Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Chilean |
ChileanAdjective1. Of or relating to or characteristic of Chile or its people; "Chilean volcanoes". Noun1. A native or inhabitant of Chile. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The Republic of Chile, or República de Chile, is located on the southwestern coast of South America. It is the land between the Andes mountains and the Pacific Ocean. It shares borders with Argentina, Bolivia and Peru.
See chilli pepper for the culinary vegetable also called "chile"
La República de Chile
(In Detail) National motto: Por la razón o la fuerza (Spanish: By reason or strength) Official language Spanish Capital Santiago President Ricardo Lagos Escobar Area
- Total
- % waterRanked 37th
756,950 km² ¹
1.07%Population
- Total (2002)
- DensityRanked 61st
15,116,435
20/km²Independence
- Initiated
- Formaly declaredFrom Spain
September 18, 1810
February 12, 1818Currency Peso Time zone UTC -4 National anthem Himno Nacional Internet TLD .CL Calling Code 56 (1) Chile claims 1,250,000 km² of Antarctica
History
Main article: History of ChileIn 1531 the Spanish conquered Peru from the Incas. One of the Conquistadors in that voyage was Diego de Almagro. He left in 1535 to the South of Peru after territorial disputes. He is credited with being the discoverer of Chile. However he did not leave any lasting marks on the territory. It wasn't until the voyage of Pedro de Valdivia 1540-1541 that a permanent Spanish presence was established. Valdivia founded a string of villages on his way south. Finally, on 12th of February 1541 he founded Santiago.
A Spanish colony until the 1810s, after gaining its independence, Chile has had a remarkably stable institutional life, with only a handful of interruptions, the longest and most recent being the government of Augusto Pinochet.
Politics
Main article: Politics of ChileThe country's current constitution was adopted in 1980 during the military government led by Augusto Pinochet and increased the power of the president and institutionalized the participation of the comanders in chief of the armed forced in the institutional life. After Pinochet's defeat on the 1988 referendum, several amendments have been made, decreasing the power of the president and toning down the vioce of the armed forces. As of 2003, discussions about further reforms continue, but have a low priority.
Executive Branch is headed by the president of the republic. As of 2003 the president is the socialist Ricardo Lagos. The president also appoints the cabinet members. The president is chosen for 6 year terms and cannot be immediately re-elected.
Judicial Branch has the Supreme court as its highest institution. For questions related to the constitution there is the Constitutional Tribunal, which also has the right to veto laws that it considers go against the constitution.
Legislative Branch is made up of 2 chambers.
For any law to be passed, a law has to pass through both chambers and be aproved by the president of the republic (who has a limited veto right). The chambers and the president can all propose new laws, but there are matters where only the president can start a law.
- The Senate which has 38 members elected by popular vote, nine appointed from various institutions such as the National Security Council and the judicial system and the President of the Republic, and the former presidents of the republic. The elected Senators are chosen for eight year terms in a bi-nominal election system that favors the two largest political blocks.
- The Chamber of Deputies has 120 members, all of which are universally chosen. Deputies serve 4 year terms.
Although there are some known cases of corruption in Chile, there is no rampant abuse of power by public officals.
Regions
Main article: Regions of ChileChile is divided into 13 regions, each of which is headed by an intendente. Every region is further divided into provinces with a Gobernador provincial. Finally each province is divided into various Comunas each with its own mayor. Intendentes and gobernadores are appointed by the president, mayors are elected by popular vote.
Each region is designated by a name and a Roman numeral. Numbers are assigned from north to south. In general the Roman numeral is used, rather than the name. The only exception is the region where Santiago is situated, which is designated RM, that stands for Region Metropolitana, Metropolitan Region.
- I: Región de Tarapacá
- II: Región de Antofagasta
- III: Región de Atacama
- IV: Región de Coquimbo
- V: Región de Valparaíso
- RM: Región Metropolitana (Santiago)
- VI: Región del Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins
- VII: Región del Maule
- VIII: Región del Biobío
- IX: Región de la Araucanía
- X: Región de los Lagos
- XI: Region de Aisén del General Carlos Ibáñez del Campo
- XII: Región de Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena
Geography
Main article: Geography of ChileThe climate varies widely from subtropical in the north, passing by the most arid desert in the world, the Atacama desert, through a fertile valley in the center, to a cold and damp south, originally covered by forest. The Mediterranean quality of the central valley made it ideal for the cultivation of table fruits, which are one of Chile's main exports, and the production of wine, also a growing export.
