Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

Cook

Definition: Cook

Cook

Noun

1. Someone who cooks food.

2. English navigator who claimed the east coast of Australia for Britain and discovered several Pacific islands (1728-1779).

Verb

1. Prepare a hot meal; "My husband doesn't cook".

2. Prepare for eating by applying heat; "Cook me dinner, please"; "can you make me an omelette?" "fix breakfast for the guests, please".

3. Transform and make suitable for consumption by heating; "These potatoes have to cook for 20 minutes".

4. Transform by heating; "The apothecary cooked the medicinal mixture in a big iron kettle".

5. Fake or falsify; "Fudge the figures"; "cook the books"; "falsify the data".

Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.

Date "cook" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1010. (references)

Note: Cook \Cook\, transitive verb. [imperfect & past participle. Cooked; Cooking.]. (references)

Specialty Definition: Cook

Domain	Definition
19th Century Satire	A charitable institution, providing food and shelter for Policemen. Source: Foolish Dictionary, 1904.
Bible	Cook a person employed to perform culinary service. In early times among the Hebrews cooking was performed by the mistress of the household (Gen. 18:2-6; Judg. 6:19), and the process was very expeditiously performed (Gen. 27:3, 4, 9, 10). Professional cooks were afterwards employed (1 Sam. 8:13; 9:23). Few animals, as a rule, were slaughtered (other than sacrifices), except for purposes of hospitality (Gen. 18:7; Luke 15:23). The paschal lamb was roasted over a fire (Ex. 12:8, 9; 2Chr. 35:13). Cooking by boiling was the usual method adopted (Lev. 8:31; Ex. 16:23). No cooking took place on the Sabbath day (Ex. 35:3). Source: Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary.
Biographical Satire	COOK, T. H. E., Lord of the Household. Entered the kitchen at a tender age. Soon acquired considerable weight in person, and in the management of the house. When she departed there was weeping, and wailing, and waiting. Diet: Usually large and everything of the best. Ambition: An American policeman, or Thomas Atkins. Recreations: Days off. Address: The whole house. COOK, Captain, a real explorer who discovered the Sandwich Islands and who took the first Cook's tour around the world. COOK, Doctor Frederick A., an explorer who said he discovered the north pole, but nobody believed him. (See Peary.) COOK, Tom, celebrated ticket seller, author of captivating travel literature, and a tour arranger who guarantees to save you money. Owns and operates the Nile and Mount Vesuvius. Publications: The Come On Books. Ambition: Those Americans who want to see everything. Also "first timers." Address: Any foreign city equipped with tourists. COOK (first name not known), son of the above, who helps his father save money for the tourist. He is called "fils" in Paris. Source: Who was Who: 5000BC - 1914.
Occupations	Prepares, seasons, and cooks soups, meats, vegetables, desserts, and other foodstuffs for consumption in eating establishments: Reads menu to estimate food requirements and orders food from supplier or procures food from storage. Adjusts thermostat controls to regulate temperature of ovens, broilers, grills, roasters, and steam kettles. Measures and mixes ingredients according to recipe, using variety of kitchen utensils and equipment, such as blenders, mixers, grinders, slicers, and tenderizers, to prepare soups, salads, gravies, desserts, sauces, and casseroles. Bakes, roasts, broils, and steams meats, fish, vegetables, and other foods. Adds seasoning to foods during mixing or cooking, according to personal judgment and experience. Observes and tests foods being cooked by tasting, smelling, and piercing with fork to determine that it is cooked. Carves meats, portions food on serving plates, adds gravies and sauces, and garnishes servings to fill orders. May supervise other cooks and kitchen employees. May wash, peel, cut, and shred vegetables and fruits to prepare them for use. May butcher chickens, fish, and shellfish. May cut, trim, and bone meat prior to cooking. May bake bread, rolls, cakes, and pastry [BAKER (hotel & rest.) 313.381-010]. May price items on menu. May be designated according to meal cooked or shift worked as Cook, Dinner (hotel & rest.); Cook, Morning (hotel & rest.); or according to food item prepared as Cook, Roast (hotel & rest.); or according to method of cooking as Cook, Broiler (hotel & rest.). May substitute for and relieve or assist other cooks during emergencies or rush periods and be designated Cook, Relief (hotel & rest.). May prepare and cook meals for institutionalized patients requiring special diets and be designated Food-Service Worker (hotel & rest.). May be designated: Cook, Dessert (hotel & rest.); Cook, Fry (hotel & rest.); Cook, Night (hotel & rest.); Cook, Sauce (hotel & rest.); Cook, Soup (hotel & rest.); Cook, Special Diet (hotel & rest.); Cook, Vegetable (hotel & rest.). May oversee work of patients assigned to kitchen for work therapy purposes when working in psychiatric hospital. (references)
