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Definition: Beautiful |
BeautifulAdjective1. Delighting the senses or exciting intellectual or emotional admiration; "a beautiful child"; "beautiful country"; "a beautiful painting"; "a beautiful theory"; "a beautiful party". 2. Aesthetically pleasing. 3. (of weather) highly enjoyable; "what a beautiful day". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "beautiful" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1010. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Literature | Beautiful Beautiful or fair as an angel. Throughout the Middle Ages it was common to associate beauty with virtue, and ugliness with sin; hence the expressions given above, and the following also - "Seraphic beauty," "Cherubic loveliness," "Ugly as sin," etc. Source: Brewer's Dictionary. |
Tips from 1870 | Usage: Beautifully, Beautiful. After verbs of seeing, feeling, tasting, and smelling, the adverb is often incorrectly used for the adjective. "The colonel looked handsomely in his military dress," "I feel splendidly to-day," "This peach tastes badly," "The rose smells sweetly," are incorrect. Use handsome for handsomely, very well or in good spirits for splendidly, tastes bad or has a disagreeable taste for badly, and sweet for sweetly. Source: Slips of Speech. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Beauty is visual pleasantness of a person, animal, object or scene, and also pleasantness of sound, especially music.
Understanding the nature and meaning of beauty is one of the key themes in the philosophical discipline known as aesthetics.
Decoration is an object or act to increase beauty of a person, room, etc.; see also Interior decoration. It may also be something that is an honor to get, see List of prizes, medals, and awards.
A common theory says that beauty is the appearance of things and people that are good. This has many supporting examples. Most of us judge healthy, symmetric, fertile or virile human beings as beautiful. Symmetry may be important because it is evidence that the person grew up in a healthy way, from without visible genetic defects. One traditional, subtle feature that is considered an indication of beautiful women in all cultures is a waist-to-hip ratio of about 75%. The waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) theory was discovered by psychologist Dr. Devendra Singh of the University of Texas at Austin. Physiologists have shown that this ratio accurately indicates most womens' fertility. Traditionally, in premodern ages when food was more scarce, fat people were judged more attractive than slender.
"Beauty as goodness" still has whole classes of significant counterexamples with no agreed solution. These include such things as a glacier, or a ruggedly dry desert mountain range. Many people find beauty in hostile nature, but this seems bad, or at least unrelated to any sense of goodness. Another type of counterexample are comic or sarcastic works of art, which can be good, but are rarely beautiful.
It is well known that people's skills develop and change their sense of beauty. Carpenters may view an out-of-true building as ugly, and many master carpenters can see out-of-true angles as small as half a degree. Many musicians can likewise hear as dissonant a tone that's high or low by as little as two percent of the distance to the next note. Most people have similar aesthetics about the work or hobbies they've mastered.
The earliest theory of beauty can be found in the works of early Greek philosophers from the presocratic period, like Pythagoras. The extant writings attributed to Pythagoras reveal that the Pythagorean school, if not Pythagoras himself, saw a strong connection between mathematics and beauty. In particular, they noted that objects proportioned according to the golden ratio seemed more attractive. Some modern research seems to confirm this, in that people whose facial features are symmetric and proportioned according the golden ratio are consistently ranked as more attractive than those whose faces are not.
Another connection between mathematics and beauty which played a prominent role in Pythagoras's philosophy was the way in which musical tones can be arranged in mathematical sequences, which repeat at regular intervals called octaves.
Beauty contests claim to be able to judge beauty. The millihelen is sometimes jokingly defined as the scientific unit of human beauty. This derives from the legend of Helen of Troy as presented in Christopher Marlowe's Doctor Faustus, in which her beauty was said to have launched a thousand ships. The millihelen is therefore the degree of beauty that can launch one ship.
A survey conducted by London Guildhall University of 11,000 people showed that (subjectively) good-looking people earn more. Less attractive people earned, on average, 13% less than more attractive people. While the penalty for overweight was around 5%.
More needs to be said about this, but it contains most of the useful information from the notes that were here before.
