Chronic

Definition: Chronic

Chronic

Adjective

1. (medicine) being long-lasting and recurrent or characterized by long suffering; "chronic indigestion"; "a chronic shortage of funds"; "a chronic invalid".

2. Having a habit of long standing; "a chronic smoker".

Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
 

Date "chronic" was first used: sometime in the early 15th century. (references)

Etymology: Chronic \Chron"ic\, adjective. [Latin expression chronicus, Greek concerning time, from time: compare to the French expression chronique.]. (references)

Health

Slang

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

Synonyms: Chronic

Diuturnity

Adjective: durable; lasting; Verb: of long duration, of long-standing; permanent, endless, chronic, long-standing; intransient, intransitive; intransmutable, persistent; lifelong, livelong; longeval, long-lived, macrobiotic, diuturnal, evergreen, perennial; sempervirent, sempervirid; unrelenting, unintermitting, unremitting; perpetual.

Crosswords: Chronic

Speaking of chronic conditions, happy anniversary (Guys and Dolls; writing credit: Abe Burrows; Joseph L. Mankiewicz)

All it took was a phat, chronic blunt (Mallrats; writing credit: Kevin Smith)

All that it took was a fat chronic blunt (Mallrats ; writing credit: Kevin Smith)

Straight to the head like a chronic sack (Funkdafied; performing artist: Da Brat)

From here on out it's the Chronic 2 (Forgot About Dre; performing artist: Dr. dre)

It's ironic, I had the brew she had the chronic (It Was a Good Day; performing artist: Ice Cube)

Something about the chronic (Can't Nobody; performing artist: Nate Dogg)

That's real chronic baby (Can't Nobody; performing artist: Nate Dogg)

Discussions in Bioethics: A Chronic Problem (1985)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

References

• The 2002 Official Patient's Sourcebook on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (reference)

• The Official Patient's Sourcebook on Chronic Diarrhea (reference)

  (more reference examples)

Books

• Promoting Adherence to Medical Treatment in Chronic Childhood Illness: Concepts, Methods, and Interveations (reference)

• Pain-Free with Magnet Therapy: Discover how Magnets can Help Relieve Arthritis, Sports Injuries, Fibromyalgia, and Chronic Pain (reference)

• Basic and Clinical Aspects of Chronic Abdominal Pain (Pain Research and Clinical Management, Vol 9) (reference)

• Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Chronic Recurrent Abdominal_pain (reference)

• Managing Chronic Pain: Strategies for Dealing With Back Pain, Headaches, Muscle & Joint Pain, Cancer Pain, Abdominal Pain (reference)

  (more book examples)

Periodicals

• Journal Of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (reference)

• Natl Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Chronic Fatigue Syndrome And Fibromyalgia Action Network Membership (reference)

• Complete Directory For People With Chronic Illness (reference)

• Chronic Dialysis Clinics (reference)

• Chronic Disease Notes & Reports (reference)

  (more periodical examples)

Theater & Movies

• Dr. Martin Rutherford's Power Health Workout Video #1 - Great for Chronic Lower Back Pain! (reference)

  (more DVD examples; more video examples)

Music

• Chronic [EXPLICIT LYRICS] [ORIGINAL RECORDING REMASTERED] (reference)

• Suge Knight Represents: Chronic 2000 [EXPLICIT LYRICS] (reference)

• The Chronic [Clean] [ORIGINAL RECORDING REMASTERED] (reference)

  (more classical music examples; more popular music examples)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

A 10 year-old white girl is pictured here with her father in a swimming pool. She was diagnosed at age three with a form of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) that did not respond to therapy. She is presently in long-term remission after an experimental bone marrow transplant was performed. She now suffers from chronic GVH (Graft Versus Host Disease) which is rare. Credit: Linda Bartlett (photographer).

Cut surface of gross autopsy specimen of liver showing diffuse pallor due to dense network of scar tissue (fibrosis, cirrhosis). Scarring has occurred in response to chronic injury from alcohol abuse. Credit: CDC.

Pie chart showing causes of chronic liver disease in residents of Jefferson County, Alabama. Hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses contributed to the majority of cases of chronic liver disease in this population. Credit: CDC.