	Cooks fruits, vegetables, meats, condiments, or fish products, preparatory to canning or extraction of byproducts, using cooking equipment: Weighs or measures ingredients according to recipe, using scale or graduated container. Loads ingredients into kettle or pressure cooker. Observes thermometer and gauges, turns valve to admit steam to pressure cookers or lights gas burner to heat and cook contents of kettles. Stirs mixture in kettle to blend and prevent scorching of contents, using hand or power-driven paddles. Observes cooking process or tests batch liquor with viscosimeter or hydrometer to verify viscosity or specific gravity and to ascertain completeness of cooking process. Starts pump, opens valve, or tilts or scoops contents of kettle into container to unload cooked contents. May test batch for sugar content, using refractometer. May mix ingredients prior to cooking. May be designated according to material cooked as Cook, Fish Eggs (can. & preserv.); Cook, Fruit (can. & preserv.); Cook, Jelly (can. & preserv.); Cook, Juice (can. & preserv.); Cook, Sauce (can. & preserv.); Cook, Starch (can. & preserv.). May be designated: Cook, Mayonnaise (can. & preserv.); Cook, Pickled Meat (can. & preserv.); Cook, Preserve (can. & preserv.); Cook, Seafood (can. & preserv.); Cook, Spaghetti (can. & preserv.); Cook, Vegetable (can. & preserv.). (references)
	Tends equipment that bakes, boils, and deep-fat fries meats, such as ham, beef, liver, pork, sausage, tongues, and tripe, to prepare them for further processing: Turns valves to admit water or cooking oil into vat, and steam to heating vat. Observes gauge and turns valves to maintain specified temperature in vat. Loads vat with mesh bags, wire cages, metal molds, and sealed cans containing uncooked meat. Lifts cuts of meat from truck and loads them into vat. Suspends link sausages on holding fixtures in vat. Turns valve to drain vat, removes cooked meats, and places them on racks or in carts. Spreads sugar or honey over top of hams and places hams and other meat items in baking oven. May garnish hams with cherries and pineapple slices. May add gelatin and other ingredients, such as olives, pickles, and pimientos, to cooked meat and mix them by hand or in machine. Pours mixture into molds to form gelatinized meat loaf. May stuff meat loaves into plastic casings, using horn (funnel-shaped tube). May cook products, such as chili, souse, and head cheese. May remove bones and fat from cooked meat, using knife. May grind meat, using grinding machine. (references)
	Operates battery of stationary or rotary steam digesters to cook wood chips with soda ash or acid to make pulp for use in manufacture of paper and insulation board: Signals DIGESTER-OPERATOR HELPER (paper & pulp; paper goods) 532.686-010 to charge digesters with specified amounts of chips and chemicals. Turns valves or moves panel controls to admit steam into digesters, to raise temperature and pressure within specified limits, and to start rotary digesters. Monitors temperature, flow, and pressure gauges and charts to ensure that chips are cooked according to specifications. Tests samples of digester liquid by titration or standard color chart to determine completion of cooking process. Opens valves of stationary digester to blow cooked pulp into pit, or pulls lever to tip rotary digester and dump contents. Compiles production records. May be designated according to process as Cooker, Soda (paper & pulp; paper goods); Cooker, Sulfate (paper & pulp; paper goods); Cooker, Sulfite (paper & pulp; paper goods). (references)
	Tends equipment that cooks animal stock (animal skins, splits, fleshings, and trimmings) used to make glue or gelatin: Signals workers to fill kettle with stock. Turns valve to allow water to flow into kettle to submerge stock. Starts heaters and adjusts temperature. Cooks stock for prescribed period of time and tests sample of broth for specific gravity, using hydrometer. Compares hydrometer readings with readings on conversion tables to determine approximate amount of glue or gelatin that batch will produce. Drains broth from vat to storage tank, refills kettle with water, and cooks stock several times at progressively higher temperatures. May stir stock in kettle, using wooden paddles. May tend equipment to wash stock prior to cooking [WASH-MILL OPERATOR (chemical)]. (references)
	Plans menus and cooks meals, in private home, according to recipes or tastes of employer: Peels, washes, trims, and prepares vegetables and meats for cooking. Cooks vegetables and bakes breads and pastries. Boils, broils, fries, and roasts meats. Plans menus and orders foodstuffs. Cleans kitchen and cooking utensils. May serve meals. May perform seasonal cooking duties, such as preserving and canning fruits and vegetables, and making jellies. May prepare fancy dishes and pastries. May prepare food for special diets. May work closely with persons performing household or nursing duties. May specialize in preparing and serving dinner for employed, retired, or other persons and be designated Family-Dinner Service Specialist (domestic ser.). (references)
	Prepares and cooks family-style meals for crews or residents and employees of institutions: Cooks foodstuffs in quantities according to menu and number of persons to be served. Washes dishes. Bakes breads and pastry [BAKER (hotel & rest.)]. Cuts meat [BUTCHER, MEAT (hotel & rest.)]. Plans menu taking advantage of foods in season and local availability. May serve meals. May order supplies and keep records and accounts. May direct activities of one or more workers who assist in preparing and serving meals. May be designated according to work location as Cook, Camp (any industry); Cook, Institution (any industry); Cook, Ranch (agriculture); Cook, Ship (water trans.). (references)
	Prepares meals for crew and officers on board fishing vessel or in shore fishery establishment. May assist in actual fishing. May purchase food supplies. (references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Specialty Definition: Chef