See also aesthetics, wabi-sabi, sexual attraction, human physical appearance, mathematical beauty
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Beauty."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Mathematicians derive aesthetic pleasure from their work, and from mathematics in general. Sometimes mathematicians describe mathematics as an art form or, at a minimum, as a creative activity. Comparisons are often made with music and poetry.Mathematicians tend to see beauty in mathematical results which establish connections between two areas of mathematics which at first sight appear to be totally independent. A good example of this is Euler's identity, called "the most remarkable formula in mathematics" by Feynman, for relating all the critical constants (0, 1, e, i, pi) and operations (equality, addition/subtraction, multiplication/division, and exponentation/roots) in a neat formula. This is widely recognized to have a property that mathematics professors often describe as beautiful, elegant or important.
Such results may be obtained by clever, unconventional or innovative means, but these three terms are not used interchangeably, and not every mathematical result is described in these terms. Just as often, results or calculations are called ugly, clumsy, pedestrian, conversely, such results are usually correct, but are obtained by laborious, conventional, or even kludgy means.
The statement that a specific mathematical result is beautiful is rarely seen in published mathematical research, but this is a result of the modern emphasis on impersonality. Classic mathematical works from as late as the 19th century are often written in a very personal style and contain grandiose statements which the modern reader would classify as anything from quaint to preposterous, or in any case more appropriate to writing popularizations. This is true of most scientific writing. It is also true of most bad writing. Whether this style is reasonably a form of literature or theology is quite difficult to say.
In ancient ages famous mathematicians such as Pythagoras (and his entire philosophical school) believed in the literal reality of numbers. Indeed, the discovery of irrational numbers was a great shock for them - they considered the existence of numbers not expressable as the ratio of two natural numbers to be a terrible flaw in nature. Indeed, from the modern perspective Pythagoras was as much a numerologist as a mathematician, and his treatment of numbers was more like that of a religious believer than of a modern mathematician - including his dealing with heresy: he reputedly drowned a student in a barrel for revealing irrational numbers.
Another example is Archimedes, who was so impressed by one of his own theorems that he asked that a representation of it be used as his epitaph. He is also reputed to have been killed by a soldier for ignoring him to concentrate on diagrams he was drawing with a stick in the sand.
About the relationship between art and mathematics, one may say that ancient Egyptians and Greeks knew the golden ratio, regarded as an aesthetically pleasing ratio, often used when building monuments (e.g., the Parthenon). The pentagram so popular among the Pythagoreans also contains the golden mean. Recent studies showed that the Golden ratio plays a role in human perception of beauty, as in body shapes and faces. Johannes Kepler believed that the regular solids (tetrahedron, cube, dodecahedron) were important to the organizing of the Solar System before finding the even-more-elegant solution of the elliptical orbit. So it is hard to say that beliefs of this sort play no role in science or should not be in philosophy of science.
Ludwig Boltzmann and Carl Friedrich Gauss also requested that their most famous theorems be used as an epitaph, in the forms of Boltzmann's equation and a 17-sided polygon, respectively. This is more clearly like a religion.
The use of mathematics to describe or derive other art is now common:
The work of M. C. Escher is plenty of impossible constructions, made using geometrical objects that cannot exist but are pleasant to the human sight. Relationship between the work of Goedel (mathematician), Escher (painter) and Bach (music) is explained in Goedel, Escher, Bach, a Pulitzer Prize-winning book.
In the modern industry of computer animation, fractals play a key role in modelling mountains, fire, trees and a other natural objetcs. See fractal art for examples about the use of this mathematical objects with only aesthetical motivations.
A recent study published in Scientific American (December 2002) shows that an interesting property in Jackson Pollock's art is that his works have a fractal dimension, which make them different from purely random strokes.
The association of mathematics and architecture is particularly notable as the latter employs the former in its search for beauty, truth and the absolute, however elusive these qualities may be.
See also
- elegance
- Mathematical fetishism
Further reading
- G. H. Hardy, A Mathematician's Apology ISBN 0521427061
- H.-O. Peitgen and P.H. Richter, The Beauty of Fractals ISBN 0387158510
External Links
- Is Mathematics Beautiful?
- Links Concerning Beauty and Mathematics
- Mathematics and Beauty
- Fractals by Davka
- The Beauty of Mathematics
- Order in Pollock's Chaos
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Mathematical beauty."