Peripheral blood smear showing blast crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia. Credit: CDC.

Histopathology of chronic inflammatory reaction to Schistosoma mansoni antigen in monkey infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Skin. Credit: CDC.

A suppurative disease caused by Gram-positive endogenous oral bacteria of the family Actinomycetaceae. Note the fibrotic, thick-walled abscess formation, and presence of granulation tissue indicative of a chronic inflammatory process. Credit: CDC.

The ulcerations are for the most part painless, and granulomatous in nature, i.e. chronic inflammation. The C. granulomatis bacterium is a bipolar, Gram negative organism, previously name Donovania granulomatis. Credit: CDC.

Bogoslof Island, a chronic piece of land that comes and goes with various eruptions. Presently above the water surface and a home for marine mammals and birds. Credit: America's Coastlines.

Chronic Dementia. Credit: National Library of Medicine.

Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

Health

It may also become chronic. (references)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. (references)

Diarrhea can be either acute or chronic. (references)

Business

Chance of developing chronic liver diseases is higher in hepatitis C patients than hepatitis B patients. (references)

The IT industry might also hold an important key to the chronic shortage of bandwidth (capacity) in the telecommunications network market. (references)

Three Korean regional electricity companies were merged to form KEPCO in 1961 in order to effectively deal with the chronic power shortage. (references)

Children

El Salvador

A 2000 census showed that 19 percent of children suffer from chronic malnutrition. (references)

Bulgaria

Schools in most Romani neighborhoods suffer from chronic absenteeism and very low graduation rates. (references)

Honduras

Media reports indicated that up to 40 percent of children under the age of 5 years suffer from chronic malnutrition. (references)

Civil Liberties

China

Foreign experts confirm reports of chronic shortages of Bibles, mostly due to logistical problems in disseminating Bibles to rural areas. (references)

Moldova

These difficulties, combined with the chronic financial problems of the country's schools, delayed indefinitely the implementation of the decree on a national level. (references)

Niger

While the press has attacked a recent government proposal to end preferential tax treatment for the purchase of newsprint and other supplies, the Government maintained that the measure is part of the overall effort to resolve chronic fiscal difficulties. (references)

Economic History

Vanuatu

The result is a chronic trade deficit. (references)

Nicaragua

Nicaragua suffers from a chronic external account deficit. (references)

Panama

Pockets of chronic high unemployment, notably in Colon, Panama's second city, abound. (references)

Human Rights

Morocco

Credible reports indicate that harsh treatment and conditions continue, often as a result of chronic overcrowding. (references)

Nigeria

Disease was pervasive in the cramped, poorly ventilated facilities, and chronic shortages of medical supplies were reported. (references)

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Conditions were worse in police detention facilities, where overcrowding and inadequate food and hygiene are chronic problems. (references)

Indigenous People

Argentina

Indigenous persons have higher rates of illiteracy, chronic disease, and unemployment. (references)

Minorities

Greece

The Ministry of Health and Welfare continued work on projects to address the chronic problems of the Romani community. (references)

Political Economy

Belarus

In the state sector wages were lower than the national average and wage arrears were chronic. (references)

Trade

Russia

Given chronic liquidity problems in the Russian economy, international leasing may become an important alternative to export sales. (references)

Travel

Mexico

Air pollution in the Valley of Mexico (Mexico City and adjacent areas) is chronic. (references)

Guinea

U.S. medical prescriptions: Persons with chronic medical conditions must bring supplies and medications sufficient for their length of stay. (references)

Women

Peru

Violence against women, including rape, spousal abuse, and sexual, physical, and mental abuse of women and girls, is a chronic problem. (references)

Gabon

While medical authorities have not specifically identified rape to be a chronic problem, religious workers and hospital staff reported that evidence of beatings of women was common. (references)

Worker Rights

Kyrgyz Republic

Workers have the legal right to remove themselves from unsafe working conditions; however, in practice refusal to work in situations with relatively high accident rates or associated chronic health problems could result in loss of employment, although only if informal methods of resolution failed. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

