacks to bind phosphorus in the bowel. (references) | |
Business | The second largest category of imported equipment consists of installations and machinery to make sweets, cocoa, chocolate and bakery items. (references) | |
Economic History | Ghana | Major Ghanaian exports are cocoa, timber, tourism and gold. (references) |
Sao Tome and Principe | At the same time, the international price of cocoa slumped. (references) | |
Benin | There is also production of textiles, palm products, and cocoa. (references) | |
Human Rights | Ghana | An investigation was ongoing at year's end into the January 2000 case in which a 65-year-old cocoa farmer from Dadieso in the Western Region alleged that a police inspector detained him for 2 days without bail and beat him after allegations that he owed the Government money. (references) |
Political Economy | Cote d'Ivoire | Principal exports are cocoa, coffee, and wood. (references) |
JAMAICA | The primary agricultural products are sugar, bananas, coffee, and cocoa. (references) | |
Trade | Italy | Specific EU regulations exist for cocoa and chocolate products, sugars, fruit juices, fruit jams and jellies, milk and casein products. (references) |
Cote D'ivoire | Except for coffee and cocoa, whose licenses are prepared by the reorganized Nouvelle Caisse de Stabilization et Soutien des Prix de Produits Agricoles (la Nouvelle CAISTAB), all export licenses are issued by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry. (references) | |
Cote D'ivoire | In line with the GOCI's (Government of Côte d'Ivoire) decision to liberalize coffee exports in October 1998, it has established a one-stop-shop for the exportation of coffee and cocoa with the aim of facilitating and accelerating administrative procedure. (references) | |
Women | Cote d'Ivoire | These criteria include such elements as title to a house and production of profitable cash crops, specifically coffee and cocoa. (references) |
Worker Rights | Cote d'Ivoire | It is estimated that thousands of Malian children work on Ivoirian cocoa and coffee plantations. (references) |
Sao Tome and Principe | Working conditions on many of the cocoa plantations--the largest wage employment sector--are extremely hard. (references) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "Cocoa" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 95.15% of the time. "Cocoa" is used about 473 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 95.15% | 451 | 12,908 |
| Noun (proper) | 4.85% | 23 | 72,767 |
| Total | 100.00% | 473 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
1. Cocoa, FL (city, FIPS 13150) |
Expressions using "cocoa": cocoa Beach ♦ cocoa bean ♦ cocoa beans ♦ cocoa butter ♦ cocoa nut ♦ cocoa nut milk ♦ cocoa nut oil ♦ Cocoa palm ♦ Cocoa plum ♦ cocoa powder ♦ Cocoa shells ♦ cocoa skins ♦ cocoa West ♦ sea cocoa. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "cocoa": cocoa-adviser, cocoa-beans, cocoa-breeding, cocoa-brown, cocoa-coloured, cocoa-cups, cocoa-drinking, cocoa-flavoured, cocoa-growing, cocoa-husks, cocoa-leaf, cocoa-magnates, cocoa-oil, cocoa-shells, cocoa-tin. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
cocoa beach florida | 1,183 | cocoa puffed rice square | 38 |
cocoa beach | 1,038 | cocoa importer | 37 |
cocoa florida | 308 | cocoa company list | 37 |
cocoa | 278 | cocoa powder | 34 |
cocoa beach hotel | 236 | cocoa recipe | 31 |
cocoa butter | 158 | cocoa beach florida hotel | 30 |
cocoa beach resort | 143 | beach cocoa pier | 28 |
agriculture cocoa | 79 | beach cocoa front hilton ocean | 28 |
cocoa beach holiday inn | 74 | cocoa cola | 28 |
cocoa bean | 58 | cocoa milk | 27 |
beach cocoa report surf | 57 | loco cocoa | 25 |
cocoa beach real estate | 54 | bean cocoa mulch | 24 |
cocoa mulch | 53 | hampton inn cocoa beach | 24 |
hilton cocoa beach | 53 | cocoa beach fl hotel | 24 |
hot cocoa | 51 | beach cocoa surfing | 23 |
palmers cocoa butter | 47 | cocoa tree | 23 |
cocoa puff | 45 | beach chamber cocoa commerce | 23 |
cocoa beach rental | 43 | cocoa beach inn | 22 |
cocoa beach condo | 41 | cocoa plant | 22 |
city of cocoa | 38 | city of cocoa beach | 22 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Translations for "cocoa"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | kakao (cacao). (various references) | |