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

A chef, from the French for chief or head person, is the executive in charge of a kitchen, responsible for recipe and menu creation, staff training, and overseeing all cooking. A chef directs the staff of cooks, bakers, butchers, and everyone else involved in the preperation of food.
Almost all establishments that prepare large amounts of food, such as restaurants and hotels, employ a chef to run the cooking operation. Chefs normally are trained by an apprentice system, wherein they spend time during the beginning of their carear doing all the jobs involved in food preperation, eventually gaining the experience needed to become a chef. Additionally, culinary schools for the training of chefs have been established in the major cuisine centers of the world, such as Paris, San Francisco, New York, and Tokyo.
See also: List of chefs
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Chef."

Cook County, Illinois

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Cook County is a county located in the U.S. State of Illinois. As of 2000, the population is 5,376,741, making it the second largest county by population in the U.S. The county seat is Chicago, the principal city of its metropolitan area, Chicagoland.

Geography
The county has a total area of 4,235 km² (1,635 mi²). 2,449 km² (946 mi²) of it is land and 1,785 km² (689 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 42.16% water.

Demographics
As of 2000, there are 5,376,741 people, 1,974,181 households, and 1,269,398 families residing in the county. The population density is 2,195/km² (5,686/mi²). There are 2,096,121 housing units at an average density of 856 persons/km² (2,216 persons/mi²). The racial makeup of the county is 56.27% White, 26.14% African American, 0.29% Native American, 4.84% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 9.88% from other races, and 2.53% from two or more races. 19.93% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There are 1,974,181 households out of which 30.90% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.00% are married couples living together, 15.60% have a woman whose husband does not live with her, and 35.70% are non-families. 29.40% of all households are made up of individuals and 9.30% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.68 and the average family size is 3.38.
In the county the population is spread out with 26.00% under the age of 18, 9.90% from 18 to 24, 31.70% from 25 to 44, 20.70% from 45 to 64, and 11.70% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 34 years. For every 100 females there are 93.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 90.50 males.
The median income for a household in the county is $45,922, and the median income for a family is $53,784. Males have a median income of $40,690 versus $31,298 for females. The per capita income for the county is $23,227. 13.50% of the population and 10.60% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 18.90% are under the age of 18 and 10.30% are 65 or older.

Cities and Towns

Alsip
Arlington Heights
Barrington
Barrington Hills
Bartlett
Bedford Park
Bellwood
Bensenville
Berkeley
Berwyn
Blue Island
Bridgeview
Broadview
Brookfield
Buffalo Grove
Burbank
Burnham
Burr Ridge
Calumet City
Calumet Park
Chicago
Chicago Heights
Chicago Ridge
Cicero
Country Club Hills
Countryside
Crestwood
Deer Park
Deerfield
Des Plaines
Dixmoor
Dolton
East Dundee
East Hazel Crest
Elgin
Elk Grove Village
Elmhurst
Elmwood Park
Evanston
Evergreen Park
Flossmoor
Ford Heights
Forest Park
Forest View
Frankfort
Franklin Park
Glencoe
Glenview
Glenwood
Golf
Hanover Park
Harvey
Harwood Heights
Hazel Crest
Hickory Hills
Hillside
Hinsdale
Hodgkins
Hoffman Estates
Hometown
Homewood
Indian Head Park
Inverness
Justice
Kenilworth
La Grange
La Grange Park
Lansing
Lemont
Lincolnwood
Lynwood
Lyons
Markham
Matteson
Maywood
McCook
Melrose Park
Merrionette Park
Midlothian
Morton Grove
Mount Prospect
Niles
Norridge
North Riverside
Northbrook
Northfield
Northlake
Oak Brook
Oak Forest
Oak Lawn
Oak Park
Olympia Fields
Orland Hills
Orland Park
Palatine
Palos Heights
Palos Hills
Palos Park
Park Forest
Park Ridge
Phoenix
Posen
Prospect Heights
Richton Park
River Forest
River Grove
Riverdale
Riverside
Robbins
Rolling Meadows
Roselle
Rosemont
Sauk Village
Schaumburg
Schiller Park
Skokie
South Barrington
South Chicago Heights
South Holland
Steger
Stickney
Stone Park
Streamwood
Summit
Thornton
Tinley Park
University Park
Westchester
Western Springs
Wheeling
Willow Springs
Wilmette
Winnetka
Woodridge
Worth
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Cook County, Illinois."

Cook, Minnesota

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Cook is a city located in St. Louis County, Minnesota. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 622.
Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.0 km² (0.8 mi²). 2.0 km² (0.8 mi²) of it is land and none of it is covered by water.
Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there are 622 people, 275 households, and 158 families residing in the city. The population density is 304.0/km² (790.1/mi²). There are 302 housing units at an average density of 147.6/km² (383.6/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 96.78% White, 0.16% African American, 1.61% Native American, 0.00% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 0.80% from other races, and 0.64% from two or more races. 0.64% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 275 households out of which 27.3% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.9% are married couples living together, 13.1% have a female householder with no husband present, and 42.5% are non-families. 39.3% of all households are made up of individuals and 24.4% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.11 and the average family size is 2.82. In the city the population is spread out with 21.5% under the age of 18, 8.0% from 18 to 24, 24.1% from 25 to 44, 19.8% from 45 to 64, and 26.5% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 42 years. For every 100 females there are 80.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 80.1 males. The median income for a household in the city is $21,607, and the median income for a family is $34,643. Males have a median income of $30,833 versus $22,232 for females. The per capita income for the city is $15,848. 13.0% of the population and 9.5% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 18.8% are under the age of 18 and 9.2% are 65 or older.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Cook, Minnesota."

Cook, Nebraska

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Cook is a village located in Johnson County, Nebraska. As of the 2000 census, the village had a total population of 322.
Geography

Cook is located at 40°30'38" North, 96°9'41" West (40.510526, -96.161506)¹. According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.4 km² (0.2 mi²). 0.4 km² (0.2 mi²) of it is land and none of it is covered by water.
Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there are 322 people, 159 households, and 86 families residing in the village. The population density is 731.3/km² (1,854.9/mi²). There are 175 housing units at an average density of 397.5/km² (1,008.1/mi²). The racial makeup of the village is 99.38% White, 0.00% African American, 0.31% Native American, 0.00% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 0.00% from other races, and 0.31% from two or more races. 1.24% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 159 households out of which 20.8% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.8% are married couples living together, 5.0% have a female householder with no husband present, and 45.3% are non-families. 42.1% of all households are made up of individuals and 28.3% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.03 and the average family size is 2.80. In the village the population is spread out with 18.9% under the age of 18, 5.6% from 18 to 24, 19.6% from 25 to 44, 24.8% from 45 to 64, and 31.1% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 48 years. For every 100 females there are 76.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 75.2 males. The median income for a household in the village is $28,594, and the median income for a family is $34,545. Males have a median income of $29,750 versus $18,750 for females. The per capita income for the village is $18,204. 6.8% of the population and 2.2% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 0.0% are under the age of 18 and 20.8% are 65 or older.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Cook, Nebraska."

Cooking

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Cooking is the act of preparing food for consumption. The term is often used in the narrower sense of applying heat to chemically transform a food to change its flavor, texture, appearance, or nutritional properties. When humans mastered fire thousands of years ago, cooking became a widespread cultural feature.