Expressions using "chronic": chronic alcoholic ♦ chronic bed ♦ chronic beryllium disease ♦ chronic bronchitis ♦ chronic disease ♦ chronic eczema ♦ chronic effect ♦ chronic fatigue ♦ chronic fatigue syndrome ♦ chronic fluorine intoxication ♦ chronic gastritis ♦ chronic glaucoma ♦ chronic glossitis ♦ chronic granulocytic leukemia ♦ chronic granulomatous disease ♦ chronic granulomatous disorder ♦ Chronic Hepatitis ♦ chronic infectious arthritis ♦ chronic inflation ♦ chronic injury ♦ chronic kidney failure ♦ chronic leukemia ♦ chronic lymphoblastic lymphoma ♦ chronic lymphocytic leukemia ♦ chronic mountain sickness ♦ chronic myelocytic leukemia ♦ chronic myelogenous leukemia ♦ chronic myeloid leukemia ♦ chronic obstructive bronchitis ♦ Chronic obstructive lung disease ♦ chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ♦ chronic phase ♦ chronic phase chronic myelogenous leukemia ♦ chronic prostatitis ♦ chronic pyelonephritis ♦ chronic radiation dose ♦ chronic rejection ♦ chronic renal ♦ chronic renal failure ♦ chronic toxicity ♦ chronic unemployment ♦ stage 0 chronic lymphocytic leukemia ♦ stage I chronic lymphocytic leukemia ♦ stage II chronic lymphocytic leukemia ♦ stage III chronic lymphocytic leukemia ♦ stage IV chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Additional references.

Ending with "chronic": acute-on-chronic, stable-chronic.

Albanian

tepër i pakëndshëm (horrible), kronik, i vazhdueshëm (ceaseless, constant, continual, continued, continuous, endless, frequent, incessant, lingering, niggling, non-stop, perennial, permanent, perpetual, persistent, regular, running, steady, unbroken, uninterrupted), i përhershëm (confirmed, constant, eternal, everlasting, fadeless, immortal, immutable, lasting, perdurable, perennial, permanent, perpetual, persistent, sempiternal, settled). (various references)

Arabic 

‏متكرر (frequent, frequenter, periodic, persistent, recurrent, repeated, return), ‏متطاول (interminable), ‏مزمن (deep-seated, inveterate, old), ‏مصاب بمرض مزمن, ‏مدمن (addicted, alcoholic, dipsomaniac, given, habitual, habitual drinker, sot, toper). (various references)

Bulgarian 

хронически (confirmed), хроничен, вкоренен (ingrain, ingrained, inveterate, rooted, settled), неприятен (annoying, clammy, disagreeable, displeasing, distasteful, hairy, hideous, hoggish, inconvenient, invidious, irksome, nasty, objectionable, painful, plaguesome, plaguy, repugnant, sour, tiresome, troublesome, ugly, unagreeable, unappetizing, uncongenial, uncool, undesirable, ungracious, ungrateful, unpalatable, unpleasant, untoward, unwelcome, vinegary, wicked), закоравял (callous, case-hardened, confirmed, crusted, double-dyed, habitual, hard boiled, indurate, ingrain, ingrained, inveterate, irreclaimable, obdurate, tough), лош (bad, cobbler, evil, fie-fie, foul, ill natured, ill tempered, ill-conditioned, inferior, loose, lousy, malefic, maleficent, malign, mean, miscreant, miserable, nasty, naughty, poor, rough, rugged, severe, shoddy, sinister, sorry, thumping, ugly, vicious, wicked, wrong), продължителен (continuous, durable, enduring, extended, lingering, long, long standing, long-drawn, progressive, prolonged, protracted, sustained, unbroken), постоянен (abiding, changeless, constant, continuous, direct, firm, fixed, frequent, hourly, immovable, invariable, lasting, minutely, perennial, permanent, perpetual, persistent, regular, secular, settled, stable, standing, static, steadfast, steady, stock, substantive, sustained, unalterable, undeviating, unfailing, unidirectional, uniform, uninterrupted, unvaried), дълготраен (indissoluble, lasting, long-lived, permanent). (various references)

Chinese 

慢性 (Chronical, Poky). (various references)

