Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Cash |
CashNoun1. Money in the form of bills or coins. 2. Prompt payment for goods or services in currency or by check. Verb1. Exchange for cash. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "cash" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1120. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Business | Account in which the cash transactions are entered. Source: European Union. (references) |
| Coin or specie, bank notes, money orders. . . cheques and accepted sight drafts believed to be good, and. . . the balances in respect of demand and savings deposits at banks or other. . . financial in stitutions. . Source: European Union. (references) | |
| The money in the hands of an undertaking. Source: European Union. (references) | |
Dream Interpretation | To dream that you have plenty of cash, but that it has been borrowed, portends that you will be looked upon as a worthy man, but that those who come in close contact with you will find that you are mercenary and unfeeling. For a young woman to dream that she is spending borrowed money, foretells that she will be found out in her practice of deceit, and through this lose a prized friend. Source: Ten Thousand Dreams Interpreted .... |
Finance | In retail trade:immediate payment; in wholesale trade:payment on a definite date known to both buyer and seller, but this date is not usually the date of delivery. Source: European Union. (references) |
| Cf. IT. Source: European Union. (references) | |
| (1) coins or negotiable paper issued by governments as well as the balance in demand deposit accounts. For accounting purposes, cash includes money in the cash drawer, the vault, petty cash and checking account deposits in thrift institutions or banks. (2) the process of presenting a check for payment: literally of converting a check to cash. (references) | |
Mining | Som. Soft shale or bind in coal mines. (references) |
Multilingual Slang | Danish (dask), Swiss German (chiis, chlöib, schtäi, schtutz ). (references) |
Slang in 1811 | CASH, or CAFFAN. Cheese; CANT. See CAFFAN. Source: 1811 Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Cash is a town located in Craighead County, Arkansas. As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 294.Geography
Cash is located at 35°47'54" North, 90°56'0" West (35.798207, -90.933464)1. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.0 km² (0.4 mi²). 1.0 km² (0.4 mi²) of it is land and none of it is covered by water.Demographics
As of the census2 of 2000, there are 294 people, 120 households, and 90 families residing in the town. The population density is 306.8/km² (804.4/mi²). There are 141 housing units at an average density of 147.1/km² (385.8/mi²). The racial makeup of the town is 98.98% White, 0.68% Black or African American, 0.00% Native American, 0.34% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 0.00% from other races, and 0.00% from two or more races. 0.68% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 120 households out of which 29.2% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.3% are married couples living together, 15.0% have a female householder with no husband present, and 25.0% are non-families. 24.2% of all households are made up of individuals and 12.5% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.45 and the average family size is 2.87. In the town the population is spread out with 25.5% under the age of 18, 9.2% from 18 to 24, 26.5% from 25 to 44, 21.4% from 45 to 64, and 17.3% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 34 years. For every 100 females there are 93.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 90.4 males. The median income for a household in the town is $22,500, and the median income for a family is $24,722. Males have a median income of $26,136 versus $17,188 for females. The per capita income for the town is $11,888. 17.8% of the population and 10.0% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 31.1% are under the age of 18 and 8.3% are 65 or older.Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Cash, Arkansas."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
simple:Money
Definition
Money is an intermediary, naturally or artificially scarce good. To qualify as money the good must satisfy all of the following three criteria:-
1. It must be a medium of exchange
When a good is in demand primarily for its exchange utility, for its ability to be used in trade to exchange for other things then it has this property.
e.g. Few people collect cash for its pretty pictures of dead heroes. The primary reason people want cash is so they can use it to trade for other things.
2. It must be a unit of account
When the value of a good is frequently used to measure and compare the value of other goods or where its value is used to denominate debts then it has this property. (Arguably a debt or an IOU can not serve as a unit of account because its value is in reference to some external reference value, some actual unit of account that may be used for settlement).
e.g. If in a culture people are inclined to measure the worth of things with reference to goats then we would regard goats as the dominant unit of account. For instance we may say that a horse is worth 10 goats and a good hut is worth 45 goats.
3. It must be a store of value
When a good is purchased primarily to store commercial value for future trade then it is being used as a store of value. Most non perishable goods have this quality.
e.g. A sawmill might maintain an inventory of lumber or it may keep an cash box full of currency. Both would represent a store of value as they can be converted at some future date to
See also standard of deferred payment.
Introduction
Money is one of the most central topics studied in economics and forms its most cogent link to finance.
There have been many historical arguments regarding the combination of money's functions, some arguing that they need more separation and that a single unit is insufficient to deal with them all. These arguments are covered in financial capital which is a more general and inclusive term for all liquid instruments, whether or not they are a uniformly recognized tender.
Paper Currency is perhaps the most common type of money today. However goods such as gold or silver retain the essential properties of money.
Before Money
Prior to the introduction of money, barter was the only way to exchange goods. Bartering has several problems, most notably timing constraints. If you wish to trade pigs for wheat, you can only do this when the pigs and wheat are both available at the same time and place - and without proper storage that may be a very brief time. With a trade standard like gold, you can sell your pigs at the "best time" and take the coins. You can then use that gold to buy wheat when the harvest comes in. Thus the use of money makes all commodities become more liquid.
Where trade is common, barter systems usually lead quite rapidly to the emergence of several key goods with monetary properties. In the early British colony of New South Wales in Australia, rum emerged quite soon after settlement as the most monetary of goods. When a nation is without a fiat currency system it is quite common for the fiat currency of a neighbouring nation to emerge as the dominant monetary good. In some prisons where conventional money is prohibited it is quite common for goods such as cigarettes to take on a monetary quality.
Early systems, Commodity Money
The first instances of money were objects which were useful for their intrinsic value. This was known as commodity money and included any commonly-available commodity that has intrinsic value; historical examples include pigs, rare seashells, whale's teeth, and (often) cattle.