Economy
Main article: Economy of ChileThe economy is mostly export driven. Its main export product still continues to be copper, followed by agribusiness products. However this is not nearly as important (40% of total value exported) as it was 30 years ago (70% of exports). Recently Chile has also started exporting products such as fine wines, salmons and wood pulp. Though the country is not as industrialized as developed countries, it's one of the most industrialized nations of Latin America.
While the main industry of the northern part of Chile is mostly mining related, the southern half has quite an extensive agricultural and dairy industry. The Central-zone is dedicated mostly to services and industry, with the main harbor, Valparaiso, Chile, also situated in this part of the country.
Chile has a large service sector and has one of the worlds most liberalized and modern telecommunications infrastructures. Tourist industry is also still growing in Chile. People are attracted to the country's rugged beauty of the southern woodlands, the emptyness of the northern desert plains and the May to September skiing season in the Andes mountains.
In the boom years of the 1990s yearly economic growth was in the 7 to 12% range. After the Asiatic economic crisis in 1997, economic growth has slowed to a steady 3% per year.
According its export orientation, Chile has several free trade agreements with many countries and commercial blocks: Central American Nations, Canada, Mexico, USA, Singapur, the EFTA and the European Union, for instance. Negotiations are being handled with South Korea. Also Chile is member (in different degrees )of many international economical instances, like APEC, OMC, Mercosur, Pacto Andino , etc.
Such diversity of relations makes Chilean economy non-exclusively dependant of any major partner and provides stability.
Demographics
Main article: Demographics of ChileThe population is mostly mestizo, with some of the original ethnic groups remaining in the south, on Easter Island, and in the mountains in the north. Other minor ethnic groups are the result of some more recent European immigration, mostly from Germany.
The level of education is high, and Chileans are proud of having two winners of the Nobel Prize in literature: Gabriela Mistral and Pablo Neruda.
Holidays Date English Name Local Name Remarks January 1 New Year's Day Año nuevo March or April Holy Week (Easter) Semana Santa May 1 Labour Day Día del Trabajo May 21 Navy Day Día de las fuezas navales June Corpus Christi Corpus Christi August 15 Assumption of the Virgin Asuncion de La Virgen September 18 Independence Day Primera Junta Nacional de Gobierno National holiday September 19 Day of glories of the Army Día de las glorias del ejército October 12 Columbus Day Día de la Raza December 8 Immaculate Conception Día de la Inmaculada Concepción December 25 Christmas Day Navidad (also called Pascua) See also: Music of Chile
International rankings
- world-wide press freedom index Rank 24 out of 139 countries (2 way tie)
Miscellaneous topics
The national flower is the copihue, that lives in the woods in the southern part of Chile:
- Communications in Chile
- Transportation in Chile
- Military of Chile
- Foreign relations of Chile
- List of Chileans
The shield-of-arms depicts the two national animals: the condor (a very large bird that lives in the mountains) and the huemul (an endangered white tail deer). It also has the legend Por la razón o la fuerza (By reason or strength):
Reference
- Much of the material in these articles comes from the CIA World Factbook 2000 and the 2003 U.S. Department of State website.
Countries of the world | South America Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Chile."
Crosswords: Chilean |
| English words defined with "Chilean": Araucaria araucana ♦ bridal wreath ♦ Chile hazel, Chile nut, chile pine, Chilean hazelnut, Chilean nut, Chiloe, Coigue ♦ Francoa ramosa ♦ genus Guevina, genus Schizanthus, Guevina, Guevina avellana, Guevina heterophylla ♦ monkey puzzle ♦ Nierembergia frutescens, Nothofagus dombeyi, Nothofagus procera ♦ painted tongue ♦ rauli beech ♦ Salpiglossis sinuata ♦ tall cupflower. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "Chilean": blanket washer ♦ Lane mill, Listed below are the 28 Hispanic or Latino categories displayed in Census 2000 tabulations. (references) |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | In celebration of Chilean National Day, there will be no lunch served today (SeaChange; writing credit: Matt Cameron; Elizabeth Coleman) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
Books |
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Periodicals |
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Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | About 400 tons of jack mackerel (Trachurus murphyi) are caught by a Chilean purse seiner. Credit: Fisheries. |  | Fishing gear in the Southeast Pacific Ocean from left to right: a Chilean purse seiner; a tuna purse seiner in tropical waters of the northern part of Area 87; a Peruvian purse seiner; a trawler; and a small purse seiner. Credit: Fisheries. |