Synonyms: BeautifulSynonyms: charming, delightful, elegant, fair, graceful, lovely, pretty. (additional references) |
| Antonym: ugly (adj). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Beauty | Verb: be beautiful; Adjective: shine, beam, bloom; become one; (accord); set off, grace. |
Render beautiful; Adjective: beautify; polish, burnish; gild; (decorate); set out. | |
Noun: beauty, the beautiful, gr/to kalon/gr, le beau ideal. | |
Adjective: beautiful, beauteous; handsome; gorgeous; pretty; lovely, graceful, elegant, prepossessing; attractive; (inviting); delicate, dainty, refined; fair, personable, comely, seemly; bonny; good-looking; well-favored, well-made, well-formed, well-proportioned; proper, shapely; symmetrical; (regular); harmonious; (color); sightly. | |
Fashion | Man of fashion, woman of fashion, man of the world, woman of the world; height of fashion, pink of fashion, star of fashion, glass of fashion, leader of fashion; arbiter elegantiarum; (taste); the beautiful people, the fashion set, upper ten thousand; (nobility); elite; (distinction); smart set; the four hundred; in crowd. |
Pain | Charming; delightful, felicitous, exquisite; lovely; (beautiful); ravishing, rapturous; heartfelt, thrilling, ecstatic; beatic; beatific; seraphic; empyrean; elysian; (heavenly). |
Symmetry | Adjective: symmetrical, shapely, well set, finished; beautiful; classic, chaste, severe. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Beautiful |
| Specialty definitions using "beautiful": Beautiful gate, Beautiful Parricide. (references) |
| Etymologies containing "beautiful": Pulchritude. (references) |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | Suck me beautiful! (American Pie; writing credit: Adam Herz) Why is it that all the beautiful ones are homicidal maniacs (Batman & Robin; writing credit: Akiva Goldsman) Because it's beautiful. (American Beauty; writing credit: Alan Ball) Thats a beautiful name (Fletch; writing credit: Andrew Bergman. Based on the novel by Gregory McDonald.) They had forgotten the first lesson, that we are to be powerful, beautiful, and without regret (Interview with the Vampire: The Vampire Chronicles; writing credit: Anne Rice) | |
Lyrics | When you're in love with a beautiful woman you look for lies (When You're in Love With a Beautiful Woman; performing artist: Dr Hook) Beautiful me, pitiful you (Too Beautiful; performing artist: Heart) And all the lessons we will learn will be beautiful and strange (Beautiful In My Eyes; performing artist: JOSHUA KADISON) If you were the last beautiful girl (Last Beautiful Girl; performing artist: Matchbox 20) It's a beautiful day (Beautiful Day; performing artist: U2) | |
Clever | A fair face may fade, but a beautiful soul last forever. (references; author: unknown) Today's beautiful moments are tomorrow's beautiful memories. (references; author: unknown) A dancer goes quick on her beautiful legs; a duck goes quack on her beautiful eggs. (references; author: unknown) Love, like paint, can make things beautiful when you spread it, but it simply dries up when you don't use it. (references; author: unknown) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Beautiful (2002) The Badge and the Beautiful (1974) Animals Are Beautiful People (1974) The Most Beautiful Animal in the World (1974) Oh! You Beautiful Doll (1973) | |
Song Titles | Beautiful Zelda (performing artist: The Bonzo Dog Band) BEAUTIFUL IN MY EYES (performing artist: JOSHUA KADISON) Beautiful Stranger (performing artist: Madonna) Last Beautiful Girl (performing artist: Matchbox 20) The Most Beautiful Girl In The World (performing artist: Prince) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
Books |
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Periodicals | |||
Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
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High Tech |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | The Hubble telescope's infrared vision is providing a dramatic new look at the beautiful Orion ... Credit: NASA. |  | Strangely glowing dark clouds float serenely in this remarkable and beautiful image taken with ... Credit: NASA. |
 | Photo #6 of 8. Having reached the "buster" molt stage, a Maryland blue crab , Callinectes sapidus, sheds its shell. The genus and species mean tasty beautiful swimmer. Credit: America's Coastlines. |  | Photo #7 of 8. Having reached the "buster" molt stage, a Maryland blue crab , Callinectes sapidus, sheds its shell. The genus and species mean tasty beautiful swimmer. Credit: America's Coastlines. |
