Barium

Definition: Barium

Barium

Noun

1. A soft silvery metallic element of the alkali earth group; found in barite.

Etymology: Barium \Ba"ri*um\, noun. [New Latin expression, from the Greek expression bary`s heavy.]. (Websters 1913)

Specialty Definitions: Barium

Domain	Definitions
Chemistry	Chemical element:atomic number 56. Source: European Union. (references)
Health	An element of the alkaline earth group of metals. It has an atomic symbol Ba, atomic number 56, and atomic weight 138. All of its acid-soluble salts are poisonous. (references)
Mining	A silvery-white, metallic element, belonging to the alkaline earth group. Symbol, Ba. Found chiefly in barite or heavy spar and witherite. All barium compounds that are water or acid soluble are poisonous. Used in paint, X-ray diagnostic work, glassmaking, oilwell drilling fluids, andpyrotechny. (references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Specialty Definition: Barium

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Caesium - Barium - Lanthanum

Sr
Ba
Ra

Full table

General

Name, Symbol, Number Barium, Ba, 56

Series alkaline earth metals

Group, Period, Block 2(IIA), 6, s

Density, Hardness 3510 kg/m³, 1.25

Appearance silvery white

Atomic Properties

Atomic weight 137.327 amu

Atomic radius (Calc.) 215 pm (253 pm)

Covalent radius 198 pm

van der Waals radius no information

Electron configuration [Xe]6s6s²

e^- 's per energy level 2, 8, 18, 18, 8, 2

Oxidation states (Oxide) 2 (strong base)

Crystal structure Cubic body centered

Physical Properties

State of matter solid (paramagnetic)

Melting point 1000 K (1341 °F)

Boiling point 2143 K (3398 °F)

Molar volume 38.16 ×1010^-3 m³/mol

Heat of vaporization 142 kJ/mol

Heat of fusion 7.75 kJ/mol

Vapor pressure 98 Pa at 371 K

Speed of sound 1620 m/s

Miscellaneous

Electronegativity 0.89(Pauling scale)

Specific heat capacity 204 J/(kg*K)

Electrical conductivity 3 10⁶/m ohm

Thermal conductivity 18.4 W/(m*K)

1^st ionization potential 502.9 kJ/mol

2^nd ionization potential 965.2 kJ/mol

3^rd ionization potential 3600 kJ/mol

Most Stable Isotopes

iso NA half-life DM DE MeV DP

¹³⁰Ba 0.106% Ba is stable with 74 neutrons

¹³²Ba 0.101% Ba is stable with 76 neutrons

¹³³Ba {syn.} 10.51 y epsilon 0.517 ¹³³Cs

¹³⁴Ba 2.417% Ba is stable with 78 neutrons

¹³⁵Ba 6.592% Ba is stable with 79 neutrons

¹³⁶Ba 7.854% Ba is stable with 80 neutrons

¹³⁷Ba 11.23% Ba is stable with 81 neutrons

¹³⁸Ba 71.7% Ba is stable with 82 neutrons

SI units & STP are used except where noted.

Barium is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Ba and atomic number 56. A soft silvery metallic element, barium is an alkaline earth metal and melts at a very high temperature. Its oxide is called baryta and it is primarily found in the mineral barite but is never found in its pure form due to its reactivity with air. Compounds of this metal are used in small quantities in paints and in glassmaking.

Notable Characteristics

Barium is a metallic element that is chemically similar to calcium, yet is soft and in its pure form is silvery white resembling lead. This metal oxidizes very easily and when exposed to air and is highly reactive with water or alcohol. Barium is decomposed by water or alcohol. Some of the compounds of this element are remarkable for their high specific gravity, as its sulphate, called heavy spar.

Applications

Barium is primarily used in sparkplugs, vacuum tubes, fireworks, and in fluorescent lamps. Also:

A "getter" in vacuum tubes.
Barium sulfate is permanent white and is used in paint, in X-ray diagnostic work, and in glassmaking.
Barite is used extensively as a weighing agent in oil well drilling fluids and in rubber production.
Barium carbonate is a useful rat poison, while barium nitrate and chlorate give colors in fireworks.
Impure barium sulfide phosphoresces after exposure to the light.
Barium salts are sometimes used in medical procedures, such as X-raying the digestive system.
Lithopone, a pigment that contains barium sulfate and zinc sulfide, has good covering power, and does not darken in when exposed to sulfides.

History

Barium (Greek "barys" meaning "heavy") was first identified in 1774 by Carl Scheele and extracted in 1808 by Sir Humphry Davy in England. The oxide was at first called barote, by Guyton de Morveau, which was changed by Antoine Lavoisier to baryta, which soon was modified to "barium" to describe the metal.