Effects of cooking
Heating can sterilize the food (depending on temperature, cooking time, and technique used), in addition to softening the food by turning collagen into gelatin. 45 to 140°F (or the roughly equivalent range 5 to 60°C) is the "danger zone" in which bacteria thrive, and which must be avoided for safe handling of meat, poultry and dairy products. Refrigeration and freezing do not kill bacteria, but slow their growth.
Living foods diet adherents advise against the use of heat in the preparation of food: they believe that temperatures above 106°F (41°C) destroy essential enzymes in the food, which they believe are necessary for proper digestion and nutrition.

Cooking Techniques

Some major hot cooking techniques:

Baking
Braising
FlashBake

Boiling
Blanching
Coddling
Infusion
Broiling
Steaming
Double steaming
Poaching
Simmering
Pressure cooking
Vacuum flask cooking

Frying
Deep frying
Hot salt frying
Hot sand frying
Pan frying
Pressure frying
Sauteeing
Stir frying

Roasting
Grilling
Searing
Barbecuing

Smoking

Microwaving (colloquially known as "nuking")

Other (cool) preparation techniques

Brining
Marinating
Seasoning
Pickling
Drying
Sprouting

Grinding (e.g. sesame seeds to produce tahini), chopping, slicing finely, grating, etc..

See Also
Specific techniques and ingredients are often regional. See Cuisine for information about the many regional and ethnic food traditions. Please see food writing for some authors of books on cookery, food, and the history of food.

Vessels for cooking include saucepans, frying pans and woks.
Food and cooking hygiene
Food preservation
Cooking weights and measures (includes conversions and equivalences common in cooking)

For recipes, see the list of recipes and the list of cocktails. Also see staple (cooking).

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Cooking."

James Cook

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

James Cook (October 27, 1728 - February 14, 1779) was a British explorer and navigator. He made three voyages to the Pacific Ocean, in which its main shorelines were discovered.

Cook was born in Marton in Yorkshire, but as a child moved with his family to Great Ayton. As a teenager he developed a fascination for the sea, and travelled to Whitby to find employment on the coal ships there.
During the Seven Years' War he served in the Royal Navy, participating in the siege of Quebec City before the Battle of the Plains of Abraham in 1759. He showed a talent for surveying and cartography and was responsible for mapping much of the entrance to the Saint Lawrence River during the siege. His surveying skills were put to good use in the 1760s mapping the jagged coast of Newfoundland, which brought him to the attention of the Royal Society.
Cook's distinctive and huge achievements can be attributed to a combination of excellent seamanship, his superior surveying and cartographic skills (map-making), courage in exploring dangerous locations to confirm the facts (e.g dipping into the Antarctic circle repeatedly and exploring around the Great Barrier reef) and boldness both with the regard to the extent of his explorations and going beyond the instructions given by the Admiralty.

First Voyage (1768-1771)
In 1766 the Society hired him to travel to the Pacific Ocean to observe and record a transit of Venus across the Sun. Leaving in 1768, he arrived on April 13, 1769 in Tahiti where he built a small fort and observatory to observe the transit; however, due to the lack of precise scientific instruments, there was no way to accurately measure it.
He then explored the South Pacific for the mythical continent of Terra Australis, with the help a Tahitian named Tupaia who had extensive knowledge of Pacific geography. The Royal Society, and especially Alexander Dalrymple, insisted Terra Australis must exist, despite Cook's personal doubts. He also reached New Zealand, which until then had been visited by Europeans only once, by Abel Tasman in 1642. Cook mapped its complete coastline, discovering Cook Strait which separates the North Island from the South Island. Next, he went on to Australia, where he discovered its east coast. The site of his first landing, Botany Bay, would later be the site of the first British colony in Australia. It was also the site of the first European contact with Australian Aborigines and the first European sightings of Australian flora and fauna. He also discovered the Great Barrier Reef, in which his ship narrowly escaped running aground. He then sailed through Torres Strait between Australia and New Guinea, again becoming only the second European to do so (the first being Luis Vaez de Torres, in 1604). His ship on this voyage, HM Bark Endeavour, gave the name to the Space Shuttle Endeavour.
By this point in the voyage Cook had lost no men to scurvy, a remarkable and unheard of achievement in the 18th century. He forced his men to eat such foods as citrus fruits and sauerkraut, under punishment of flogging if they did not comply, although no one yet understood why these foods prevented scurvy. Unfortunately, he sailed for Batavia, the capital of the Dutch East Indies, to put in for repairs. Batavia was known for its outbreaks of malaria, and much of Cook's crew would succumb to the disease before they returned home in 1771, including the Tahitian Tupaia.
Cook's journals were published upon his return and he became somewhat of a hero among the scientific community. Among the general public, however, the aristocratic botanist Joseph Banks was a bigger hero. Banks even attempted to take command of the Cook's second voyage, but removed himself from the voyage before it began.

Second Voyage (1772-1775)
Cook was once again commissioned by the Royal Society to search for the mythical Terra Australis. Despite Cook's evidence to the contrary from the first voyage, Alexander Dalrymple refused to believe a massive southern continent did not exist. Cook commanded the HMS Resolution on this voyage, while Tobias Furneaux commanded the HMS Adventure. Cook circumnavigated the globe at a very high southern latitude, becoming the first European to cross the Antarctic Circle on January 17, 1773, reaching 71°10' south, and discovered South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. In the Antarctic fog, Cook and Furneaux were separated. Furneaux made his way to New Zealand, where he lost some of his men who were eaten following a fight with the Maori, and eventually sailed back to Britain while Cook was still exploring the Antarctic.
Cook almost discovered the mainland of Antarctica, but turned back north towards Tahiti to resupply his ship. He then travelled south again, in a second fruitless attempt to find the supposed continent, bringing with him a young Tahitian named Omai, who proved to be somewhat less knowledgeable about the Pacific than Tupaia had been on the first voyage. On his return voyage, he landed at the Friendly Islands and Easter Island, and returned home having destroyed the myth of Terra Australis.
Another accomplishment of the second voyage was the successful testing of John Harrison's timekeeping instruments, which at last facilitated accurate measurement of longitude.
Upon his return, he was given an honourary retirement from the Royal Navy, but he could not be kept away from the sea. A third voyage was planned to find the Northwest Passage. Cook would travel to the Pacific and hopefully travel east to the Atlantic, while a simultaneous voyage would travel the opposite way.