 | What beautiful dogs!. Credit: Paths Less Taken - NOAA at the Ends of the Earth. |  | Beautiful frost patterns develop on the windows of the Clean Air Facility. Credit: Paths Less Taken - NOAA at the Ends of the Earth. |
 | The draft horses used to haul woody debris at the restoration site were gentle and beautiful as well as less costly than heavy machinery. Credit: NOAA Restoration Center. |  | A beautiful clump of "pickle-weed or Salicornia grows in a rocky tidal pool in Prudence Island. Credit: NOAA Restoration Center. |
 | North Inlet - Winyah Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve. Two varieties of the succulent salt marsh glasswort, Salicornia sp., that turn a beautiful red in the fall. Credit: National Estuarine Research Reserve System (NERR). |  | A beautiful area that was suggested as part of the National Estuarine Research Reserve system. Credit: National Estuarine Research Reserve System (NERR). |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "Beautiful Dolphins" by Erling Andersen Commentary: "This might be one of the most beautiful pictures I've ever snapped. The face of the foremost dolphin is actually reconstructed - as the picture originally ended at his neck." | "Old but beautiful" by Harald Wittmaack Commentary: "This old but really wonderful house was shot in Croatia in a small village near Porec (Sorry can't remember the excat name of the village)." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Author | Quotation |
Elliot Paul. | Patience makes a woman beautiful in middle age. |
Horace | Nothing's beautiful from every point of view. |
John Dryden | All heiresses are beautiful. |
John Ruskin | Nothing can be beautiful which is not true. |
MoliFre | Gold makes the ugly beautiful. |
Percy Bysshe Shelley | Familiar acts are beautiful through love. |
Ralph Waldo Emerson | Tennyson is a beautiful half of a poet. |
Walt Whitman | The beautiful uncut hair of graves. |
| Nothing can happen more beautiful than death. | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. | 1963 | With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. (Delivered on the steps at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C. on August 28, 1961) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
The Little Prince | Antoine de Saint-Exupery | What makes the desert beautiful is that somewhere it hides a well |
Sylvie and Bruno Concluded | Carroll, Lewis | On he speeds, never wasting a wordlet, Though thoughtlets cling, closely as wax, To the spot where the beautiful birdlet So quietly quacks |
The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy | Douglas Adams | Beautiful, charming, devastatingly intelligent, at last I'd got her to myself for a bit and was plying her with a bit of talk when this friend of yours barges up and says 'Hey doll, is this guy boring you |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | This woman, hardly thirty years old, a beautiful brunette, stared wildly with her large black eyes |
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man | Joyce, James | Lavender and cream and pink roses were beautiful to think of. |
Time Enough for Love | Robert Heinlein | Always tell her she is beautiful, especially if she is not. |
Grapes of Wrath | Steinbeck, John | Then suddenly a pass, and below the beautiful valley, below orchards and vineyards and little houses, and in the distance a city |
Walden | Thoreau, Henry David | The cart before the horse is neither beautiful nor useful |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Finally, the patient tries to relax his or her whole body. Many people imagine a peaceful scene—such as lying on the beach or by a beautiful lake. Passive relaxation does not involve tensing of muscles. (references) | |
Business | The U.S. is seen as “modern, advanced and beautiful. (references) | |
Economic History | Monaco | The principality is noted for its beautiful natural scenery and mild, sunny climate. (references) |
Solomon Islands | The smaller islands are atolls and raised coral reefs, often spectacularly beautiful. (references) | |
Mexico | The state capital, also known as Guanajuato, is a beautiful historic city full of colonial architecture. (references) | |
