Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Brown |
BrownAdjective1. Of a color similar to that of wood or earth. Noun1. An orange of low brightness and saturation. 2. Scottish botanist who first observed the movement of small particles in fluids now known a Brownian motion (1773-1858). 3. Abolitionist who was hanged after leading an unsuccessful raid at Harper's Ferry, Virginia (1800-1858). Verb1. Fry in a pan until it changes color; "brown the meat in the pan". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "brown" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1050. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Biographical Satire | BROWN, John, an American who helped start the Civil War by espousing the cause of the negro. This resulted in his body moulding in the grave. BROWN, Thomas, an Englishman who reversed the usual procedure of life by springing into print when young, and keeping out of it when old. Source: Who was Who: 5000BC - 1914. |
Literature | Brown A copper coin, a penny; so called from its colour. Similarly a sovereign is a "yellow boy." (See Blunt. ) To be done brown. To be roasted, deceived, taken in. Source: Brewer's Dictionary. |
Slang | To butter someone up in order to win a favor, to sniff an anus. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Brown refers to colors produced by mixing small intensities of red and green light. It is a darker form of orange and yellow.
An example of a brown color in the RGB color space has intensities [150, 75, 0] on a 0 to 255 scale. On a browser that supports visual formatting in Cascading Style Sheets, the following box should appear in this color:
The Sturmabteilung (SA) was known as brown shirts from the color of their uniform. Brown is a short name for the U.S. Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka 347 US 483 1954, which desegregated public schools in the United States of America. See also Jim Crow. Brown is also the surname of several famous people including
Charlie Brown is a cartoon character. Mrs Brown is a 1997 movie about Queen Victoria and her Scottish servant, John Brown.
- Arthur Brown -- British rock and roll singer
- Bobby Brown -- U.S. rhythm and blues singer
- Capability Brown -- English landscape gardener
- Charles Brown -- U.S. blues singer
- Charles Brockden Brown -- U.S. novelist
- Charles Wreford Brown -- former captain of the England Soccer Team
- Clarence Brown -- U.S. movie director
- Clifford Brown -- U.S. jazz trumpeter
- David M. Brown -- U.S. astronaut
- Dee Brown -- U.S. novelist and historian
- Derren Brown -- British psychological illusionist
- Eric Brown -- science fiction author
- Ford Madox Brown -- English painter
- Fredric Brown -- science fiction and mystery author
- Gordon Brown -- British Labour politician
- H. Rap Brown -- U.S. civil rights activist
- Henry B. Brown -- U.S. Supreme Court Justice
- James Brown -- U.S. soul singer
- Jerry Brown -- former Governor of California
- John Brown (disambiguation page)
- John Brown -- U.S. abolitionist
- John Brown -- Scottish servant of Queen Victoria
- John Brown -- British preacher
- Julie Brown -- U.S. actress and singer
- Junior Brown -- U.S. country singer
- Les Brown -- big band leader
- Lew Brown -- U.S. lyricist
- Margaret Brown -- Titanic survivor aka Molly Brown
- Melanie Brown -- British singer aka Scary Spice
- Peter Brown -- singer
- Rosemary Brown -- spirit medium
- Rosemary Brown -- Canadian politician
- Ruth Brown -- U.S. singer
- Steve Brown -- British composer
- Theo Wade Brown -- British designer and eccentric
- Thomas Brown (disambiguation page)
- Thomas Brown -- Scottish philosopher
- Thomas Edward Brown -- British poet
- Thomas Townsend Brown -- U.S.physicist
- Tom Brown (disambiguation page)
- Tom Brown -- U.S. jazz trombonist aka Red Brown
Mrs. Brown, You've Got a Lovely Daughter is a 1968 movie starring Herman's Hermits. Brown is also short for Brown University, an American Ivy League university.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Brown."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Brown algae Typical classification
Kingdom: Protista Division: Heterokontophyta Class: Phaeophyceae Orders Ectocarpales
Dictyotales
Desmerestiales
Fucales
Laminariales (kelps)
etc.The brown algae are a large group of multicellular algae, including various sorts of seaweed. Their distinctive greenish-brown color comes from the pigment fucoxanthin. Well-known members include kelps and bladder wrack.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Brown alga."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Brown University is an Ivy League University located in Providence, Rhode Island.Brown is notable for, among other things, having the only Egyptology and History of Math departments in the United States. Brown was also one of the first institutions to take media studies seriously, with its department in Modern Culture and Media, where students study film, film criticism, and critical theory.