Third Voyage (1776-1779)
On his last voyage, Cook once again commanded the HMS Resolution, while Captain Charles Clerke commanded the HMS Discovery. Ostensibly the voyage was planned to return Omai to Tahiti; this is what the general public believed, as he had become a favourite curiosity in London. After returning Omai, Cook travelled north and in 1778 became the first European to visit the Hawaiian Islands, which he named the "Sandwich Islands." From there he travelled east to explore the west coast of North America, eventually landing at Nootka Sound on Vancouver Island, although he unknowingly sailed past the Strait of Juan de Fuca. He explored and mapped the coast from California all the way to the Bering Strait, discovering what came to be known as Cook Inlet in Alaska on the way.
The Bering Strait proved to be impassable, although he made several attempts to sail through it. Cook became increasingly frustrated on this voyage, and probably began to suffer from a stomach ailment; it is speculated that this led to irrational behaviour towards his crew, such as forcing them to eat walrus meat, which they found inedible.
Cook returned to Hawaii in 1779. On February 14 at Kealakekua Bay, some Hawaiians stole one of Cook's small boats; normally, as thefts were quite common in Tahiti and the other islands, he would have taken hostages until whatever was stolen was returned, but his stomach ailment and increasingly irrational behaviour lead to an altercation with a large crowd of Hawaiians gathered on the beach. In the ensuing skirmish, shots were fired at the Hawaiians and Cook was clubbed and stabbed to death.
Clerke took over the expedition and made a final attempt to pass through the Bering Strait. The Resolution and Discovery finally returned home in 1780.

John Cawte Beaglehole was his biographer and edited his Journals.

External link

James Cook Links Page
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "James Cook."

Joseph Cook

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Joseph Cook
Sir Joseph Cook (1860-1947), Australian politician and sixth Prime Minister of Australia, was born on 7 December 1860 in Silverdale, a small mining town near Newcastle-under-Lyme in Staffordshire, England. He had no formal education and worked in the coal mines from the age of nine. He married Mary Turner in 1885 and shortly after emigrated to New South Wales.
Cook settled in Lithgow and worked in the coal mines, becoming General-Secretary of the Western Miners Association in 1887. He was also active in the Single Tax League and was a founding member of the Labour Party in 1891. In that year he was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly as MP for the coalfields seat of Hartley, in Labor's first big breakthrough in Australian politics.
In 1894, however, Cook refused to accept the Labor Party's decision to make all members sign a "pledge" to be bound by decisions of the Parliamentary Labor Party (Caucus}. He left the party and became a follower of George Reid's Free Trade Party. He was a minister in Reid's government 1894-99.
When the first federal Parliament was elected in 1901, Cook was elected MP for Parramatta, a seat which then included the Lithgow area. He became Reid's deputy, but did not hold office in Reid's 1904-05 ministry, mainly because Reid needed to offer portfolios to independent Protectionist members. When Reid retired from the party leadership in 1908, Cook agreed to merge the Free Traders with Alfred Deakin's Protectionists, and became deputy leader of the new Liberal Party.
Cook served as Defence Minister in Deakin's 1909-10 ministry, then succeded Deakin as Liberal leader when the government was defeated by Labor in the 1910 elections. He had by this time become completely philosophically opposed to socialism, and he was an effective critic of Andrew Fisher's Labor government. At the 1913 elections he won a one-seat majority in the House of Representatives, while Labor retained a majority in the Senate.
Unable to govern effectively without control of the Senate, Cook decided to bring about a double dissolution election under the terms of the Australian Constitution. He introduced a bill abolishing preferential employment for trade union members in the public service, a bill he knew the Senate would reject. He then sought and obtained a double dissolution of the Parliament from the Governor-General.
Unfortunately for Cook, World War I broke out in the middle of the election campaign for the September 1914 election. Fisher was able to remind the voters that it was Labor which had favoured an independent Australian defence force, which the conservatives had opposed. Cook was defeated and Fisher resumed office.
In 1916 the Labor government split when Fisher's successor, Billy Hughes, tried to introduce conscription. Cook agreed to become Hughes's deputy in the new Nationalist Party, and became Minister for the Navy in Hughes's government. The Nationalists had huge victories in the 1917 and 1919 elections. Cook was Treasurer (finance minister) 1920-21, and was knighted in 1920.
Cook quit politics in 1921 and was appointed Australian High Commissioner in London, where he served with distinction until 1927. He returned to Sydney and lived quietly until his death in 1947.

Preceded by:
Andrew Fisher Prime Ministers of Australia Followed by:
Andrew Fisher

Further reading

G Bebbington, Pit Boy to Prime Minister, University of Keele, no date (quite rare but the only attempt at a Cook biography to date)
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Joseph Cook."