Travel | Kenya | COUNTRY DESCRIPTION: Kenya is a developing east African country known for its wildlife and beautiful national parks. (references) |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | DEPUTY, n. A male relative of an office-holder, or of his bondsman. The deputy is commonly a beautiful young man, with a red necktie and an intricate system of cobwebs extending from his nose to his desk. When accidentally struck by the janitor's broom, he gives off a cloud of dust. "Chief Deputy," the Master cried, "To-day the books are to be tried By experts and accountants who Have been commissioned to go through Our office here, to see if we Have stolen injudiciously. Please have the proper entries made, The proper balances displayed, Conforming to the whole amount Of cash on hand -- which they will count. I've long admired your punctual way -- Here at the break and close of day, Confronting in your chair the crowd Of business men, whose voices loud And gestures violent you quell By some mysterious, calm spell -- Some magic lurking in your look That brings the noisiest to book And spreads a holy and profound Tranquillity o'er all around. So orderly all's done that they Who came to draw remain to pay. But now the time demands, at last, That you employ your genius vast In energies more active. Rise And shake the lightnings from your eyes; Inspire your underlings, and fling Your spirit into everything!" The Master's hand here dealt a whack Upon the Deputy's bent back, When straightway to the floor there fell A shrunken globe, a rattling shell A blackened, withered, eyeless head! The man had been a twelvemonth dead. Jamrach Holobom |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Ann Richards | What breaks your heart is that it is such a jewel, Havana is so beautiful. The architecture just takes your breath away. It is just crumbling, you know, really sad. |
Art Linkletter | He'd be a little surprised at some of it. But it's beautiful what's out there. In fact, they got a new show down at Adventure Land called Aladin that he would be delighted with. It's one of the best shows I've ever seen. |
Dennis Miller | Hey, folks, every parent thinks their children are the most beautiful, the nicest, and the most talented in the world. |
Gerald Ford | On occasion, but not often. It's a beautiful, beautiful residence, and people there make it so comfortable. And if you enjoy the challenges I don't think you ever really feel lonesome. |
Joe Esposito | Graceland. Place he always to bought it for his mother. That was very important to him. Beautiful place. Nice place. He loved being there. |
Julie Andrews | Oh, because I think it's an everybody lives happily ever after story. It's got some thrills and adventures. It's got tons of fun. Beautiful scenery. Nuns. I mean, everything. |
Margaret Thatcher | I love Chicago. And also, of course, it has the most marvelous art gallery, and some lovely impressionist painting. Absolutely beautiful, and it's a lovely city. |
Rush Limbaugh | Go drive around in the UK and look at the beautiful private hospitals. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
Lyndon B. Johnson | 1963-1969 | More ideas for a beautiful America will emerge from a White House Conference on Natural Beauty which I will soon call. |
George Bush | 1989-1993 | For democracy belongs to us all, and freedom is like a beautiful kite that can go higher and higher with the breeze. |
Bill Clinton | 1993-2001 | This beautiful capital, like every capital since the dawn of civilization, is often a place of intrigue and calculation. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Beautiful" is generally used as an adjective (general or positive) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Beautiful" is used about 8,661 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Adjective (general or positive) | 100% | 8,661 | 1,106 |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes names derived from the word "beautiful". | |||
| Name | Gender | Language | Meaning |
| Naamah | N/A | Biblical | Beautiful |
| Naomi | N/A | Biblical | Beautiful |
| Beau | Male | English | To be beautiful |
| Beaumont | Male | English | A beautiful mountain |
| Beauregard | Male | English | A beautiful outlook |
| Belinda | Female | English | Beautiful |
| Belle | Female | English | To be beautiful |
| Bindy | Female | English | Beautiful |
| Linda | Female | English | Beautiful |