Even in the industrialised world, in absence of other types of money, people have occasionally used commodities like tobacco as money. This last happened on a wide scale after World War II when cigarettes became used unofficially in Europe, in parallel with other currencies, for a short time.
Another example of "commodity money" is shell money in the Solomon Islands. Shells are painstakingly chipped into rough circles, filed down, and threaded onto large necklaces, which are then used during marriage proposals; for instance, a father may charge twenty shell money necklaces for his daughter's hand in marriage.
Once a commodity becomes used as money, it takes on a value that is often a bit different from what the commodity is intrinsically worth or useful for. Being able to use something as money in a society adds an extra use to it, and so adds value to it. This extra use is a convention of society, and how extensive the use of money is within the society will affect the value of the monetary commodity. So although commodity money is real, it should not be seen as having a fixed value in absolute terms. Its value is still socially determined to a large extent. A prime example is gold, which has been valued differently by many different societies, but perhaps none valued it more than those who used it as money. Fluctuations in the value of commodity money can be strongly influenced by supply and demand whether current or predicted (i.e. if you know the local gold mine is about to run out of ore, the price of gold will go up in anticipation of a shortage).
Money can be anything that the parties agree is tradable, but the usability of a particular sort of money varies widely. Desirable features of a good basis for money include being able to be stored for long periods of time, dense so it can be carried around easily, and difficult to find on its own so that it is actually worth something. Again, supply and demand play a key role in determining value. When governments print more banknotes, they are increasing the supply of money without any underlying increase in value. Therefore, the money becomes worth less than before the new banknotes were issued.
For these reasons metals like gold and silver have often been used for a commodity money. However these metals are also easily alloyed with a less expensive metal, making their value somewhat suspect.
Standardized Coinage
It was the discovery of the touchstone that paved the way for metal-based commodity money and coinage. Any soft metal can be tested for purity on a touchstone, allowing one to quickly calculate the total content of a particular metal in a lump. Gold is a soft metal, which is also hard to come by, dense, and storable. For these reasons gold as a money spread very quickly from Asia Minor where it first gained wide use, to the entire world.
Using such a system still required several steps and some math. The touchstone allowed you to estimate the amount of gold in an alloy, which was then multiplied by the weight to find the amount of gold alone in a lump.
To make this process easier, the concept of standard coinage was introduced. Coins were pre-weighed and pre-alloyed, so as long as you were aware of the origin of the coin, no use of the touchstone was required. Coins were typically minted by governments in a carefully protected process, and then stamped with an emblem that guaranteed the weight and value of the metal.
Although gold and silver were commonly used to mint coins, other metals could be used -- in the early seventeenth century Sweden lacked more precious metal and so produced "plate money" which were large slabs of copper approximately 50cm or more in length and width, appropriately stamped with indications of their value. The unwieldiness of this plate money no doubt contributed to Sweden becoming the first European country to issue paper currency, in 1661.
See also: Roman currency.
Representative Money
The system of commodity money in many instances evolved into a system of representative money. In this system, the money itself had no intrinsic value, but could be converted into commodities with intrinsic values.
Paper currency and non-precious coinage was backed by a government or bank's promise to redeem it for a given weight of precious metal, such as silver. This is the origin of the term "British Pound" for instance, it was a unit of money backed by a pound of sterling silver - hence the currency Pound Sterling.
For much of the nineteenth and twenieth centuries, many currencies were based on representative money through the use of the gold standard.
Fiat Money
Fiat money refers to money that is not backed by reserves of another commodity. The money itself is given value due to an authority such as a government acting like it has value. If a large enough organisation issues, uses, and accepts something as payment for bills or taxes, that in itself gives the money some value because certain payments can be made with it. Perhaps the value it has is not the same as the large organisation might like, but there is some value nevertheless.
Governments through history have often switched to forms of fiat money in times of need such as war, sometimes by suspending the service they provided of exchanging their money for gold, and other times by simply printing the money that they needed. It was seen over time that suspending the exchange of a currency for gold (or whatever the currency represented) had less effect on what could be bought with it than many people expected. Occasionally, governments also by simple decree changed the amount of gold they would supply in exchange for their notes, and this also often had less effect on what could be bought with the money than the change in the amount of gold should have implied.
In 1971 the US finally switched to fiat money indefinitely. At this point in time many of the economically developed country's currencies were fixed to the US dollar, and so this single step meant that much of the western world's currencies became fiat money based.
Credit Money
Credit money often exists in parallel with other money such as fiat money or commodity money, and from the users point of view is indistinguishable from it. Most of the western world's money is credit money derived from national fiat money currencies.
Strickly speaking a debt is not money, primarily because debt can not act as a unit of account. All debts are denominated in units of something external to the debt. Hence credit money is not strictly really money at all. However credit money is certainly acts as a money substitute when it comes to the other functions of money (medium of exchange and unit of account). As such the existence of credit money may dampen demand for the real money and in so doing alter the dynamics of moneys market value.
When paper money is merely an IOU for something such as gold, then the paper itself is not a unit of account but merely a convenient medium of exchange. Under a rigid gold-standard with convertiblity, paper currency merely a debt instrument. However, when paper money floats, its value is not defined by reference to an external unit of account. It is no longer a debt instrument but rather it becomes purely monetary and its value is a product of the dynamics of supply and demand. Typically a central bank forces supply and the private sector forces demand.
Credit money tends to arise as a byproduct of lending and borrowing money. The following example illustrates this.