Synonyms: Cook

Synonyms: fake (v), falsify (v), fix (v), fudge (v), make (v), manipulate (v), misrepresent (v), prepare (v), ready (v), wangle (v). (additional references)

Synonyms within Context: Cook

Context	Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus).
Accounts	Falsify an account, garble an account, cook an account, cook the books, doctor an account.
Calefaction	Boil, digest, stew, cook, seethe, scald, parboil, simmer; do to rags.
Falsehood	Garble, gloss over, disguise, give a color to; give a gloss, put a gloss, put false coloring upon; color, varnish, cook, dress up, embroider; varnish right and puzzle wrong; exaggerate; blague.
Improvement	Touch up, rub up, brush up, furbish up, bolster up, vamp up, brighten up, warm up; polish, cook, make the most of, set off to advantage; prune; repair; (restore); put in order; (arrange).
Preparation	Elaborate, mature, ripen, mellow, season, bring to maturity; nurture; (aid); hatch, cook, brew; temper, anneal, smelt; barbecue; infumate; maturate. equip, arm, man; fit-out, fit up; furnish, rig, dress, garnish, betrim, accouter, array, fettle, fledge; dress up, furbish up, brush up, vamp up; refurbish; sharpen one's tools, trim one's foils, set, prime, attune; whet the knife, whet the sword; wind up, screw up; adjust; (fit); put in trim, put in train, put in gear, put in working order, put in tune, put in a groove for, put in harness; pack.
Receptacle	Attic, loft, garret, clerestory; cellar, vault, hold, cockpit; cubbyhole; cook house; entre-sol; mezzanine floor; ground floor, rez-de-chaussee; basement, kitchen, pantry, bawarchi-khana, scullery, offices; storeroom; (depository); lumber room; dairy, laundry.
Servant	Maid, maidservant; handmaid; confidente, lady's maid, abigail, soubrette; amah, biddy, nurse, bonne, ayah; nursemaid, nursery maid, house maid, parlor maid, waiting maid, chamber maid, kitchen maid, scullery maid; femme de chambre, femme fille; camarista; chef de cuisine,cordon bleu, cook, scullion, Cinderella; potwalloper; maid of all work, servant of all work; laundress, bedmaker; journeyman, charwoman; (worker); bearer, chokra, gyp, hamal, scout.
Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus.

Crosswords: Cook

English words defined with "cook": bake, Banks, barbecue, baster, blanch, boil, boil down, Botany Bay, braise, broil ♦ chafing dish, chef, coddle, concentrate, concoct, cook out, cook up, Cookee, cookie, Cookmaid, cooky, Cordon bleu ♦ deep-fry, do the dishes ♦ french-fry, frittata, Fry, fry cook ♦ griddle, grill ♦ hibachi ♦ Kitcat ♦ lard, let alone, live out ♦ Mallon, Mary Mallon, micro-cook, microwave ♦ not to mention, nuke ♦ oven broil, overcook ♦ parboil, Pastry cook, Peacock fish, plank, poach, Potch, precook, preserver, pressure-cook ♦ Recoct, reduce, resourceful, roast, roaster ♦ seasoner, Sir Joseph Banks, sleep out, souse, steam, steamer, stew ♦ terra cotta, Trencher-man, Typhoid Mary ♦ Underdo, unthawed ♦ wash up, whip up, whomp up ♦ zap. (references)

Specialty definitions using "cook": COLD COOK, cook blender, COOK RUFFIAN, Cook your Goose, COOK, BARBECUE, COOK, BREAKFAST, COOK, DOG-AND-CAT FOOD, COOK, HEAD, SCHOOL CAFETERIA, cook, pastry, cook, pie, COOK, RAILROAD, COOK, SPECIALTY, COOK, SYRUP MAKER, COOK, THIRD, COOK, VACUUM KETTLE ♦ head cook, school ♦ LABORER, COOK HOUSE ♦ SECOND COOK AND BAKER. (references)

Etymologies containing "cook": Pumpkin. (references)

Non-English Usage: "Cook" is also a word in the following language with the English translation in parentheses.

German (cook).

Modern Usage: Cook

Domain	Usage
Screenplays	Only a toon could cook up that lame brain freeway idea (Who Framed Roger Rabbit; writing credit: Gary K. Wolf; Jeffrey Price) Bring the dog, I love animals I'm a great cook. (Fatal Attraction; writing credit: James Dearden; Nicholas Meyer) But look what happened to the cook! (Clue; writing credit: Jonathan Lynn.) You, you've just tried to shoot cook! (Oliver Twist; writing credit: Alan Bleasdale; Charles Dickens) Sure, you cook & I'll eat (Saved by the Bell; writing credit: Ana Maria Moretzsohn)
Lyrics	I got girls that can cook, I got girls that can clean, ("All My Rowdy Friends Are Coming Over Tonight"; performing artist: Hank Williams Jr.) I'm a pretty good cook (RAISED ON ROBBERY; performing artist: Joni Mitchell) And when I cook him dinner and I burn it black (Any Man Of Mine; performing artist: Shania Twain) You cook so well, all nice and French (Little Miss Can't Be Wrong; performing artist: Spin Doctors) The monkeys in the pentagon are gonna cook our goose (Happy Birthday; performing artist: Weird Al Yankovic)
Clever	Pennsylvania: Cook With Coal (references; author: unknown)
Tongue Twisters	A cupcake cook in a cupcake cook's cap cooks cupcakes. (references; author: unknown) How many cuckoos could a good cook cook if a cook could cook cuckoos. (references; author: unknown)
Movie/TV Titles	My Kingdom for a Cook (1943) If You Could Only Cook (1935) Smith's Cook (1927) The Cook (1918) Lost: A Cook (1917)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Commercial Usage: Cook

Domain	Title
References	D.C. Cook Holdings Plc.: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (reference) Wade Cook Financial Corporation: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (reference) Thomas Cook (India) Limited: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (reference) A Strategic Profile of Cook Islands,1999 edition (reference) The 2001 Cook Islands Economic and Product Market Databook (reference) (more reference examples)

Books	She Is the Darkness (Glittering Stone/Glen Cook, Bk 2) (reference) A New Way to Cook (reference) Better Homes and Gardens New Crockery Cooker Cook Book (reference) How to Cook Everything: Simple Recipes for Great Food (reference) How to Cook Without a Book: Recipes and Techniques Every Cook Should Know by Heart (reference) (more book examples)