Czech

chronický, strašný (awful, dire, distressing, dreadful, fearful, fearsome, formidable, frightful, ghastly, gruesome, hairy, hellish, hideous, hopeless, horrible, horrific, terrible, tremendous), příšerný (appalling, atrocious, blinding, creepy, damnable, dreadful, excruciating, fearful, fiendish, ghastly, grisly, gruesome, horrendous, terrible, terrific, unholy, unspeakable, villainous, weird), notorický (dipsomaniac, habitual). (various references)

Danish

kronisk. (various references)

Dutch

chronisch. (various references)

Farsi 

مزمن , گرانرو, سخت (Adjacent, Crusty, Demanding, Difficult, Dogged, Dour, Eburnated, Exquisite, Grave, Grim, Rigid, Rigorous, Rocky, Rugged, Serious, Severe, Sore, Steely, Stratify, Stringent, Strong, Troublesome), شدید (Boisterous, Diametrical, Drastic, Exquisite, Grievous, Hard, Inclement, Intense, Intensive, Keen, Rigorous, Rugged, Severe, Sopping, Stalwart, Strenuous, Tough, Vehement, Vigorous, Violent), دیرینه (Ancient, Deepseated, Old). (various references)

Finnish

krooninen. (various references)

French

chronique (chronicle). (various references)

German

chronisch (chronicly). (various references)

Greek 

χρόνιοσ (inveterate, lasting, long, old), χρόνιος (perennial). (various references)

Hebrew 

ממושך (long, permanent, prolonged, sustained), כרו� י, � ושן (ancient, obsolete, old). (various references)

Hungarian

tartós (durable, enduring, hickory, indissoluble, keeping, lasting, perdurable, permanent, solid, sound, stable, standing, staple, substantive, to dye sg in grain, to last, well knit), krónikus. (various references)

Indonesian

menahun. (various references)

Italian

cronico. (various references)

Japanese Kanji 

慢性的 . (various references)

Japanese Katakana 

ま�"せいてき. (various references)

Korean 

만성 (Chronical). (various references)

Manx

neuhurransagh (impatient, insufferable, intolerable, unbearable, unendurable, unforbearing), foddey farraghtyn (long lasting, perduration), beayn (constant, durable, eternal, evergreen, firm, immortal, infinite, interminable, lifelong, longstanding, permanent, recurring, steady, sustained, timeless). (various references)

Pig Latin

onicchray.(various references)

Portuguese

crónico, crônico (confirmed), crónico. (various references)

Romanian

cronic (chronically, confirmed, inveterate, old). (various references)

Russian 

хронический (confirmed). (various references)

Serbo-Croatian

veoma loš (pitiful), ovejan (confirmed, habitual, true blue), okoreo (addicted, arrant, confirmed, double-dyed, dyed in the wool, impenitent, ingrain, ingrained, inveterate, obdurate, out and out, thorough), okoreli (hardcore), hroničan. (various references)

Spanish

crónico (lasting, protracted). (various references)

Swedish

kronisk. (various references)

Thai

เรื้อรัง, ที่ติ�"เป็นนิสัย, อย่างสุ�"ๆ. (various references)

Turkish

sürekli (abiding, assiduous, consistent, consistently, constant, continual, continuous, continuum, durable, enduring, everlasting, habitual, hourly, imprescriptible, incessant, invariable, lasting, non-stop, perennial, permanent, perpetual, persistent, running, secular, settled, standing, steady, sustained, unabating, unceasing, unremitting), müzmin (confirmed, inveterate, obstinate, protracted), kronik (annals, chronical, Chronicle, inveterate, obstinate), devamlı (assiduous, away, continual, continued, continuous, everlasting, evermore, forever, frequent, hourly, in ordinary, incessant, invariable, invariably, lasting, non-stop, on end, permanent, persistent, regular, regularly, settled, steady, sustained, unabating, unbroken, unceasing, unremitting), berbat (abominable, abysmal, accursed, accurst, appalling, atrocious, awful, bad, badly, beastly, bum, crappy, dashed, destroyed, deuced, devilish, disgusting, dread, dreadfull, egregious, execrable, fierce, flagitious, frightful, ghastly, grotty, hell, hell of, helluva, horrible, horrid, indifferent, infamous, infernal, ropy, rotten, screwed, shocking, sickening, spoilt, sticky, stinking, terrible, ungodly, unsavory, unsavoury, vicious, vile, villainous, violent, wretched), çok kötü (arrant, atrocious, awful, rotten, terrible, thumbs down, violent). (various references)

