Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Calcium |
CalciumNoun1. A white metallic element that burns with a brilliant light; the fifth most abundant element in the earth's crust; an important component of most plants and animals. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "calcium" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1900. (references) |
| Domain | Definitions |
19th Century Satire | An earthly light that brightens even the stars. Source: Foolish Dictionary, 1904. |
Chemistry | Chemical element:atomic number 20. Source: European Union. (references) |
Health | A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes. (references) |
Mining | A metallic element of the alkaline-earth group; never found in nature uncombined, occurs abundantly as limestone (CaCO3 ), gypsum (CaSO 4 . 2H2 O), and fluorite (CaF2 ). Symbol, Ca. Used as a reducing agent, deoxidizer, desulfurizer, or decarburizer for alloys; as quicklime (CaO), it is the great cheap base of the chemical industry withcountless uses. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
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| General | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Name, Symbol, Number | Calcium, Ca, 20 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Series | Alkaline earth metal | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Group, Period, Block | 2 (IIA), 4, s | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Density, Hardness | 1550 kg/m3, 1.75 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Appearance | silvery white | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Atomic Properties | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Atomic weight | 40.078 amu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Atomic radius (calc.) | 180 (194) pm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Covalent radius | 174 pm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| van der Waals radius | no information | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Electron configuration | [Ar]4s4s2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| e- 's per energy level | 2, 8, 8, 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oxidation states (Oxide) | 2 (strong base) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Crystal structure | Cubic face centered | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Physical Properties | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| State of matter | solid (paramagnetic) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Melting point | 1115 K (1548°F) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Boiling point | 1757 K (2703°F) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Molar volume | 26.20 ×10103 m3/mol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Heat of vaporization | 153.6 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Heat of fusion | 8.54 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vapor pressure | 254 Pa at 1112 K | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Speed of sound | 3810 m/s at 293.15 K | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Electronegativity | 1.00 (Pauling scale) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Specific heat capacity | 0.632 J/(kg*K) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Electrical conductivity | 29.8 106/m ohm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Thermal conductivity | 201 W/(m*K) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1st ionization potential | 589.8 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2nd ionization potential | 1145.4 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd ionization potential | 4912.4 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Most Stable Isotopes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| SI units & STP are used except where noted. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
For more information about Ca in living nature see Ca (biology)
Other uses include:
When water percolates through limestone or other soluble carbonate rocks, it partially disolves part of the rock and causes cave formation and characteristic stalactites and stalagmites and also forms hard water. Other important calcium compounds are nitrate, sulfide, chloride, carbide, cyanamide, and hypochlorite.
Isotopes