Imagine you have deposited some gold coins in a bank vault. The bank might lend the coins to a second person based on a promise to pay equivalent coins back with a few extra at a time in the future. The second person can in the meantime use the coins normally as money. But you still own the coins, and you also could still use them - you could transfer their ownership to another person to pay for something you have bought by telling the bank to transfer them from your account to the other person's account. You might do this by writing a check. So in this simple example there are two people using the same coins as money at the same time. It's as if new money has been created by the act of lending. Taking it another step, if the second person spends the coins at a shop, and they end up being deposited back into the bank by the shopkeeper, the bank can lend them again. Now you and the shopkeeper can use the coins in the same way, by writing checks or the equivalent in this example, and whoever borrows the coins a second time can use the coins directly as money. So there are three people with financial use of the coins. This can go on with many people ending up simultaneously using the same coins financially, but for each extra user there is a promise to pay equivalent coins back. These arrangements where many people use the same money simultaneously is in many respects the same as if there was extra money. The extra money that there appears to be is known as credit money. It is in the controlling the amount of money a bank can lend that the Federal Reserve can set the money supply and change monetary policy. The credible promises to repay in a reasonable time give the extra money its value. It tends to exist in parallel with another form of money such as fiat money or commodity money, wherever banking style loans are used, and occurs as a by-product of lending. It could occur without banks, but banks provide a degree of stability to the whole process by taking and evaluating the risk involved in each loan.
During the Crusades in Europe, precious goods would be entrusted to the Catholic Church's Knights Templar, who effectively created a system of modern credit accounts. Over time this system grew into the credit money that we know today, where banks create money by approving loans - although the risk and reserve policies of each national central bank sets a limit on this, requiring banks to keep reserves of fiat money to back their deposits. Sometimes, as in the U.S.A. during the Great Depression or the Savings and Loan Scandal, trust in bank policies drops very low and government must intervene to keep the industry of credit in operation.
See also: Old Money, currency market, Local Exchange Trading Systems, Electronic money, List of numismatic topics
External links
- History of Money from Ancient Times to the Present Day by Glyn Davies
- A large collection of links
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Money."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
CASH | English | Celestial Asia Securities Holdings Ltd | N/A |
| CA | English | Cash advance | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: CashSynonyms: hard cash (n), hard currency (n), immediate payment (n), cash in (v). (additional references) |
| Antonym: credit (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Accounts | Books, account book, ledger; day book, cash book, pass book; journal; debtor and creditor account, cash account, running account; account current; balance, balance sheet; compte rendu, account settled, acquit, assets, expenditure, liabilities, outstanding accounts; profit and loss account, profit and loss statement, receipts. |
Money | Petty cash, pocket money, change, small change, small coin, doit, stiver, rap, mite, sou, penny, shilling, tester, groat, guinea; rouleau; wampum; good sum, round sum, lump sum; power of money, plum, lac of rupees. |
Noun: money, legal tender; money matters, money market; finance; accounts; funds, treasure; capital, stock; assets;(property); wealth; supplies, ways and means, wherewithal, sinews of war, almighty dollar, needful, cash; mammon. | |
Currency, circulating medium, specie, coin, piece, hard cash, cold cash; dollar, sterling coin; pounds shillings and pence; Ls.d.; pocket, breeches pocket, purse; money in hand, cash at hand; ready money, ready cash; slug, wad wad of bills, wad of money, thick wad of bills, roll of dough; rhino, blunt, dust, mopus, tin, salt, chink; argent comptant; bottom dollar, buzzard dollar; checks, dibs. | |
Numeration | Abacus, logometer, slide rule, slipstick, tallies, Napier's bones, calculating machine, difference engine, suan-pan; adding machine; cash register; electronic calculator, calculator, computer; |
Payment | Verb: pay, defray, make payment; paydown, pay on the nail, pay ready money, pay at sight, pay in advance; cash, honor a bill, acknowledge; redeem; pay in kind. |
Pay cash, pay cash on the barrelhead. | |
Poverty | Adjective: poor, indigent; poverty-stricken; badly off, poorly off, ill off; poor as a rat, poor as a church mouse, poor as a Job; fortuneless, dowerless, moneyless, penniless; unportioned, unmoneyed; impecunious; out of money, out of cash, short of money, short of cash; without a rap, not worth a rap;(money); qui n'a pas le sou, out of pocket, hard up; out at elbows, out at heels; seedy, bare-footed; beggarly, beggared; fleeced, stripped; bereft, bereaved; reduced; homeless. |
Treasurer | Noun: treasurer; bursar, bursary; purser, purse bearer; cash keeper, banker; depositary; questor, receiver, steward, trustee, accountant, Accountant General, almoner, liquidator, paymaster, cashier, teller; cambist; money changer; (merchant). |
Treasury | Noun: treasury, bank, exchequer, fisc, hanaper; cash register, kutcherry, bursary; strong box, strong hold, strong room; coffer; chest;(receptacle); safe; bank vault; depository; till, tiller; purse; money bag, money box; porte-monnaie. |