Occurrence

Because barium quickly becomes oxidized in air, it is difficult to obtain this metal in its pure form. It is primarily found in and extracted from the mineral barite which is crystalized barium sulphate.
Barium is commercially produced through the electrolysis of molten barium chloride (BaCl₂) Isolation (* follow):
(cathode) Ba²⁺* + 2e^- ---> Ba (anode) Cl^-* --> ½Cl₂ (g) + e^-

Compounds

The most important compounds are barium peroxide, chloride, sulfate, carbonate, nitrate, and chlorate. When burned, barium salts glows green. (See "Uses" section above)

Isotopes

Naturally occurring barium is a mix of seven stable isotopes. There are twenty-two isotopes known, but most of these are highly radioactive and have half-lifes in the several millisecond to several minute range. The only notable exception is barium-133 which has a half-life of 10.51 years.

Precautions

All water or acid soluble barium compounds are extremely poisonous.
Oxidation occurs very easily and to remain pure, barium should be kept under a petroleum-based fluid (such as kerosene) or other suitable oxygen-free liquids that exclude air.

External Links

Barium is also the latin name for the city Bari in Italy.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Barium."

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Synonym: Barium

Synonym: atomic number 56 (n). (additional references)

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Crosswords: Barium

English words defined with "barium": alkaline earth, alkaline-earth metal ♦ baric, barite, barium dioxide, barium enema, barium hydroxide, barium monoxide, barium oxide, barium peroxide, barium protoxide, barium sulfate, barium sulphate, baryta, barytes, Baryto-calcite, Barytum, Bologna phosphorus, Bologna stone ♦ cadmium yellow ♦ Davy ♦ feldspar, felspar ♦ GI series ♦ heavy spar, Humphrey Davy, Hyalophane, Hydrogen dioxide, hypophosphorous acid ♦ Per-, Permanent white, psilomelane ♦ Saccharate, Sir Humphrey Davy, Solar phosphori ♦ Witherite. (references)

Specialty definitions using "barium": alpha celsian ♦ baralyme, Barium Compounds, barium feldspar, Barium Radioisotopes, Barium release, barium solution, barium swallow, barium toner, baryta grinders'disease, baryta miner's disease, baryta miners'disease, baryta paper, baryta-coated paper, Bowel Prep ♦ carbonate of barium ♦ esophagram ♦ lithopone, lower GI series ♦ manganese blue ♦ rare earth intensifying screen ♦ sabouraud-noire, Small Bowel Enema, S-N unit, sulfate test ♦ ultramarine yellow, upper GI series. (references)

Etymologies containing "barium": Baria. (references)

Non-English Usage: "Barium" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses.

Afrikaan (barium), Albanian (barium), Dutch (barium), German (barium), Manx (barium), Swedish (baric, barium).

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Modern Usage: Barium

Domain	Usage
Screenplays	Have you ever had a barium enema? (Look Who's Talking; writing credit: Amy Heckerling)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Commercial Usage: Barium

Domain	Title
References	The World Market for Natural Barium Sulfate (Barytes) and Natural Barium Carbonate (Witherite) Excluding Purified Barium Oxide: A 2004 Global Trade Perspective (reference) (more reference examples)

Books	Double Contrast Barium Enema: The Genoa Approach (reference) Radiologic Examination of the Orohypopharynx and Esophagus: The Barium Swallow (reference) Lithium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, and barium in waters and sewage effluents by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, 1987 (reference) (more book examples)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Non-Fiction Usage: Barium

Subject	Topic	Quote
Health		A barium enema is a series of x-rays of the colon and rectum. (references)
		This is why a lower GI series is sometimes called a barium enema. (references)
		This procedure involves filling the colon with barium, a chalky white solution. (references)
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

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Usage Frequency: Barium

"Barium" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Barium" is used about 134 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)

Parts of Speech	Percent	Usage per 100 Million Words	Rank in English
Noun (singular)	100%	134	27,488

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Expressions: Barium

Expressions using "barium": barium acetate ♦ barium aluminate ♦ Barium Compounds ♦ barium dioxide ♦ barium enema ♦ barium hydroxide ♦ barium meal ♦ barium monoxide ♦ barium oxide ♦ barium peroxide ♦ barium protoxide ♦ Barium Radioisotopes ♦ barium solution ♦ barium sulfate ♦ barium sulphate ♦ barium swallow ♦ barium toner. Additional references.
Hyphenated Usage
	Beginning with "barium": barium-enriched, barium-rich.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Frequency of Internet Keywords: Barium

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.

Expression	Frequency per Day
barium enema	166
barium	109
barium swallow	53
barium sulfate	47
barium sulfate suspension	18
barium titanate	13
barium carbonate	12
barium modified swallow	12
barium enima	9
barium chloride	9
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Modern Translations: Barium

Language		Translations for "barium"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.
Afrikaan		barium. (various references)

Albanian		barium. (various references)

Arabic		‏الباريوم, ‏باريومي, ‏بارقليط. (various references)

Bulgarian		барий. (various references)

Chinese		鋇 , �'�. (various references)

Czech		baryum. (various references)

Danish		barium. (various references)

Dutch		barium. (various references)

Esperanto		bariumo, bario. (various references)

Farsi		فلزدوظرفیتی , فلزباریم . (various references)