Turkmen 

цwrendekli (habit). (various references)

Ukrainian

хронічний, нестерпний (cruel, excruciating, impassive, impossible, insufferable, insupportable, intolerable, obnoxious, painful, pink, racking, repugnant, unbearable), звичний (accustomed, consuetudinary, customary, habitual, normal, old, ordinary, regular, used to, wonted), застарілий (antiquated, antique, archaic, decrepit, demoded, fossil, fusty, inveterate, moldy, mouldy, musty, obsolete, old, old fashioned, old hat, oldfangled, ole, out of date, outdated, outmoded, outworn, over age, overworn, passe, played out, rusty, superannuated, time worn, worm-eaten), затяжний (lingering), жахливий (abominable, abysmal, almighty, appalling, atrocious, awesome, awful, blinking, blood-curdling, blue, damnable, damned, deadly, desperate, deuced, devilish, dire, direful, dreadful, eerie, eery, eldritch, enormous, fearful, fearsome, ferocious, flagrant, frightening, frightful, grievous, gruesome, horrible, horrific, iniquitous, macabre, monstrous, plaguy, scarey, scary, towering, tragic, tremendous, ungodly, wretched), постійний (abiding, blue, certain, changeless, constant, continual, frequent, hourly, immanent, never failing, perdurable, permanent, regular, sedentary, settled, standing, stationary, steady, uniform). (various references)

Vietnamese 

thâm căn cố đế; th� nh thói quen thường xuyên, rất xấu, kinh niên ăn sâu, bám chặt. (various references)

chronikos. (various references)

inveteratus, vetera, veterem, veteres, veteri, veteribus, veteris, veterum, vetus, vetustiores, vetustissima. (various references)

Derivations

Words beginning with "chronic": chronically, chronicities, chronicity, chronicle, chronicled, chronicler, chroniclers, chronicles, chronicling, chronics. (additional references)

Words ending with "chronic": anachronic, diachronic, synchronic. (additional references)

Words containing "chronic": diachronically, synchronical, synchronically, synchronicities, synchronicity, unchronicled. (additional references)

Misspellings

"Chronic" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Cerknica, ceronic, charnois, Charonia, Cherani, Cherednik, Chionis, Choinich, choinnich, Chojnice, Chorionoc, Chrohn, chroinc, chrois, chrolic, Chron, chronc, chrone, chronica, chrono, chtonic, cirkovic, crnic, cronic, hornick, Kornik, Krpovic, Krupnick, phrenic. (additional references)

Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

-1 letter: choric, cochin.

-2 letters: chico, chino, chiro, choir, cinch, conch, conic, croci, ichor, orcin, rhino.

-3 letters: chic, chin, chon, cion, coin, coir, coni, corn, croc, horn, icon, inch, inro, iron, noir, nori, rich.

-4 letters: chi, con, cor, hic, hin, hon, ich, ion, noh, nor, orc, rho, rin, roc.

-5 letters: hi, ho, in, no, oh, on, or.

+1 letter: chronics, corniche, enchoric.

+2 letters: chancroid, chorionic, chronicle, corniches, crouching, microinch, monarchic, scorching.

+3 letters: anachronic, anchoritic, bronchitic, chancroids, chiromancy, chondritic, chronicity, chronicled, chronicler, chronicles, cochairing, cochairman, cochairmen, crocheting, diachronic, scrooching, synchronic.

+4 letters: achondritic, bescorching, chancroidal, charcoaling, checkrowing, chernozemic, chiromancer, cholinergic, chromatinic, chrominance, chromogenic, chronically, chroniclers, chronicling, chronologic, churchgoing, chylomicron, coanchoring, coherencies, encroaching, incoherence, microinches, microphonic, monarchical, monochromic, necrophilic, pyrotechnic, ricocheting, scorchingly, scrootching, theocentric.