Wealth | Flush, flush of cash, flush of money, flush of tin; in funds, in cash, in full feather; solvent, pecunious, out of debt, in the black, all straight. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | You got cash, you can buy court justice (Sleepers; writing credit: Barry Levinson) Uh, I'm just gonna go find a cash machine (The Big Lebowski; writing credit: Ethan Coen; Joel Coen) Hey Topper Harley, now that you've killed the bad guy and made the world safe for democracy, what are you going to do to cash in on your new found fame (Hot Shots!; writing credit: Jim Abrahams; Pat Proft) Thousands of dollars in cash. Over $150,000 just waiting to be won as we present our big bonanza of cash on Wheel Of Fortune (Rain Man; writing credit: Ronald Bass) The article got me a book deal with a little cash up front, but between the rent and the convertible the advance was gone (Kalifornia; writing credit: Tim Metcalfe. Starring Brad Pitt as Early Grayce, Juliette Lewis as Adele Corners, David Duchovny as Brian Kessler, and Michelle Forbes as Carrie Laughlin.) | |
Lyrics | Stacking up the cash (No Diggity; performing artist: Blackstreet) And as the cash box rang I (Hit 'em up Style (Oops!); performing artist: Blu Cantrell) After drawin' out all his hard-earned cash ("Mack the Knife"; performing artist: Bobby Darin) Ain't got no cash, ain't got no style ("Don't Worry Be Happy"; performing artist: Bobby McFerrin) Just so you could cash in (Fighter; performing artist: CHRISTINA AGUILERA) | |
Clever | Yesterday is a cancelled check. Tomorrow is a promised note. Today is ready cash, use it! (references; author: unknown) I once saw this sign on a diner wall: "I have an agreement with the bank. They don't fry hamburgers, and I don't cash checks. (references; author: unknown) | |
Movie/TV Titles | The Dave Cash Radio Show (1972) Cash? Cash! (1967) Cold Cash Hot Skin (1965) Cash on Demand (1961) Of Cash and Hash (1955) | |
Song Titles | A Boy Named Sue (performing artist: Johnny Cash) I Walk The Line (performing artist: Johnny Cash) RING OF FIRE (performing artist: JOHNNY CASH) Highwayman (performing artist: Willie, Cash & Kristofferson Waylon) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References |
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Books | |||
Periodicals | |||
Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
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High Tech |
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Consumer Goods | |||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | An alternative cash crop of Lupine for the ornamental market growing in Yuma , Az. Credit: Jeff Vanuga. |  | John Magagna, NRCS Soil Conservationist, and a Pennsylvania mushroom farmer, discuss the composting process used to create a growing medium for mushrooms. Mushrooms are the largest cash crop in Pennsylvania. [Slide 97CS3110]. Credit: Bob Nichols. |
 | Genl. Lopez the Cuban patriot getting his cash. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Bashiby Larkin & Squire Cash. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Cash and carry --. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | What every husband knows. Well, Addie, I'm outa the hold at last -- yeah! $49.62 cash ... Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Sugar cane is an important crop for cash income-... Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Main building, National Cash Register, Dayton, O[hio]. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Assembling department, National Cash Register, Dayton, O[hio]. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Storefront, West Frankfort, Illinois. Window of advertising: "We must help raise cash!". Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "Cash" by Eoghan Mcnally Commentary: "Payday!." | "Cash" by Vince Pataky Commentary: "Just some cash, playin' poker..." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Play | Caption |
 | Cash counter counting out bills and finishing with a high-pitched beep. |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Author | Quotation |
Bill Hicks | Here is my final point, oh thank you God. About drugs, about alcohol, about pornography, whatever that is. What business is it of yours what I do, read, buy, see, or take into my body as long as I do not harm another human being on this planet? And for those of you out there who're having a little moral dilemma in your head about how to answer that question, I'll answer it for you - none of your fucking business. Take that to the bank, cash it, and go fucking on a vacation out of my life. |
Elbert Hubbard | A failure is a man who has blundered, but is not able to cash in on the experience. |
Harold S. Geneen | In the business world, everyone is paid in two coins: cash and experience. Take the experience first; the cash will come later. |
Karl Marx | All social rules and all relations between individuals are eroded by a cash economy, avarice drags Pluto himself out of the bowels of the earth. |
Robert Green Ingersoll | The Church has always been willing to swap off treasures in heaven for cash down. |
Thomas Hood | The poor dear dead have been laid out in vain; turned into cash, they are laid out again. |
Typographic | Yesterday is a canceled check, tomorrow is a promissory note, today is ready cash -- spend it ... wisely. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
Communist Manifesto | 1848 | No sooner is the exploitation of the labourer by the manufacturer, so far, at an end, that he receives his wages in cash, than he is set upon by the other portions of the bourgeoisie, the landlord, the shopkeeper, the pawnbroker, etc. (reference) |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | These cash assets shall be accounted for irrespective of any such investment. (reference) |
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. | 1963 | In a sense we have come to our nation's capital to cash a check. (Delivered on the steps at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C. on August 28, 1910) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Grapes of Wrath | Steinbeck, John | He took ten cents from his pocket and rang it up in the cash register |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Business | These are bookkeeping deductions which are not paid out as cash. (references) | |