 | Watercolor by Erik Heyl, 1951, painted for use in his book "Early American Steamers", Volume I. Built in Scotland in 1860 as the commercial steamship Giraffe, Robert E. Lee was captured on 9 November 1863 and later became USS Fort Donelson. Sold after the Civil War, she was renamed Isabella. In 1869 she became the Chilean Navy ship Concepcion. Credit: NAVY. |  | Leaving Valparaiso, Chile, circa 3 November 1914, following the Battle of Coronel. The German ships are in the distance, with the armored cruisers Scharnhorst and Gneisenau in the lead, followed by light cruiser Nürnberg. Chilean Navy warships in the middle distance include (from left to right): cruisers Esmeralda, O'Higgins and Blanco Encalda and old battleship Capitan Prat. Credit: NAVY. |
 | The Almirante Latorre, the first dreadnought of the Chilean Navy, photographed during a trial trip. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Cuba-Chile, '74 : a benefit for Chilean refugees. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | We know that in this struggle we may lose a life, but we will continue it until victory : Miguel Enriquez lives in the Chilean resistance, Oct. 5, 1974. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | September 9, solidarity with the Chilean people. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | MIR, resistance until victory : support the Chilean struggle. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Expel the Chilean junta from the U.N. for violations of the United Nations declaration of human rights ... Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |
| "Caren" by Kim Werker Commentary: "Boat on a Chilean lake." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. |
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Chapparo J, Vega J, Terry W, Barra B, Meyer R, Peters CJ, et al. Assessment of person-to-person transmission of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in a Chilean hospital setting. (references) | |
Business | Johnson’s, a Chilean firm, started the movement five years ago before it could be called a movement. (references) | |
Foreign companies entering the Chilean market are also advised to conduct business only with established importers. (references) | ||
Most Chilean imports are paid for with irrevocable confirmed letters of credit issued by major local banks to the supplier. (references) | ||
Civil Liberties | Chile | Her once-banned book, "The Black Book of Chilean Justice," was allowed to circulate freely and confiscated copies were returned to the publisher and bookstores. (references) |
Economic History | Chile | Chilean regulatory systems tend to be very transparent. (references) |
Chile | By 1973, Chilean society had split into two hostile camps. (references) | |
Human Rights | Argentina | Carlos Guillermo Suarez Mason, a former commander of Argentina's Army, Paraguayan General Alfredo Stroessner, Chilean General Augusto Pinochet, as well as the former head of the Chilean political police, Manuel Contreras Sepulveda, also are accused in the Operation Condor case. (references) |
Chile | On October 8, a Chilean judge ordered the preventive arrest of four retired generals and a civilian as a first step in processing their extradition for their role in the 1974 car bombing in Buenos Aires that killed former Chilean army chief Carlos Prats and his wife Sofia Cuthbert. (references) | |
Argentina | However, a Chilean Supreme Court judge did order the arrest of five former Chilean officials pursuant to Judge Servini de Cubria's extradition request stemming from the Prats killings; at year's end, four officials reportedly remained under detention and one had been released on provisional liberty. (references) | |
Political Economy | CHILE | In August 2001, the Chilean Congress passed a tax reform bill. (references) |
CHILE | Most U.S. exports enter Chile and compete freely with other imports and Chilean products. (references) | |
CHILE | A Chilean resident corporation is subject to corporate income tax on its worldwide income. (references) | |
Trade | Chile | For Chilean government-approved exhibitions, no duty or VAT is levied. (references) |
Argentina | By land, many products head to or come from the Chilean ports in Valparaiso and Puerto Bandera. (references) | |
Chile | Payment to suppliers is often made via an irrevocable letter of credit from a Chilean Commercial bank to the supplier. (references) | |
Travel | Chile | Many Chilean business people are well-educated professionals who travel internationally and speak English. (references) |
Chile | Simplified bureaucratic procedures are the rule, making the Chilean business environment one of the most transparent and friendly in Latin America. (references) | |
Chile | Travelers considering scientific, technical, or mountaineering activities in areas classified as frontier areas are required to obtain authorization from the Chilean Government at least 90 days prior to the beginning of any expedition. (references) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
