BIOFILMS

Domain	Definition
Health	Films of bacteria or other microbial organisms, usually embedded in extracellular polymers such as implanted medical devices, which adhere to surfaces submerged in, or subjected to, aquatic environments (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed). Biofilms consist of multilayers of microbial cells glued together to form microbial communities which are highly resistant to both phagocytes and antibiotics. (references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Commercial Usage: BIOFILMS

Domain	Title
Books	Methods in Enzymology, Volume 337: Microbial Growth in Biofilms, Part B: Special Environments and Physicochemical Aspects (reference) Oral Biofilms and Plaque Control (reference) (more book examples)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Photo Album: BIOFILMS

Thumbnail	Description & Credit	Thumbnail	Description & Credit
	Aquatic bacteria were grown as biofilm on steel for one week. Biofilms are colonies of microorganisms that attach and grow on a solid surface that has been exposed to water. Credit: CDC.		A distinguishing characteristic of biofilms is the presence of extracellular polymeric substances, primarily polysaccharides, surrounding and encasing the cells. Here, these polysaccharides have been visualized by scanning electron microscopy. Credit: CDC.
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.

Frequency of Internet Keywords: BIOFILMS

Anagrams: BIOFILMS

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams
	Words within the letters "b-f-i-i-l-m-o-s"
	-2 letters: limbos, obiism.
	-3 letters: boils, films, filos, foils, limbi, limbo, limbs, limos, milos, moils.
	-4 letters: bios, boil, fibs, film, filo, fils, fobs, foil, ibis, libs, limb, limo, lobs, mibs, milo, mils, miso, mobs, moil, mols, obis, oils, silo, slim, slob, soil, soli.
	-5 letters: bio, bis, bos, fib, fil, fob, ifs, ism, lib, lis, lob, mib.
	Words containing the letters "b-f-i-i-l-m-o-s"
	+2 letters: myofibrils.
	+4 letters: microfibrils.
	+5 letters: formabilities, myelofibrosis.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

Alternative Orthography: BIOFILMS

Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)

American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)

⁼

Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)

Braille (1829, in France) (references)

Morse Code (1836) (references)

Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)

Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)

HTML Code (1990) (references)

ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)

British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)

Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)

Expression	Frequency per Day
biofilms	21
biofilms ecm	17
biofilms distribution in system water	3
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Specialty Definition: BIOFILMS