This is all the more remarkable since most purchases are with cash. (references) | ||
Payment practices in Peru are cash and 30, 60, 90 and 120 day terms. (references) | ||
Children | Papua New Guinea | However, preliminary, small-scale studies indicate that this situation has changed over the last decade, especially in areas where households have become isolated from the extended family support system and depend on the cash economy for a livelihood. (references) |
Civil Liberties | Georgia | The owners stated that in return they were forced to take $50,000 (100,000 GEL) in cash. (references) |
Mexico | In the past, there had been allegations of cash and noncash payments to journalists; however, there were no such allegations during the year. (references) | |
Economic History | Hungary | Hungary is still largely a cash economy. (references) |
Albania | Most transactions are carried out in cash. (references) | |
Turkey | Cash incentives for exporters have been eliminated. (references) | |
Human Rights | Mexico | The officers allegedly were trying to rob the boy's family of money that they had just withdrawn from a cash machine. (references) |
Cambodia | The courts and police often pressure crime victims to accept small cash settlements from the accused instead of seeking prosecution. (references) | |
Burma | The military forces routinely confiscate property, cash, and food, and use coercive and abusive recruitment methods to procure porters. (references) | |
Indigenous People | Malaysia | According to one NGO, the state ministry of Orang Asli Affairs later gave out cash compensation to placate the protesters. (references) |
Canada | The treaty gave the Nisga'a control over 765 square miles of tribal lands, a cash settlement, fishing and timber-cutting rights, and certain rights of self-government. (references) | |
Minorities | Fiji | Most cash crop farmers are Indo-Fijians, who lease land from the ethnic Fijian landowners through the Native Land Trust Board. (references) |
Political Economy | Cote d'Ivoire | Most of the rural population remains dependent on smallholder cash crop production. (references) |
MEXICO | Indeed, Mexican banks charge as much as $1,500 to open cash accounts and $250 for each transaction. (references) | |
Bolivia | However, most workers engage in traditional agriculture, and many citizens remain barely linked to the cash economy. (references) | |
Trade | Azerbaijan | Most business is conducted with cash. (references) |
Bulgaria | Bulgaria is predominantly a cash economy. (references) | |
India | The foreign buyer is required to make a 15 percent cash payment. (references) | |
Travel | Armenia | A few banks have started to cash travelers' checks. (references) |
Lebanon | Cash is the most common method of payment in Lebanon. (references) | |
Bulgaria | Visitors must pay cash for medical and health services. (references) | |
Women | Cote d'Ivoire | These criteria include such elements as title to a house and production of profitable cash crops, specifically coffee and cocoa. (references) |
Equatorial Guinea | Government representatives visited villages during the year to encourage local officials, village chiefs, and the police to encourage the substitution of gifts for cash to eliminate the problem of dowry repayment. (references) | |
Worker Rights | Dominican Republic | These private stores make change by giving back a combination of tickets and cash. (references) |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | DEPUTY, n. A male relative of an office-holder, or of his bondsman. The deputy is commonly a beautiful young man, with a red necktie and an intricate system of cobwebs extending from his nose to his desk. When accidentally struck by the janitor's broom, he gives off a cloud of dust. "Chief Deputy," the Master cried, "To-day the books are to be tried By experts and accountants who Have been commissioned to go through Our office here, to see if we Have stolen injudiciously. Please have the proper entries made, The proper balances displayed, Conforming to the whole amount Of cash on hand -- which they will count. I've long admired your punctual way -- Here at the break and close of day, Confronting in your chair the crowd Of business men, whose voices loud And gestures violent you quell By some mysterious, calm spell -- Some magic lurking in your look That brings the noisiest to book And spreads a holy and profound Tranquillity o'er all around. So orderly all's done that they Who came to draw remain to pay. But now the time demands, at last, That you employ your genius vast In energies more active. Rise And shake the lightnings from your eyes; Inspire your underlings, and fling Your spirit into everything!" The Master's hand here dealt a whack Upon the Deputy's bent back, When straightway to the floor there fell A shrunken globe, a rattling shell A blackened, withered, eyeless head! The man had been a twelvemonth dead. Jamrach Holobom |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Rush Limbaugh | Noble said it was inevitable that once national political parties were banned from receiving unregulated soft money, the cash would simply be funneled through special interests. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
John Quincy Adams | 1825-1829 | The purchasers of public lands are among the most useful of our fellow citizens, and since the system of sales for cash alone has been introduced great indulgence has been justly extended to those who had previously purchased upon credit. |
Lyndon B. Johnson | 1963-1969 | On a cash basis--which is the way that you and I keep our family budget--the Federal budget next year will actually show a surplus. |
Gerald Ford | 1974-1977 | Hardworking Americans caught in the middle can really use that kind of extra cash. |