Calcium has six stable isotopes, two of which occur in nature: stable Ca-40 and radioactive Ca-41 with a half-life = 103,000 years. 97% of the element is in the form of Ca-40. Ca-40 is one of the daughter products of K-40 decay, along with Ar-40. While K-Ar dating has been used extensively in the geological sciences, the prevalence of Ca-40 in nature has impeded its use in dating. Techniques using mass spectrometry and a double spike isotope dilution have been used for K-Ca age dating. Unlike cosmogenic isotopes that are produced in the atmosphere, Ca-41 is produced by neutron activation of Ca-40. Most of its production is in the upper meter or so of the soil column where the cosmogenic neutron flux is still sufficiently strong. Ca-41 has received much attention in stellar studies because Ca-41 decays to K-41, a critical indicator of solar-system anomalies.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Calcium."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
| CaO | English | Calcium oxide | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonym: CalciumSynonym: atomic number 20 (n). (additional references) |
| Domain | Usage | |
Movie/TV Titles | The Calcium Kid (2003) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References | |||
Books |
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Periodicals |
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Music |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Grapes of Wrath | Steinbeck, John | Carbon is not a man, nor salt nor water nor calcium. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Many nondairy foods are high in calcium. (references) | |
Glucocorticoids decrease calcium absorption. (references) | ||
Vitamin D metabolites enhance calcium absorption. (references) | ||
Business | Calcium products will continue to be well received by children and female consumers. (references) | |
In 1999, three products--Chitosan, calcium and aloe--overwhelmingly dominated the market. (references) | ||
Chitosan, calcium and aloe are expected to remain the market leaders for the next 2 to 3 years. (references) | ||
Economic History | Senegal | Mining output consists mainly of calcium phosphates. (references) |
Haiti | Natural resources: Bauxite, copper, calcium carbonate, gold, marble. (references) | |
Costa Rica | Only some fillers, like clays, calcium carbonate and some solvents, are found in the local market. (references) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Andrew Weil | You know, I think there are better forms of calcium out there. I recommend calcium citrate, which is the most absorbable form. It's much cheaper. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| "Calcium" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.75% of the time. "Calcium" is used about 1,189 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 99.75% | 1,186 | 6,518 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.17% | 2 | 245,945 |
| Noun (common) | 0.08% | 1 | 339,140 |
| Total | 100.00% | 1,189 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| Country | Name |
| Japan | Maruo Calcium Co., Ltd. |
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
1. Calcium, NY (CDP, FIPS 11671) |
Expressions using "calcium": Atorvastatin Calcium ♦ calcium acetate ♦ Calcium Aspartate ♦ calcium bisulphite(Ca(HSO3)2) ♦ Calcium blocker ♦ calcium carbide ♦ calcium carbonate ♦ Calcium Carbonate and Magnesium Hydroxide ♦ Calcium Channel Agonists ♦ Calcium channel blocker ♦ Calcium Channel Blockers ♦ Calcium ChannelBlockers ♦ Calcium Channels ♦ Calcium Chelate ♦ calcium chloride ♦ Calcium Citrate ♦ Calcium Citrate Malate ♦ Calcium Compounds ♦ Calcium Dobesilate ♦ calcium fluoride ♦ Calcium Gluconate ♦ calcium hydrate ♦ calcium hydride ♦ calcium hydroxide ♦ calcium hypochlorite ♦ calcium ion ♦ Calcium Isotopes ♦ Calcium Lactate ♦ Calcium light ♦ calcium lime ♦ calcium magnesium nitrate ♦ Calcium Metabolism Disorders ♦ calcium nitrate ♦ calcium octadecanoate ♦ Calcium Orotate ♦ Calcium Oxalate ♦ calcium oxide ♦ calcium phosphate ♦ Calcium Phosphates ♦ Calcium Pyrophosphate ♦ Calcium Pyruvate ♦ calcium quick lime ♦ Calcium Radioisotopes ♦ calcium saturation index ♦ Calcium Signaling ♦ calcium silicate ♦ calcium stearate ♦ Calcium Sulfate ♦ calcium sulphate ♦ calcium toner ♦ Fenoprofen Calcium ♦ Oyster Shell Calcium ♦ pentetic acid calcium ♦ Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "calcium": calcium-activated, calcium-based, Calcium-Binding, Calcium-Binding Proteins, calcium-calmodulin, calcium-channel, calcium-channel blocker, calcium-containing, calcium-cyanamide, calcium-dependent, calcium-enriched, calcium-free, calcium-induced, calcium-ion, calcium-loving, calcium-mobilizing, calcium-phosphate-bile, calcium-phosphorus, calcium-rich, calcium-sensing, calcium-sensitive, calcium-stimulated. | |
Ending with "calcium": ferro-silico-calcium, high-calcium, lithium-calcium, low-calcium. | |