| Bella | Female | Italian | To be beautiful |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references.
| |||
Expressions using "beautiful": almost unbearably beautiful ♦ as beautiful as a picture ♦ be beautiful ♦ beautiful gate ♦ beautiful girl ♦ beautiful people ♦ beautiful sight ♦ beautiful thing ♦ beautiful vs ugly ♦ become beautiful ♦ Colour Me Beautiful ♦ divinely beautiful ♦ grow beautiful ♦ make beautiful ♦ more beautiful ♦ of beautiful lines ♦ simply beautiful ♦ Temple Beautiful Programs ♦ the beautiful ♦ utterly beautiful ♦ very beautiful ♦ very beautiful girl ♦ wax beautiful ♦ with a beautiful voice ♦ wondrous beautiful. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "beautiful": beautiful-eyed, beautiful-looking. | |
Ending with "beautiful": all-things-bright-and-beautiful, body-beautiful, not-beautiful, once-beautiful, small-is-beautiful, still-beautiful, ugly-is-beautiful. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
beautiful woman | 7,577 | beautiful people | 279 |
bold and the beautiful | 6,305 | crazy beautiful | 276 |
beautiful | 4,645 | beautiful ass | 272 |
beautiful girl | 2,244 | life is beautiful | 269 |
big beautiful woman | 1,692 | beautiful teen | 266 |
a beautiful mind | 837 | beautiful man most | 264 |
america the beautiful | 678 | beautiful babe | 261 |
beautiful black woman | 548 | beautiful lady | 249 |
beautiful bold world | 485 | beautiful naked woman | 245 |
house beautiful | 401 | beautiful face | 244 |
beautiful breast | 398 | beautiful blonde | 243 |
beautiful leg | 386 | beautiful baby | 239 |
beautiful day | 376 | beautiful body | 231 |
beautiful nude woman | 376 | bold and beautiful spoiler | 223 |
beautiful man | 345 | beautiful picture | 220 |
beautiful model | 339 | beautiful russian woman | 217 |
beautiful nude | 319 | beautiful woman picture | 210 |
beautiful skin | 299 | beautiful woman photo | 201 |
beautiful lyrics | 295 | most beautiful woman | 198 |
beautiful butt | 282 | beautiful home | 196 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Translations for "beautiful"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaans | mooi (fair, fine, handsome, lovely), deftig (fair, fine, handsome, lovely). (various references) | |
Albanian | bukur (beautifully, capitally, fair, fine, handsome, lovely, nicely, prettily), i këndshëm (agreeable, beauteous, delectable, delicious, dreamy, dulcet, entertaining, funny, good, good humoured, good tempered, good-humored, goodly, graceful, gracious, grateful, handsome, jocose, jocund, jolly, likable, likeable, lovely, nice, palatable, piquant, pleasant, pretty, Savory, savoury, smooth, soft, sweet, sympathetic), i bukur (airy fairy, beauteous, beautified, bonny, good, good looking, goodly, handsome, lovely, nice, pinup, pleasant, pretty). (various references) | |
Arabic | مليح (handsome, nice, pleasant, pretty), وسيمة (good looking), حسناء (beauty), حسن (advantage, alter, ameliorate, amend, better, elaborate, extend, fine, handsome, improve, innovate, like better, make efficient, ok, okay, okey, perfect, polish, pretty, reclaim, reform, season, upgrade, well), ذات جمال, جميل (beaut, beauteous, comeliness, comely, courtesy, dainty, fair, favor, favour, fine, good looking, grace, graceful, gratitude, handsome, kind act, lovely, magnificent, nice, pretty, shapely, sightly, sweet), الشئ الجميل. (various references) | |
Basque | ederra, eder. (various references) | |
Bulgarian | хубав (bonny, fair, fine, good, good looking, goodly, handsome, jolly, neat, nice, nice-looking, personable, pretty, proper, rich, seemly, sightly, well favored, well-favoured), чудесен (admirable, champion, clipping, cool, corking, delicious, elegant, excellent, fabulous, famous, fine, glorious, gorgeous, great, heavenly, hot, immense, lovely, magnificent, marvellous, marvelous, neat, nifty, noble, priceless, rattling, regular, ripping, scrumptious, smashing, spanking, splendid, super, terrific, thundering, topping, walloping, wizard, wonderful), красив (beauteous, fair, good looking, goodly, handsome, personable, well favored, well-favoured), прелестен (adorable, beauteous, charming, delightsome, dreamy, exquisite, fetching, lovely, sweet). (various references) | |
Catalan | bonica. (various references) | |