Jimmy Carter | 1977-1981 | We have saved hundreds of millions of dollars through the adoption of businesslike cash management principles and set strict standards for personal financial disclosure and conflict of interest avoidance by high Federal officials. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Cash" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 98.01% of the time. "Cash" is used about 8,281 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 98.01% | 8,116 | 1,187 |
| Lexical Verb (infinitive) | 1.44% | 119 | 29,501 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.31% | 26 | 68,323 |
| Lexical Verb (base form) | 0.24% | 20 | 78,262 |
| Total | 100.00% | 8,281 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes the usage of "cash" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified. |
| Name | Usage/Gender | Usage per 100 million Persons | Rank in USA |
| Cash | Last name | 13,000 | 947 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits. | |||
| Country | Name | Country | Name |
| Japan | Japan Cash Machine Co., Ltd. | South Africa | ABC Cash Plus Ltd. |
| USA | Ace Cash Express, Inc. | ||
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
1. Cash, AR (town, FIPS 11920) |
Expressions using "cash": allowance for cash ♦ automatic cash dispensing machine ♦ available cash ♦ balance of cash on hand ♦ balance the cash ♦ be in cash ♦ be short of cash ♦ cash a bill ♦ cash a check ♦ cash a cheque ♦ cash account ♦ cash advance ♦ cash and bank balances ♦ cash and carry ♦ cash and cash equivalents ♦ cash and sale ♦ cash balance ♦ cash balances ♦ cash bar ♦ cash basis ♦ cash book ♦ cash box ♦ Cash boy ♦ cash card ♦ cash cheque ♦ cash cod ♦ cash commodities ♦ cash cow ♦ Cash credit ♦ cash crop ♦ cash dealings ♦ cash deficit ♦ cash desk ♦ cash discount ♦ cash dispenser ♦ cash down ♦ cash economy ♦ cash equivalents ♦ cash expenditure ♦ cash expenditures ♦ cash expense ♦ cash flow ♦ cash in ♦ cash in advance ♦ cash in hand ♦ cash in on ♦ cash in on smth. ♦ cash in one's chips ♦ cash income ♦ cash journal ♦ cash keeper ♦ cash machine ♦ cash offer ♦ cash on ♦ cash on delivery ♦ cash on hand ♦ cash on shipment ♦ cash operating profit ♦ cash order ♦ cash out ♦ cash payment ♦ cash point ♦ cash position ♦ cash price ♦ cash purchase ♦ Cash railway ♦ cash receipt ♦ cash receipts ♦ cash reduction ♦ cash register ♦ cash reserve ♦ cash resources ♦ cash sale ♦ Cash sales ♦ cash selling ♦ cash squeeze ♦ cash surrender value ♦ cash terms ♦ cash transaction ♦ cash transactions ♦ cash up ♦ cash up for ♦ cash voucher ♦ cash withdrawal ♦ claiming cash ♦ electronic cash register ♦ for cash ♦ give a cash discount ♦ hard cash ♦ in cash ♦ issue otherwise than for cash ♦ little cash ♦ negative cash flow ♦ net cash ♦ net cash in advance ♦ out of cash ♦ pay cash ♦ pay cash on the barrelhead ♦ pay in cash ♦ pay in hard cash ♦ payment in cash. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "cash": cash-absorptive, cash-and-carry, cash-and-carry price, cash-balance, cash-balancing, cash-based, cash-before-care, cash-bloated, cash-box, cash-call, cash-card, cash-conscious, cash-constrained, cash-consuming, cash-cow, cash-cows, cash-crop, cash-cropping, cash-crops, cash-cutter, cash-demands, cash-desk, cash-dispenser, cash-dispensing, cash-down, cash-facility, cash-finding, cash-flow, cash-flows, cash-for-hostages, cash-for-places, cash-generating, cash-generative, cash-happy, cash-hit, cash-holding, cash-hungry, cash-in, cash-in-advance, cash-in-books, cash-income, cash-in-hand, cash-killing, cash-laden, cash-limited, cash-management, cash-n'-carry, cash-needs, cash-negative, cash-office, cash-on-deposit, cash-only, cash-orientated, cash-out, cash-paying, cash-payment, cash-positive, cash-pressed, cash-quiz, cash-raisers, cash-raising, cash-register, cash-registers, cash-relations, cash-releasing, cash-rents, Cash-rhythm, cash-rich, cash-settled, cash-starved, cash-strapped, cash-till. | |
Ending with "cash": non-cash. | |
Containing "cash": do-anything-if-the-cash-is-right, non-cash assets, non-cash payment, non-cash-limited. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
cash advance | 3,354 | payday cash advance | 355 |
cash | 2,814 | cash advance loan | 344 |
johnny cash | 2,621 | payday cash loan | 336 |
cash loan | 2,532 | need cash | 308 |
internet cash | 2,269 | check into cash | 302 |
cash money | 1,660 | royal cash register | 287 |
fast cash | 1,494 | cash drawer | 287 |
cash register | 1,347 | cash til payday loan | 287 |
cash money record | 1,052 | cash for my car | 283 |
cash flow | 871 | cash money millionaire | 279 |
tabatha cash | 653 | quick cash loan | 267 |
quick cash | 640 | cash advance online | 267 |
fast cash loan | 528 | camel cash | 261 |
june carter cash | 485 | johnny cash lyrics | 257 |
free cash | 458 | instant cash loan | 253 |
nikki cash | 452 | cash flow note | 249 |
bhg.com cash | 423 | earn cash | 247 |
cash prize | 414 | survey for cash | 245 |
cash now | 399 | cash advance payday loan | 242 |
cash online | 355 | cash flow statement | 240 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Translations for "cash"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaans | kontant (in cash). (various references) | |
Albanian | thyej (bend, break, break to pieces, change, crack up, demolish, fold, fracture, hurt, mammock, maul, mill, refract, rupture, shatter, shiver, sliver, smash, snap, Spall, split, stamp, transgress, worst, wreck). (various references) | |
Arabic | مول (bankroll, capitalize, enrich, finance), مالي (financial, fiscal, monetary, moneyed, pecuniary, pocket), مال يدفع نقدا, نقد (commentary, criticism, criticize, critique, money, paper, rave, recourse, review), قبض نقديا, عملة نقدية صغيرة, صرف شيك, أوراق مالية (debentures, paper securities, paper shop), دفع نقدا. (various references) | |
Breton | laosk. (various references) | |
Bulgarian | осребрявам (encash), пари в наличност, пари (chink, currency, dough, dross, dust, funds, kale, loot, money, needful, pelf, pile, pocket, purse, ready, rhino, scratch, shiners, smart, splosh, stuff, tin, vapor, vapour, wad, wampum), изигравам ометрена карта, дребна китайска монета, дребна индийска монета. (various references) | |