Periodicals	Cook County Jury Verdict Reporter - Financial Malpractice (reference) Cook Political Report (reference) Thomas Cook European Timetable (reference) (more periodical examples)

Theater & Movies	The Cook, the Thief, His Wife and Her Lover (reference) (more DVD examples; more video examples)

Music	Barbara Cook Sings Mostly Sondheim (Live at Carnegie Hall 2001) [LIVE] (reference) (more classical music examples; more popular music examples)

High Tech	SIERRA ATTRACTIONS Master Cook Deluxe 6.0 for Windows (reference) Cook N for Every Holiday (reference) (more camera examples; more video game examples; more computer examples; more electronic examples; more software examples)

Consumer Goods	Farberware Cook 'N Ease 10-Piece Set (reference) (more baby examples; more wireless phone examples; more garden examples; more kitchen examples; more tool examples)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Image Slideshow: Cook

Photo Album: Cook

Thumbnail	Description & Credit	Thumbnail	Description & Credit
	3-D image from NOAA Exclusive Economic Zone Mapping Project Seamounts south of Hawaiian Islands Image is 30 nautical miles by approximately 50 nautical miles View #1 of Cook Seamount area. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection.		Hydrotrac navigation system antenna in lower Cook Inlet Party off of PATHFINDER. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection.
	Augustine Volcano in Lower Cook Inlet. Credit: America's Coastlines.		Cape Douglas at the southwest end of Cook Inlet. Credit: America's Coastlines.
	Chow hall at Point Pitt. Lynn Morgan, in apron, was a great cook. Credit: Paths Less Taken - NOAA at the Ends of the Earth.		Cruising up Cook Inlet - looking at the east side of the inlet. Credit: Paths Less Taken - NOAA at the Ends of the Earth.
	Chief Cook Doretha and 2nd Cook Sarah Satterfield prepare another fine meal in the ship's galley. Credit: Sailing for Science - the NOAA Fleet Then and Now.		Col. Kelly Cook.
	Anita DeWulf, Clinton County SWCD Commissioner; Warren Cook, Clinton Co. SWCD Commissioner; Connie Ramirez, NRCS District Conservationist; Audrey DeScheppper, technician; Jerry Mall; and Helen Atkinson, Muscatine County SWCD Secretary, discuss local conse. Credit: Tim McCabe.		NRCS SDC K.D. Cook and cooperator measuring utilization in a rotational grazing system and inputing information into his conservation plan. Washington County, Virginia. Credit: Jeff Vanuga.
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.

Digital Photo Gallery: Cook


"Gas tank" by Eduardo Del Río P. Commentary: "Common in Mexico, we use a lot gas LP to warm the water for bath, to cook, etc."	"Waterjet rainbow" by Dennis Bale Commentary: "Sunlight creates a rainbow in the Captain Cook Waterjet, Canberra Australia."
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers.

Sounds Captioned with "Cook".

Play	Caption
	Bubbling; cooking; pasta; sauce; cook; food; cuisine; restaurant; Italian.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Familiar Quotations: Cook

Author	Quotation
Dan Cook	The opera ain't over till the fat lady sings.
Eliza Cook	Who would not rather trust and be deceived?
	Though language forms the preacher, 'Tis ''good works'' make the man.
	Better build schoolrooms for ''the boy,'' than cells and gibbets for ''the man.''
	Oh, how cruelly sweet are the echoes that start when memory plays an old tune on the heart!
Hector Hugh Munro	The cook was a good cook, as cooks go; and as cooks go, she went.
James R. Cook	You are never giving, nor can you ever give, enough service.
	I had ambition not only to go farther than any man had ever been before, but as far as it was possible for a man to go.
William Shakespeare	'Tis an ill cook that cannot lick his own fingers.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

Use in Literature: Cook

Title	Author	Quote
Les Miserables	Hugo, Victor	One day a proud cook, with a blue sash, of the lofty race of porters, presented herself
Time Enough for Love	Robert Heinlein	A human being should be able to change a diaper, plan an invasion, butcher a hog, conn a ship, design a building, write a sonnet, balance accounts, build a wall, set a bone, comfort the dying, take orders, give orders, cooperate, act alone, solve equations, analyze a new problem, pitch manure, program a computer, cook a tasty meal, fight efficiently, die gallantly
Grapes of Wrath	Steinbeck, John	Taking orders in a soft low voice, calling them to the cook with a screech like a peacock
Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

Non-Fiction Usage: Cook

Subject	Topic	Quote
Health		I never cook when alone. (references)
		Cook wild game meat thoroughly. (references)
		Cook all poultry products thoroughly. (references)
Business		Leading tour operators offering packages to the U.S. are Al Tayer, MMI, Thomas Cook, Emirates Holidays and Airlink. (references)
		The native New Zealanders (Maori) and Pacific Islanders from the Cook Islands and Samoa make-up most of this country’s Polynesian population. (references)
		The Canadian commercial cooking equipment industry includes all types of equipment used in restaurants and commercial kitchens to cook and heat up foods and prepare beverages. (references)
Economic History	Vanuatu	In 1774, Captain Cook named the islands the New Hebrides, a name that lasted until independence. (references)
	Australia	James Cook claimed it for Great Britain in 1770. At that time, the native population may have numbered 300,000 in as many as 500 tribes speaking many different languages. (references)
	New Zealand	New Zealand administers the Tokelau Islands and provides foreign policy and economic support when requested for the freely associated self-governing states of the Cook Islands and Niue. (references)
Human Rights	Guatemala	The court acquitted Margarita Lopez, the Bishop's cook. (references)
	Spain	On January 26, an ETA bomb explosion killed a navy cook in San Sebastian. (references)
Political Economy	New Zealand	The Government generally respected the human rights of citizens living in its territories of Tokelau, Niue, and Cook Islands. (references)
Political Rights	New Zealand	Of the 25 members of the Cook Islands Parliament, 2 are women. (references)
	New Zealand	The percentage of women in government and politics in the dependent territories of the Cook Islands, Tokelau, and Niue does not correspond to their percentage of the population. (references)
Worker Rights	New Zealand	Industrial relations in the Cook Islands are governed by a simplified version of national legislation. (references)
Lexicography	Devil's Dictionary	TECHNICALITY, n. In an English court a man named Home was tried for slander in having accused his neighbor of murder. His exact words were: "Sir Thomas Holt hath taken a cleaver and stricken his cook upon the head, so that one side of the head fell upon one shoulder and the other side upon the other shoulder." The defendant was acquitted by instruction of the court, the learned judges holding that the words did not charge murder, for they did not affirm the death of the cook, that being only an inference.
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