Finnish		bariumvalkoinen (barium white), bariumsulfaattiperäruiske (barium contrast study, barium enema, barium study, barium swallow), bariumsulfaatti (barium sulfate), bariumpigmentti (barium toner), bariumperäruiske (barium contrast study, barium enema, barium study, barium swallow), bariumkarbonaatti (BaCO3, barium carbonate), synteettinen bariumsulfaatti (barium white, blanc fixe), ohutsuolen passagetutkimus (small bowel transit time with barium, small intestinal transit time with barium), ohutsuolen kauttakulkututkimus (small bowel transit time with barium, small intestinal transit time with barium). (various references)

French		baryum. (various references)

German		barium. (various references)

Greek		βάριο (varium). (various references)

Hungarian		bárium. (various references)

Indonesian		logam barium. (various references)

Italian		bario. (various references)

Japanese Kanji		バベルの�" (balalaika, balance, balance of power, balance sheet, balcony, ballade, ballast, balloon, Baltic, balun, barber's clippers, Barcelona, baritone, barracks, barreled wine, barricade, barrier, Barriquand et Marre, bawm bawm, Brahman, bulk carrier, bulk line, bulk storage, bulky, bulky sweater, impediment removal, Tower of Babel, value, value analysis, value engineering, variable condensor, variant, variation, variety, variety show, variety store, varistor, vulcanized fiber, vulcanized rubber). (various references)

Japanese Katakana		バリウ� . (various references)

Manx		barium. (various references)

Pig Latin		ariumbay.(various references)

Portuguese		bário. (various references)

Romanian		bariu. (various references)

Russian		барий. (various references)

Serbo-Croatian		barijum. (various references)

Spanish		bario. (various references)

Swedish		barium (baric). (various references)

Turkish		baryum. (various references)

Ukranian		барій. (various references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

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Derivations & Misspellings: Barium

Derivations
	Words beginning with "barium": bariums. (additional references)
	Words ending with "barium": columbarium, herbarium. (additional references)
	Words containing "barium": herbariums. (additional references)
Misspellings
	"Barium" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Abarim, Abiru, arium, Bairam, Baiyun, Baragumu, Baraou, Baraul, Barbiaux, barian, barien, barqu, Barquq, Barrau, Barraud, barrion, barrium, Bartumeu, Barum, Baruma, Barzun, Batrouk, bayrum, bedium, Beinum, berim, Berkun, Blaricum, borim, borium, borsum, Brijuni, buraimi, faiyum, Gaium, parvum. (additional references)
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Rhyming with "Barium"

# of Phoneme Matches	Pronunciation	Word(s) rhyming with "barium" (pronounced be"rēum)
6	b e" r ē u m	Herbarium.
5	-e" r ē u m	aquarium, honorarium, planetarium.
4	-r ē u m	atrium, auditorium, bacterium, crematorium, delirium, deuterium, disequilibrium, emporium, equilibrium, moratorium, opprobrium, tellurium, thorium, yttrium.
3	-ē u m	alluvium, ammonium, axiom, beryllium, cadmium, calcium, cesium, chromium, colloquium, compendium, condominium, consortium, europium, fermium, gallium, geranium, gonium, gymnasium, hafnium, harmonium, helium, holmium, idiom, indium, iridium, lawrencium, linoleum, lithium, magnesium, medium, millennium, minium, myocardium, nephridium, neptunium, niobium, nobelium, opium, osmium, palladium, pandemonium, paramecium, petroleum, Plasmodium, plutonium, podium, polonium, potassium, premium, presidium, promethium, protium, psyllium, radium, requiem, rhodium, selenium, sodium, stadium, strontium, superpremium, symposium, tedium, thallium, titanium, tritium, uranium, vanadium, zirconium.
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

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Anagrams: Barium

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams
	Words within the letters "a-b-i-m-r-u"
	-1 letter: mbira, rumba, umbra, urbia.
	-2 letters: abri, amir, arum, barm, bima, brim, bura, iamb, mair, mura, rami.
	-3 letters: aim, air, ami, amu, arb, arm, bam, bar, bra, bum, bur, mar, mib, mir, ram, ria, rib, rim, rub, rum, urb.
	-4 letters: ab, ai, am, ar, ba, bi, ma, mi, mu, um.
	Words containing the letters "a-b-i-m-r-u"
	+1 letter: bariums.
	+2 letters: aerobium, biramous, brachium, manubria, rumbaing, simaruba, urbanism.
	+3 letters: absurdism, bacterium, herbarium, manubrium, rhumbaing, simarubas, submarine, urbanisms.
	+4 letters: absurdisms, barramundi, buckraming, columbaria, dumbwaiter, herbariums, lambrequin, mandibular, manubriums, procambium, seaborgium, strabismus, submarined, submariner, submarines, subprimate, tambourine, tambouring.
	+5 letters: adumbrating, adumbration, adumbrative, albuminuria, albuminuric, barramundis, bimolecular, bromouracil, columbarium, drumbeating, dumbwaiters, fibromatous, innumerable, innumerably, lambrequins, liquidambar, multibarrel, multicarbon, procambiums, rambouillet, seaborgiums, submarginal, submariners, submarining, subprimates, subterminal, tambourines, umbrellaing.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.