Andrew Jackson | 1829-1837 | The treaty concluded with Chili and approved by the Senate at its last session was also ratified by the Chilean Government, but with certain additional and explanatory articles of a nature to have required it to be again submitted to the Senate. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Chilean" is generally used as an adjective (general or positive) -- approximately 92.70% of the time. "Chilean" is used about 137 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Adjective (general or positive) | 92.7% | 127 | 28,395 |
| Noun (proper) | 7.3% | 10 | 111,207 |
| Total | 100.00% | 137 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "Chilean": chilean bonito ♦ chilean cedar ♦ chilean firebush ♦ chilean flameflower ♦ chilean hazelnut ♦ chilean jasmine ♦ chilean monetary unit ♦ chilean nut ♦ chilean peso ♦ Chilean pine ♦ chilean rimu ♦ chilean strawberry. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "Chilean": chilean-peruvian. | |
Ending with "Chilean": russian-chilean, spanish-chilean, us-chilean. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "Chilean"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaans | Chileens, Chileen. (various references) | |
Albanian | kilian. (various references) | |
Arabic | شيلي. (various references) | |
Bulgarian | чилийски, чилиец. (various references) | |
Chinese | 智利 (chile). (various references) | |
Czech | chilan, èilský. (various references) | |
Danish | CLP (Chilean peso), chilensk sardin (Chilean pilchard, Peruvian sardine, South American pilchard), chilensk peso (Chilean peso), oliemadie (Chilean tarweed US, madia-oil plant), madie (Chilean tarweed US, madia-oil plant), art af sydamerikansk gaffelhjort (Chilean huemal, North Andean huemal, Peruvian huemal, south Andean huemal). (various references) | |
Dutch | Chileens. (various references) | |
Esperanto | ĉiliano, ĉilia. (various references) | |
Finnish | chileläinen. (various references) | |
French | chilien. (various references) | |
German | chilenisch, chilene. (various references) | |
Greek | CLP (Chilean peso), σαρδέλα του Περού (Chilean pilchard, Peruvian sardine, South American pilchard), ιπποκάμηλος η δίχηλη (Chilean huemal, south Andean huemal), μαδία η εδώδιμος (Chilean tarweed US, madia-oil plant), μαδία της ημέρου (Chilean tarweed US, madia-oil plant), πέσο Χιλής (Chilean peso, Chilean peso-ISO code), χιλιανό πέσο (Chilean peso-ISO code), χουεμάλ (Chilean huemal, south Andean huemal), φοινικόπτερος ο χιλιανός (Chilean flamingo). (various references) | |
Hungarian | chilei. (various references) | |
Italian | cileno. (various references) | |
Korean | 칠레 (chile). (various references) | |
Manx | Shilleeagh (gravelly, pebbly, shingly). (various references) | |
Papiamen | chileno. (various references) | |
Pig Latin | ileanchay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | chileno. (various references) | |
Russian | чилийский чилиец, чилийский, чилиец. (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | čileanski, čileanac. (various references) | |
Spanish | chileno. (various references) | |
Swedish | chilensk, chilenare. (various references) | |
Ukrainian | чилійський варіант іспанської мови, чилійський. (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
Misspellings | |
"Chilean" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: achillean, Cailean, Chalan, Chaldea, chaldean, Challen, Chelseiano, Chhoeun, Chilhac, Chilham, Chilion, Chillen, Chiweta, Chuilon, Cielab, Cuileann, Khalefa, Khylrea, Kildan, Kilusan, Ochiela, Seillean, Shilena. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-c-e-h-i-l-n" | |
-1 letter: chaine, heliac, inhale, inlace, lichen. | |
-2 letters: alien, aline, anile, chain, chela, chiel, chile, china, chine, clean, cline, elain, hance, ileac, laich, lance, leach, liane, linac, niche. | |
-3 letters: ache, acne, alec, anil, cain, cane, ceil, chia, chin, cine, clan, each, elan, elhi, haen, hail, hale, heal, heil, hila, ilea, inch, lace, laic, lain, lane. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-c-e-h-i-l-n" | |
+1 letter: achenial, cephalin, ethnical, inchmeal, leaching. | |
+2 letters: bleaching, cephalins, chatelain, chelating, chelation, chelonian, cochineal, enchilada, halocline, pleaching, selachian, technical, thylacine, unethical. | |
+3 letters: anthelices, bechalking, branchline, candlefish, cephalexin, chainwheel, chandelier, changeling, channeling, channelize, chatelaine, chatelains, chelations, chelonians, chloramine, chlorinate, cochineals, enchiladas, ethnically, haloclines, hatcheling, inchoately, machinable, manchineel, mechanical, mischannel, neophiliac, nonethical, selachians, technicals, thylacines, unathletic. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Crosswords 3. Usage: Modern 4. Usage: Commercial | 5. Images: Slideshow 6. Images: Photo Album 7. Images: Digital Art 8. Quotations: Non-fiction | 9. Quotations: Speeches 10. Usage Frequency 11. Expressions 12. Expressions: Internet | 13. Translations: Modern 14. Derivations 15. Anagrams 16. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