Chinese | 现金, 現錢 , 現金 , 現款 . (various references) | |
Croatian | unovèiti (convert into cash). (various references) | |
Czech | placení v hotovosti, peníze (money, pelf, purse, shekels), inkasovat (concede, draw, encash, redeem), hotovost (ready money), hotové peníze (hard cash). (various references) | |
Danish | rede penge, kontanter, kontante midler (cash balances, cash in hand, cash on hand, cash resources), kontant, kassebeholdning (cash balances, cash in hand, cash on hand, cash resources), kasse (box, case, cash in hand, cash liquidity, cash on hand, casing, chest, compartment, container, crate, hopper, housing, lug boxes, picking boxes, saladin box), indløse (to cash). (various references) | |
Dutch | contant (in cash), baar (in cash, litter, pole, rod, strecher, wave). (various references) | |
Esperanto | monigi, kontanta (in cash). (various references) | |
Estonian | sularahaks (for cash), sularahaautomaat (cash machine). (various references) | |
Farsi | پول نقد, پول خرد (Change), نقدکردن (Realize), وصول کردن (Collect, Receipt, Receive), صندوق پول , دریافت کردن (Draw, Receive, Recover). (various references) | |
Finnish | käteinen (in cash). (various references) | |
Flemish | inwisselen (to cash). (various references) | |
French | encaisser (call in, to cash), espèces. (various references) | |
French Canadian | encaisser (to cash). (various references) | |
Frisian | ree (finished, in cash, ready, through). (various references) | |
German | bargeld (hardcash, ready cash), bar (able, absolute, bar, bare, completely without, devoid of, in cash, nightclub, pure, utter), Kasse (bank, box office, cash box, cash point, cash register, cashdesk, cashier, cashier's office, cashier's stand, checkout, coffers, exchequer, fund, kitty, money box, money-box, point of sale, pool, register, till), einlösen (cash in, encash, fulfill, honor, honour, redeem, to cash, to redeem). (various references) | |
Greek | μετρητά (hard cash), ρευστό χρήμα, εξαργυρώνω (redeem, turn into money). (various references) | |
Haitian Creole | kach. (various references) | |
Hebrew | מזומנים (ready cash, ready money, spot cash), להחליף במזומנים, כסף מזומן. (various references) | |
Hungarian | készpénz (blunt, chink, dry money, hard cash, money down, ready cash, ready money). (various references) | |
Indonesian | uang kontan, tunai, menunaikan (accomplish one's task, carry out, fulfill), kas (office). (various references) | |
Italian | contante (in cash), incassare (build in, collect, embed, encase, fill, get, occupy, pack, sink, take), denaro in contanti (specie), contanti (ready cash, ready money), cassa (bank, box, case, cash desk, cash register, chest, container, counter, desk, fund, jug, pay desk, safe, strongbox, till, vessel). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 金銭 (money), 金銭 (money), 現金 (mercenary, ready money, self-interested), 現金 (mercenary, ready money, self-interested), 現生 (real money), 正金 (bullion, specie), キー入力 (ATM card, automatic teller machine, birch sugar, cache, cash card, cash machine, cashbook, cashbox, cashier, cashless, cashless checkless society, cashless society, casserole, cast, caster, Castilian, casting, casting vote, caterpillar, Cathay, chimera, chinoform, Cicero, flexi-teller, hickey, key, kibbutz, kick, kickback, kickboxing, kickoff, kid, kiddie, kiddy, kids business, kimchee, kinesics, kinesiology, kinetic art, kiosk, kip, kiss, kiss-and-ride system, kit, kitchen, kitchen cabinet, kitchen drinker, kitchen programmer, kitchenware, Kitchin cycle, Kitsch, kiwi, kiwi fruit, Korean pickled cabbage, kymograph, lipstick mark, love bite, newscaster, passion mark, quinine, xenon, Xenon arc lamp, Xenon lamp, xylitol). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | しょうきん (bullion, monetary award, prize, redemption, reparation, specie), きんせん (carefully selected, gilded folding fan, heartstrings, money), キャッシュ (cache), げんなま (real money), げんきん (ban, interdiction, mercenary, ready money, self-interested, strict prohibition). (various references) | |
Korean | 현금. (various references) | |
Manx | brishey (bankrupt, bankruptcy, break, breakage, burst, cashier, change money, contravention, crash, decode, depose, disbar, dismiss, dismissal, failure, fracture, go back, infringement, interrupt, interruption, pick, raise, repulse, ruin, small change, stump, violation, wane), argid ullee (pin money, pocket money, ready money, small change), argid laue (honorarium, small change). (various references) | |
Norwegian | kontanter (cash money). (various references) | |
Papiamen | kèsh (in cash). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | ashcay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | numerário (money), dinheiro (bawbee, brass, chink, currency, dibs, dough, ducat, gold, in cash, money, pelf, pence, penny, pewter, pocket, purse, shekel, shekels, shiner, siller, splosh, tin, wad, wherewithal). (various references) | |
Portuguese Brazilian | trocar (to cash, to change). (various references) | |
Romanian | schimba în bani, plãti în numerar, numerar (specie), monedã (chip, coin, currency, piece), bani peşin (cash down, money down), bani gheaţã (ready money), bani (chink, dough, dust, Jack, kale, lucre, means, money, purse, rhino, the furniture of one's pocket), încasa (cash in, catch it, collect, encash, get, get one's gruel, have one's gruel, raise, receive, recover). (various references) | |
Russian | касса (box office, cash register, cashbox, pay-box, pay-desk, till, till 2), наличные деньги (chink, hard cash, net cash, ready, ready money), наличные, получать наличные денежный, получать деньги по чеку. (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | unovčiti (encash), novac (bread, currency, dibs, dough, lucre, money, rhino, roll), gotovina (ready, ready cash, ready money), gotov novac (spot cash). (various references) | |
Slovene | vnovèiti (to cash), bankomat (cash dispenser). (various references) | |
Somali | sarrifto (exchange, to cash). (various references) | |