Containing "calcium": Sodium-Calcium Exchanger. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day |
coral calcium | 7,466 |
calcium | 1,885 |
barefoot coral calcium | 708 |
bob bare foot coral calcium | 558 |
calcium supplement | 428 |
calcium carbide | 392 |
okinawa coral calcium | 385 |
benefit of coral calcium | 322 |
calcium deficiency | 302 |
sango coral calcium | 297 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Language | Translations for "calcium"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | kalcium. (various references) | |
Arabic | الكلسيوم. (various references) | |
Bulgarian | калций. (various references) | |
Chinese | ', 鈣 . (various references) | |
Czech | vápník, kalcium. (various references) | |
Danish | kalcium. (various references) | |
Dutch | calcium. (various references) | |
Esperanto | kalcio. (various references) | |
Farsi | کلسیم . (various references) | |
Finnish | E 352 (calcium malate, calcium salt of malic acid, E352 calcium malates, E352(i), E352(ii) calcium hydrogen malate, monocalcium salt of DL-malic acid), dikalsiumfosfaatti (dibasic calcium phosphate, dicalcium orthophosphate, dicalcium phosphate, E341 ii, E341ii), kalsiumbentsoaatti (calcium benzoate, E213), kalkkiurea (calcium urea), kalium-ja kalsiumsuolat joko yksittäin tai seoksina (alone or in mixtures, derived either from edible fats or from distilled edible fatty acids, E470, potassium and calcium salts of edible fatty acids, sodium), jodi-I (anhydrous, calcium iodate, E2, hexahydrate, Iodine-I, potassium iodide, sodium iodide), hygroskooppinen pölynsitomisaine (the deliquescence products of hygroscopic dust binders are concentrated magnesium or calcium chloride solutions), emäksisyys (alkalinity, basicity, calcium-content, hardness), E 578 (calcium gluconate, E578), E 526 (calcium hydroxide, E526), E 509 (calcium chloride, E509), E 470 (alone or in mixtures, derived either from edible fats or from distilled edible fatty acids, E470, potassium and calcium salts of edible fatty acids, sodium), E 452 (calciumpolyphosphate, E452, E452(i), E452(ii), E452(iii), E452(iv), glassy, polyphosphates, potassium polyphosphate, sodium calcium polyphosphate, sodium calciumpolyphosphate, sodium polyphosphate), kalsiumdinatrium EDTA (calcium disodium EDTA, calcium disodium ethylene diamine tetra-acetate, E385), E 354 (calcium tartrate, E354), kalsiumdinatriumetyleenidiamiinitetra-asetaatti (calcium disodium EDTA, calcium disodium ethylene diamine tetra-acetate, E385), E 341iii (calcium orthophosphate, calcium phosphate, E341 iii, E341iii, tribasic, tricalcium phosphate), E 341ii (dibasic calcium phosphate, dicalcium orthophosphate, dicalcium phosphate, E341 ii, E341ii), E 341 (calcium orthophosphates, E341), E 333iii (E333 iii, E333iii, tribasic calcium citrate, tricalcium citrate), E 333ii (dibasic calcium citrate, dicalcium citrate, E333 ii, E333ii), E 333i (E333 i, E333i, monobasic calcium citrate, monocalcium citrate), E 333 (calcium citrate, E333), E 327 (calcium lactate, E327), E 226 (calcium sulphite, E226), E 213 (calcium benzoate, E213), E 2 (anhydrous, calcium iodate, E2, hexahydrate, Iodine-I, potassium iodide, sodium iodide), E 170 (calcium carbonate, chalk, CI pigment white 18, E170), dikalsiumsitraatti (dibasic calcium citrate, dicalcium citrate, E333 ii, E333ii), E 385 (calcium disodium EDTA, calcium disodium ethylene diamine tetra-acetate, E385), kalsiumpigmentti (calcium toner), trikalsiumfosfaatti (calcium orthophosphate, calcium phosphate, E341 iii, E341iii, tribasic, tricalcium phosphate), ravintorasvojen tai tislattujen ravintorasvahappojen natrium- (alone or in mixtures, derived either from edible fats or from distilled edible fatty acids, E470, potassium and calcium salts of edible fatty acids, sodium), polyfosfaatit (calciumpolyphosphate, E452, E452(i), E452(ii), E452(iii), E452(iv), glassy, polyphosphates, potassium polyphosphate, sodium calcium polyphosphate, sodium calciumpolyphosphate, sodium polyphosphate), piperatsiinikalsiumedetaatti (piperazine calcium edetate), natriumkalsiumedetaatti (sodium calcium edetate), nadropariinikalsium (nadroparin calcium), monokalsiumsitraatti (E333 i, E333i, monobasic calcium citrate, monocalcium citrate), kovuus (alkalinity, calcium-content, hardness, loudness, severity), karbasalaatti kalsium (carbasalate calcium), kalsiumtrinatriumpentetaatti (calcium trisodium pentetate), kalsiumtartraatti (calcium tartrate, E354), kalsiumsulfiitti (calcium sulphite, E226), kalsiumbisulfiitti (calcium bisulphite(Ca(HSO3)2), E 226), kalsiumpitoisuus (alkalinity, calcium-content, hardness), trikalsiumsitraatti (E333 iii, E333iii, tribasic calcium citrate, tricalcium citrate), kalsiumnitraattiurea (calcium urea), kalsiumnatriumferriklaatti (calcium sodium ferriclate), kalsiummalaatit (calcium malate, calcium salt of malic acid, E352 calcium malates, E352(i), E352(ii) calcium hydrogen malate, monocalcium salt of DL-malic acid), kalsiumlaktaatti (calcium lactate, E327), kalsiumkloridi (calcium chloride, E509). (various references) | |