Chinese | 瓊 (libation cup), 妵 (fair), 娥 (good), 娟 (graceful), 婺 , 嬋 (graceful), 媄 , 媺 , 懰 (lovely), 漂亮 (pretty), 妍 , 縟 (adorned), 錦繡 , 綺 (open-work silk), 美 (America, ashamed, bashful, shame, shy), 美妙 , 美丽, 美麗 , 粲 (bright, smilingly, splendid), 藇 , 菲菲 (luxurious, very fragrant), 麗 (Korea), 孌 (unwearied effort). (various references) | |
Czech | krásný (fair, fine, good looking, neat). (various references) | |
Danish | smuk (fair, fine, handsome, lovely), skøn (fair, fine, handsome, lovely). (various references) | |
Dutch | mooi (beautifully, fair, fine, handsome, lovely, nice, pretty), schoon (clean, fair, fine, handsome, lovely, pure), knap (ably, cleanly cut, cultured, educated, fair, fine, handsome, intelligent, learned, lovely, neat, net, precise, precize, sagacious, well-informed), fraai (fair, fine, handsome, lovely). (various references) | |
Esperanto | bela (fine, handsome, lovely). (various references) | |
Faeroese | vakur (fair, fine, handsome, lovely). (various references) | |
Farsi | قشنگ (Beauteous, Cheesy, Pert, Pretty, Spruce, Sprucy), زیبا (Beauteous, Chic, Cute, Dinky, Handsome, Picturesque, Pulchritudinous, Scrumptious, Spiffy, Stylish, Yummy), عالی (Brave, Capital, Excellent, Exquisite, Famous, Fine, Gallant, High, Immense, Knockout, Lofty, Much, Palmary, Remarkable, Ripping, Spiffy, Splendid, Super, Superb, Superlative, Supreme, Swank, Unrivaled), خوشگل . (various references) | |
Finnish | kaunis (fair, fine, good-looking, handsome, lovely). (various references) | |
French | beau (beauteous). (various references) | |
Frisian | moai (fair, fine, handsome, lovely). (various references) | |
German | schön (absolute, beautifully, bonny, brightly, comely, easily, enjoyable, fair, fine, finely, good enough, goodly, great, handsome, lovely, nice, nice-looking, nicely, precious, pretty, pulchritudinous, really, smoothly, splendid, well). (various references) | |
Greek | όμορφοσ (buxom, good looking, handsome), όμορφος (good-looking), ωραίοσ (attractive, beauteous, fair, fancy, fine, handsome, lovely, nice, peach, pulchritudinous, rot, winsome). (various references) | |
Hawaiian | bukur (fair, fine, handsome, lovely). (various references) | |
Hebrew | יפה (appropriately, beautifully, comely, fair, finely, good looking, handsome, lovely, nice, picturesque, pretty, right, well). (various references) | |
Hungarian | szép (fair, fine, good, handsome, lovely, nice, nice-looking, pretty), gyönyörû (beauteous, fair, fine, handsome, lovely). (various references) | |
Icelandic | fallegur (fair, fine, handsome, lovely), fagur (fair, fine, handsome, lovely). (various references) | |
Indonesian | permai (ornate, pretty, scenic), elok (elegant, good, lovely), ciamik (handsome), cantik (comely, dainty, lief, lovely, pretty), ayu (pretty), asri (harmoniously chic). (various references) | |
Irish | álainn. (various references) | |
Italian | bello (bonny, fair, fine, good, good looking, goodly, handsome, kind, lovely, nice, pleasant, pretty, sheen, sightly, smart, well), carino (affable, cute, decent, dinky, fair, fine, friendly, good-natured, handsome, kind, lovable, lovely, nice, poppet, pretty, sweet). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 美しい (lovely), 奇麗 (clean, fair, nice, pretty, tidy), 佳 (excellent, good), 佚 (be lost, hide, in turn, mistake, peace), 明媚 , 明美 (picturesque), 斐然たる (florid), ビヤ樽 (beauty, beauty adviser, beauty contest, beauty corner, beauty cycle, beauty parlor, beauty salon, beauty spot, beer barrel, buffet, bureau, bureaucracy, bureaucrat, handbill, poster, view, viewer, viewpoint, Viewtron, villa), 素敵 (capital, cool, dreamy, fantastic, great, lovely, superb), シャモット煉瓦 (chamotte brick, champagne, champignon, Champs Elysees, chandelier, chanson, chansonnier, Chantilly, charade, Charlotte, charm, charming, chou a la creme, cream-filled pastry, Schubert, shallot, shampoo, Shangri-la, shank, shoes, shoeshine, shoot, shooting script, shower, ski jump, sugar, sugar coat, sugar cut, sure, surrealism), 綺麗 (clean, fair, nice, pretty, tidy), 麗しい (lovely), 美しい (lovely), 美事 (admirable, magnificent, splendid), 美美しい , 見事 (admirable, magnificent, splendid), 見目麗しい (fair, good-looking), 豊艶 (fascinating, voluptuous), 豊麗 (rich, splendid), 艶やか (bewitching, fascinatingly elegant, glossy), 秀麗 (graceful). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | つややか (glossy), みめうるわしい (fair, good-looking), みごと (admirable, magnificent, splendid), シャン , めいび (picturesque), いつ (be lost, hide, how soon, in turn, mistake, peace, when), か (addition, ancient Chinese weapon, article counter, counter for chapters, department, excellent, good, increase, mosquito, passable, provisional, question mark, rack, section, tentative, unit of equipment), てつ (be lost, hide, in turn, iron, mistake, peace), ほうれい (common people, laws and ordinances, rich, rules concerning application of laws, splendid, the masses), すてき (capital, cool, dreamy, fantastic, great, lovely, superb), うるわしい (lovely), うつくしい (lovely), ひぜんたる (florid), びびしい, しゅうれい (cool autumn weather, graceful, week-old), きれい (clean, fair, nice, pretty, tidy), ビューティフル , ほうえん (fascinating, gunsmoke, smoke of cannon, square and round shapes, squares and circles, voluptuous). (various references) | |
Korean | 아름다운 (Picturesque). (various references) | |
Luxembourgish | schéint. (various references) | |
Malay | indah (fair, fine, handsome, lovely), cantik (charming, fair, fine, handsome, lovely). (various references) | |
Manx | bwoyagh (attractive, beauteous, comely, handsome, lovely, pretty), bwaagh (beauteous, comely, handsome, lovely, pretty), aalin (fair, handsome, splendid). (various references) | |
Norwegian | vakker (fair, fine, handsome, lovely), skjønn (fair, fine, handsome, judgement, lovely), pen (fair, fine, handsome, lovely). (various references) | |
Occitan | bèl (great, tall). (various references) | |
Papiamen | bunita (fair, fine, handsome, lovely, pretty), kiut (fair, fine, handsome, lovely). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | eautifulbay.(various references) | |
Polish | piękny (fair, fine, handsome, lovely), ładny (fair, fine, handsome, lovely, pleasing, pretty). (various references) | |
Portuguese | lindo (lovely, pretty), formoso (bonny, fine, handsome, lovely), bonito (dinky, fetching, fine, good, good-looking, handsome, lovely, nice, nice-looking, pretty), belo (beauteous, fine, gallant, good-looking, handsome, lovely, sightly). (various references) | |
Portuguese Brazilian | bonita (pretty), lindo, lindas. (various references) | |
Romanian | frumos (artistic, artistical, beautifully, bonny, brave, calm, canny, catchy, choice, clean, delicate, enjoyable, fair, fine, flowing, gay, generous, good, good looking, goodly, greatly, handsome, handsomely, lovely, merry, mild, neat, nice, nicely, personable, pretty, proper, settled, shapely, slowly, specious, well favored, well-favoured, well-featured). (various references) | |
Russian | красивый (beauteous, bonny, dishy, fine, flavorful, gallant, good looking, good-looking, goodly, handsome, lovely, nice, personable, pulchritudinous, sightly, well favored, well-favoured). (various references) | |
Scottish | briagha (fair, fine, handsome, lovely, See <A HREF="mf01.html#brèagha">brèagha</A>), brèagha (splendid), bòidheach (pretty), loinneil (bright, elegant), ciuchair, ceutach (becoming, elegant), ùr (flourishing, fresh, new, recent, vigorous, young), àluinn (elegant, handsome, splendid), àlainn. (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | lep (beauteous, bonny, dreamy, fair, fine, goodly, handsome, nice, pretty, scenic, scenical). (various references) | |
Slovene | lepo. (various references) | |
Spanish | bonito (affable, beauteous, charming, delightful, fair, fine, friendly, good-natured, handsome, kind, lovely, lustrous, nice, pretty), hermoso (beauteous, bonny, chic, dashing, fair, fine, good looking, goodly, handsome, lovely), bello (beauteous, fair, handsome, lovely, nice, pretty). (various references) | |
Sranan | moy (fair, fine, handsome, lovely). (various references) | |
Swahili | -zuri (fair, fine, good, handsome, lovely, nice, okay), zuri (fine, good, handsome, lovely, nice). (various references) | |
Swedish | vacker (comely, fair, fine, handsome, lovely, pretty, sightly, sweet, tidy, winsome), skön (comfortable, discretion, fair, fine, funky, handsome, lovely, nice, pretty, voluptuous). (various references) | |
Tagalog | magandá (fair, fine, handsome, lovely). (various references) | |
Tahitian | nehenehe. (various references) | |
Turkish | güzel (appealing, beauteous, beautifully, beauty, Belle, bonny, comely, fair, fine, goluptious, good, good looking, goodly, handsome, lovely, nice, nifty, personable, pleasant, plummy, prettily, pretty, pulchritudinous, sapid, shapely, sightly, smart, swell, the beautiful, well, well favored, well-favoured, winsome). (various references) | |
Turkmen | owadan, kaзaс (handsome), gelюikli, ajaяyp (wonderful). (various references) | |
Ukrainian |