Spanish | efectivo (actual, effective, forces, regular, specie), dinero efectivo, dinero contante (ready cash, spot cash), caja (barrel, body, box, case, cash desk, cashbox, cashier's stand, casing, checkbox, checkout, chest, container, crate, cushion, drawer, fund, housing, jug, money box, money-box, pay office, paydesk, shaft, shell, slush fund, take, till, vessel, well), al contado (cash down, for cash, spot). (various references) | |
Swedish | kontanter (hard cash, readies, ready money), kontant (down, outpocket, outpocketing, ready), kassa (cash desk, cashier's stand, desk, exchequer, fund, money, money box, money-box, pay desk, till), inkassera (collect). (various references) | |
Tagalog | i-cash (to cash). (various references) | |
Thai | เงินสด (readies), รับหรือจ่ายเงิน. (various references) | |
Turkish | ufak madeni para, peşin para (for cash, hard cash, hard money, ready, ready cash, ready money, spot cash, the ready), peşin ödeme (cash in advance, cash payment, down payment, payment by anticipation, prepayment), paraya çevirmek (cash a check, cash a cheque, encash, negotiate, realize, turn into cash), para (boodle, brass, bread, chink, chip, coffers, coin, currency, dough, ducat, dust, filthy lucre, funds, green, Jack, kale, lolly, lucre, means, monetary, money, oof, pay dirt, pecuniary, purse, rhino, rock, shekels, shiners, sugar, tin, wherewithal), nakit (bankroll, hard cash, hard money, in specie, liquidity, money, prompt, ready, ready cash, ready money, specie, the ready), bozmak (abash, abolish, adulterate, affect, alloy, annihilate, annul, baffle, ball up, barbarize, bedevil, blemish, botch, break, break down, break off, break on, bugger, bugger up, bust, change, circumvent, confound, confuse, contaminate, corrupt, cross, damage, debase, debauch, decay, declare off, deface, defile, destroy, deteriorate, disappoint, disarray, discolor, discolour, discomfit, discomfort, discompose, discountenance, dislocate, dismount, disorder, disrupt, dissolve, distort, disturb, downgrade, emasculate, embarrass, embroil, exchange, explode, fluff, foil, foul, foul up, fumble, garble, goof, goof up, gum up, Harry, impair, indispose, infect, infringe, lead astray, leaven, mangle, Mar, mess, murder, muss, mutilate, obliterate, pervert, pollute, put out, put out of action, put to shame, quash, queer, rattle, reverse, rot, ruffle, ruin, scotch, scupper, shatter, sour, spoil, stymie, taint, thwart, tousle, tumble, undo, unmake, upset, violate, vitiate, whittle away, whittle down, whittle off, wreck), bozdurmak (break, change, encash, exchange, to exchange, turn into cash). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | розрахунок готівкою, каш, гроші (balsam, bean, blunt, brass, charm, chink, clink, dibs, dime, dough, l.s.d., money, moo, necessary, needful, ocher, ochre, oil, oof, pelf, posh, scads, shekels, sugar, the stuff, treasure, wherewithal), грошовий ящик, готівка (ready), звільнити із служби, перетворювати на готівку, платити готівкою (pay down). (various references) | |
Vietnamese | sổ quỹ (cash-book). (various references) | |
Welsh | arian parod, arian (money, silver). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | arcariis, arcarius, argenti, argento, argentum, argentumque, capsa, lammina, lamminae, lamminam, lamminas, lamminis, nummum. (various references) |
| Middle French | 1400-1600 | caisse. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "cash": cashable, cashaw, cashaws, cashbook, cashbooks, cashbox, cashboxes, cashed, cashes, cashew, cashews, cashier, cashiered, cashiering, cashiers, cashing, cashless, cashmere, cashmeres, cashoo, cashoos. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "cash": encash, noncash. (additional references) | |
Words containing "cash": encashable, encashed, encashes, encashing, encashment, encashments, uncashed. (additional references) | |
| |
"Cash" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: acgh, cacah, cach, cafh, cah, cahg, cahl, Cahm, caish, Canh, caph, Carsch, cas, Casb, casha, cashe, Cashu, cashy, Casl, casm, caso, Casp, cassl, casu, cath, caz, caza, cazi, ccsu, Cech, ceh, cesn, chash, ciash, cish, Cisi, cism, coshi, cosht, csa, csso, csy, Culsh, cush, cvas, Icsh, kaah, kash, kashk, kasih, kazkh, Mccash. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "cash" (pronounced ka"sh) |
| 3 | k a" sh | cache, noncash. |
| 2 | -a" sh | abash, ash, bash, brash, clash, crash, dash, flash, gash, gnash, hash, lash, mash, pash, precrash, rash, rehash, sash, slash, smash, splash, stash, thrash, trash. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-c-h-s" | |
-1 letter: ash, has, sac, sha. | |
-2 letters: ah, as, ha, sh. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-c-h-s" | |
+1 letter: aches, caphs, chads, chams, chaos, chaps, chars, chase, chasm, chats, chaws, chays, chias, clash, crash, hacks, machs, sauch, schav, schwa, shack, tachs. | |
+2 letters: arches, ashcan, baches, brachs, caches, cahows, calash, casbah, cashaw, cashed, cashes, cashew, cashoo, chafes, chaffs, chains, chairs, chaise, chalks, champs, changs, chants, chapes, charas, chards, chares, charks, charms, charrs, charts, chased, chaser, chases, chasms, chasmy, chasse, chaste, cheaps, cheats, chelas, chiasm, chiaus, chinas, chufas, clachs, cushat, cushaw, dachas, encash, eschar, haceks, hances, havocs, ischia, laches, laichs, maches, machos, mochas, nachas, naches, nachos, pachas, phasic, rachis, sachem, sachet, samech, sauchs, scarph, scathe, schavs, schema, schwas, search, shacko, shacks, slatch, snatch, stanch, starch, succah, sumach, swatch, taches, thacks, whacks, yachts. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Images: Digital Art | 9. Sounds 10. Quotations: Familiar 11. Quotations: Historic 12. Quotations: Fiction | 13. Quotations: Non-fiction 14. Quotations: Spoken 15. Quotations: Speeches 16. Usage Frequency | 17. Names: Frequency 18. Names: Company Usage 19. Cities 20. Expressions | 21. Expressions: Internet 22. Translations: Modern 23. Translations: Ancient 24. Abbreviations | 25. Acronyms 26. Derivations 27. Rhymes 28. Anagrams | 29. Bibliography |
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