Arabic | كاكاو, شراب الكاكو. (various references) | |
Bulgarian | кокосова палма (coco palm, coconut tree), какао (cacao). (various references) | |
Chinese | 可可粉, 可可 . (various references) | |
Czech | kakao (cacao). (various references) | |
Danish | kakao (cacao). (various references) | |
Dutch | cacao (cacao). (various references) | |
Esperanto | kakao. (various references) | |
Farsi | کاکاءو(.n), کاکاءو (Cacao, Chocolate, Coca), رنگ کاکاءو, درخت نارگیل , درخت کاکاءو. (various references) | |
Finnish | kaakao (cacao, coffee, spices and manufactures thereof). (various references) | |
French | cacao. (various references) | |
German | kakao (cacao). (various references) | |
Greek | κακάο (cacao). (various references) | |
Hebrew | קקאו. (various references) | |
Hungarian | kakaó (chocolate milk, zing). (various references) | |
Icelandic | kakó. (various references) | |
Indonesian | coklat (brown, chocolate). (various references) | |
Irish | cócó. (various references) | |
Italian | cacao (cacao). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | コカの木 (coca tree, Coca-Cola, cocaine, cockpit, COCOM, COCOM list, Coordinating Committee for Export to Communist Area, coquette, coquetterie, coquettish, cuckoo, obsessively trend-conscious teen-age girls who may offer themselves for enjou kousai with older men in order to finance their lifestyle, shell). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | ココア . (various references) | |
Manx | poanrey coco (cocoa bean). (various references) | |
Norwegian | kakao. (various references) | |
Papiamen | kakou, kòkou. (various references) | |
Pig Latin | ocoacay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | cacau (cacao). (various references) | |
Romanian | cacao (cacao), arborele de cacao. (various references) | |
Russian | какао (cacao). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | kakao (cacao). (various references) | |
Spanish | cacao (cacao). (various references) | |
Swahili | nazi (cocoanut, cocoa-nut, coconut, coco-nut), dafu (cocoanut, cocoa-nut, coconut, coco-nut). (various references) | |
Swedish | kakao (cacao), choklad (choc, chocolate). (various references) | |
Turkish | kakaolu içecek, kakao (cacao). (various references) | |
Turkmen | kakao (r). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | какао (cacao). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "cocoa": cocoanut, cocoanuts, cocoas. (additional references) | |
| |
"Cocoa" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: caccia, cacia, caco, Ccaod, cco, Ccpa, Cecco, chocco, choco, chocoa, Cico, clocca, cocan, cocco, coccod, cocea, Cococay, cocod, cocoi, cocok, cocom, cocot, Cocxa, conciola, coocoo, cooga, coooo, Copco, Corcia, coroa, Coscom, crocata, crocea, crocean, crocuta, cucco, Cuco, cuoca, kosovan, ocao, ocoe, Octocom. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "cocoa" (pronounced kō"kō) |
| 3 | -ō" k ō | loco, poco. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-c-c-o-o" | |
-1 letter: coca, coco. | |
-2 letters: coo, oca. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-c-c-o-o" | |
+1 letter: cocoas. | |
+2 letters: coactor, cocomat, cocoyam, cooncan, raccoon, tobacco. | |
+3 letters: apocopic, bocaccio, cabochon, coaction, coactors, coanchor, cockapoo, cockatoo, cockboat, cocoanut, cocobola, cocomats, cocoyams, cofactor, colocate, confocal, cooncans, coracoid, coronach, maccoboy, occasion, outcoach, raccoons, stoccado, tobaccos. | |
+4 letters: accordion, alcoholic, bocaccios, cabochons, cacodemon, cacophony, chocolate, chocolaty, coachwork, coactions, coanchors, cockapoos, cockatoos, cockboats, cockroach, cocoanuts, cocobolas, cocreator, cocurator, cofactors, colcannon, collocate, colocated, colocates, compactor, concordat, cookshack, coracoids, coronachs, crookback, maccoboys, macrocosm, mobocracy, monocracy, occasions, ochlocrat, overcoach, stoccados, tobaccoes. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Images: Digital Art | 9. Quotations: Fiction 10. Quotations: Non-fiction 11. Usage Frequency 12. Cities | 13. Expressions 14. Expressions: Internet 15. Translations: Modern 16. Abbreviations | 17. Acronyms 18. Derivations 19. Rhymes 20. Anagrams | 21. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