French | calcium. (various references) | |
German | Kalzium. (various references) | |
Greek | ασβέστιο. (various references) | |
Hebrew | סי"ן. (various references) | |
Hungarian | kalcium. (various references) | |
Irish | cailciam. (various references) | |
Italian | calcio (coup de pied, football, kick, soccer, stock). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | カリ明礬 (calcium wafer, calculator, Calgary, cardioscope, chalk, potassium alum). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | カルシウ . (various references) | |
Korean | 칼슘. (various references) | |
Manx | kelkym, kelkiu. (various references) | |
Pig Latin | alciumcay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | cálcio. (various references) | |
Romanian | calciu. (various references) | |
Russian | кальций. (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | kalcijum. (various references) | |
Spanish | calcio. (various references) | |
Swedish | kalcium. (various references) | |
Thai | ธาตุชนิ"หนึ่งมีสีขาวเงิน สัญลักษ"์ Ca. (various references) | |
Turkish | kireç taşı, kalsiyum (calcic). (various references) | |
Ukranian | кальцій. (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "calcium": calciums. (additional references) | |
| |
"Calcium" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Alcimus, altium, Cachuma, cacium, Caculuma, calcime, calcio, calciuim, calcu, calcuim, calicum, calsium, Carluccio, cecum, Collium, Colzium, Palfium. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "calcium" (pronounced ka"lsēum) |
| 4 | -s ē u m | axiom, lawrencium, paramecium, potassium. |
| 3 | -ē u m | alluvium, ammonium, aquarium, atrium, auditorium, bacterium, barium, beryllium, cadmium, cesium, chromium, colloquium, compendium, condominium, consortium, crematorium, delirium, deuterium, disequilibrium, emporium, equilibrium, europium, fermium, gallium, geranium, gonium, gymnasium, hafnium, harmonium, helium, Herbarium, holmium, honorarium, idiom, indium, iridium, linoleum, lithium, magnesium, medium, millennium, minium, moratorium, myocardium, nephridium, neptunium, niobium, nobelium, opium, opprobrium, osmium, palladium, pandemonium, petroleum, planetarium, Plasmodium, plutonium, podium, polonium, premium, presidium, promethium, protium, psyllium, radium, requiem, rhodium, selenium, sodium, stadium, strontium, superpremium, symposium, tedium, tellurium, thallium, thorium, titanium, tritium, uranium, vanadium, yttrium, zirconium. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-c-c-i-l-m-u" | |
-2 letters: acmic, aulic, claim, malic, miaul, umiac. | |
-3 letters: alum, calm, caul, clam, culm, laic, lima, mail, maul, mica. | |
-4 letters: ail, aim, ami, amu, cam, cum, lac, lam, lum, mac, mil. | |
-5 letters: ai, al, am, la, li, ma, mi, mu, um. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-c-c-i-l-m-u" | |
+1 letter: aciculum, calciums. | |
+2 letters: aciculums, cacuminal. | |
+3 letters: councilman, ecumenical, immaculacy. | |
+4 letters: camouflagic, circumlunar, circumpolar, macronuclei, oecumenical. | |
+5 letters: accumulating, accumulation, accumulative, communicable, communicably, councilmanic, councilwoman, counterclaim, ecumenically, immaculacies, malocclusion, microcapsule, miscalculate, semicircular, unacclimated, uncommercial, uneconomical. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)43 61 6C 63 69 75 6D |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references)-.-. .- .-.. -.-. .. ..- -- |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01000011 01100001 01101100 01100011 01101001 01110101 01101101 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)C a l c i u m |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0043 0061 006C 0063 0069 0075 006D |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
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Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)37677869758779 |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Quotations: Fiction 7. Quotations: Non-fiction 8. Quotations: Spoken | 9. Usage Frequency 10. Names: Company Usage 11. Cities 12. Expressions | 13. Expressions: Internet 14. Translations: Modern 15. Abbreviations 16. Acronyms | 17. Derivations 18. Rhymes 19. Anagrams 20. Orthography | 21. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