Spoken Usage: Cook

Speaker	Phrase(s)
Andrew Weil	Rosie eats some poultry. We're not in total agreement. I eat a lot of fresh foods. Even when I'm by myself, I cook for myself.
Bob Woodward	That indeed is the case. Robin Cook, you have to salute any resignation on principle because it's so rare. It just doesn't happen that often.
Dennis Miller	As a matter of fact, you don't even have to cook the books any more.
Julia Child	Well, because I've done a lot of television, I'm sort of a generalist. I'm not a pastry cook, but I've had to learn a certain amount about it. I'm not a baker, though I've had to learn how to do it. I'm sort of a general cook.
Martha Stewart	I cook. I still clean. I iron. But I iron because I want to know what it really takes to iron now. I just got myself one of those big new hotel ironing machines that can iron, you know, five napkins at the same time in one big sheet.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Speeches: Cook

Speaker	Term	Phrase(s)
John Quincy Adams	1825-1829	One hundred expeditions of circumnavigation like those of Cook and La Prouse would not burden the exchequer of the nation fitting them out so much as the ways and means of defraying a single campaign in war.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

Usage Frequency: Cook

"Cook" is generally used as a lexical verb (infinitive) -- approximately 30.10% of the time. "Cook" is used about 2,778 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)

Parts of Speech	Percent	Usage per 100 Million Words	Rank in English
Lexical Verb (infinitive)	30.1%	836	8,408
Noun (proper)	29.74%	826	8,477
Noun (singular)	26.39%	733	9,227
Lexical Verb (base form)	12.48%	347	15,353
Noun (common)	1.26%	35	58,339
Unclassified Items	0.04%	1	339,140
Total	100.00%	2,778	N/A

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

Name Usage Frequency: Cook

The following table summarizes the usage of "cook" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified.

Name	Usage/Gender	Usage per 100 million Persons	Rank in USA
Cook	Last name	120,000	56
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

Derived & Related Names: Cook

The following table summarizes names derived from the word "cook".
Name	Gender	Language	Meaning
Tebah	N/A	Biblical	A cook
Tibbath	N/A	Biblical	A cook
Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

Usage in Company Names: Cook

Country	Name	Country	Name
India	Thomas Cook (India) Limited	United Kingdom	D.C. Cook Holdings Plc.
USA	Wade Cook Financial Corporation
	(more examples...)

Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.

Cities: Cook

1. Cook, MN (city, FIPS 13006)
Location: 47.85308 N, 92.68805 W
Population (1990): 680 (308 housing units)
Area: 2.0 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water)
Zip Code(s): 55723
Country: USA

2. Cook, NE (village, FIPS 10390)
Location: 40.51031 N, 96.16123 W
Population (1990): 333 (171 housing units)
Area: 0.4 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water)
Zip Code(s): 68329
Country: USA

3. Cook, WA
Zip Code(s): 98605
Country: USA

Expressions: Cook

Expressions using "cook": assistant female cook ♦ captain Cook ♦ captain James Cook ♦ cook again ♦ cook an account ♦ cook book ♦ cook by gas ♦ cook County ♦ cook Falls ♦ cook for ♦ cook house ♦ cook in ♦ cook Islands ♦ cook meat ♦ cook nourishing food ♦ cook out ♦ cook Station ♦ cook the books ♦ cook to a rag ♦ cook to rags ♦ cook up ♦ cook with butter ♦ cook with gas ♦ cook wrasse ♦ COOK(CHOH)2 COOK ♦ female cook ♦ fry cook ♦ fry not cook ♦ head cook ♦ James Cook ♦ male cook ♦ man cook ♦ Mc Cook ♦ Mount Cook lily ♦ pastry cook ♦ rock cook ♦ ship's cook ♦ short order cook ♦ slow cook ♦ to cook up ♦ woman cook. Additional references.
Hyphenated Usage
	Beginning with "cook": cook-book, cook-books, cook-boy, cook-chill, cook-galley, cook-general, Cook-gordon, Cook-gumperz, cook-house, cook-housekeeper, cook-housekeeper-secretary, cook-in, cook-in-sauce, cook-maid, cook-maids, cook-off, cook-offs, cook-out, cook-pots, cook-proprietress, cook-room, cook-shop, cook-supervisor, cook-table, cook-up.
	Ending with "cook": under-cook.
	Containing "cook": oh-cook-cook-oo-oo, ready-to-cook food.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Frequency of Internet Keywords: Cook

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.

Expression	Frequency per Day	Expression	Frequency per Day
cook book	4,926	betty crocker cook book	165
cook island	2,243	thomas cook travel	163
thomas cook	1,571	cook island hotel	158
cook	1,349	robin cook	157
rachael leigh cook	1,169	free cook book	156
anarchy cook book	706	captain cook	154
cook county	630	captain james cook	149
dane cook	502	child cook hospital	148
cook county assessor	359	brian cook	141
cook county jail	338	cook county cheetah	139
cook forest	266	thomas cook holiday <