Brown distinguishes itself from its peer institutions through its "New Curriculum." The New Curriculum, instituted in 1969, allows students to more flexibly determine their own educational paths by eliminating distribution requirements and mandatory grading (allowing all courses to be taken on a "satisfactory/no credit" basis).
Brown's current president is Ruth Simmons, the first black woman president of an Ivy League University.
Brown's athletic teams are called the Bears. They participate in the Ivy League with about 17 different men's and women's teams.
Admissions to Brown is competitive. Recent admission rates hover around 15% of applications.
A Brief History of Brown
The Founding of Brown
The college was founded in 1764 in Warren, Rhode Island, after inter-denominational wrangling between Baptists and Congregationalists, initially with a single student. Originally dubbed the "Rhode Island College", it was soon re-named after Nicholas Brown, Jr, one of its first graduates. The University moved to its present location on the East Side of Providence in 1770.
Women at Brown
Brown established a Women's College in 1891, which was later named Pembroke. Brown merged with Pembroke in 1971 and became coeducational.
The New Curriculum
Brown adopted the New Curriculum in 1969, marking a major change in the University's institutional history. The curriculum was the result of a paper written by Ira Magaziner and Elliot Maxwell, "Draft of a Working Paper for Education at Brown University." The paper came out of a year-long study (known as a GISP or Group Independent Studies Project) involving 80 students and 15 professors. The group was inspired by student-initiated experimental schools, especially San Francisco State College, and sought ways to improve education for students at Brown. The philosophy they formed was based on the principle that "the individual who is being educated is the center of the educational process."
The paper made a number of suggestions for improving education at Brown, including a new kind of interdisciplinary Freshman course that would introduce new modes of inquiry and bring faculty from different fields together. Their goal was to transform the survey course, which traditionally sought to cover a large amount of basic material, into specialized courses which would introduce the important modes of inquiry used in different disciplines.
The New Curriculum that came out of the working paper was significantly different from the paper itself. Its key features were
- Modes of Thought courses aimed at first-year students
- Interdisciplinary University courses
- Students could elect to take any course Satisfactory/No Credit
- Distribution requirements were dropped
- The University simplified grades to ABC/No Credit, eliminating pluses, minuses and D's. Furthermore, "No Credit" would not appear on external transcripts.
Notable alumni
- Jeffrey Eugenides
- John Hay
- Samuel Gridley Howe
- Charles Evans Hughes
- John F. Kennedy, Jr
- Geoffrey A. Landis
- Horace Mann
- Alexander Meiklejohn
- Otto Neugebauer
- S.J. Perelman
- John D. Rockefeller, Jr
- Thomas J. Watson
Computing projects
Several projects of note involving hypertext and other forms of electronic text have been developed at Brown, including:
- FRESS
- Hypertext Editing System
- Women Writers Project
External links
- Brown University homepage
- A history of Josiah Carberry
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Brown University."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
James Brown (born May 3, 1928) is one of the most important figures in African American music, pioneering in rhythm and blues, soul music and funk. Not only did Brown display his own musical genius as a performer, singer and songwriter, but as a bandleader he fostered the careers of many influential musicians.James Brown's innovations in funk music have been extraordinarily influential. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, his irresistable sound spawned countless imitators. By the mid 70s, several of his key band members (Bootsy Collins, Fred Wesley, and Maceo Parker) had left James Brown and joined forces with George Clinton to create a new type of funky music, now collectively referred to as P-Funk. With the advent of Hip Hop in the late 70s, James Brown's grooves became the foundation for rap music and break dancing, as DJs such as Grandmaster Flash looped and extended the drum breaks from earlier JB favorites like "Give It Up Or Turn It A Loose." In the late 1980s, James Brown's music experienced a renaissance with the rise of sampling by Hip Hop producers. Snippets of his songs were recycled into hundreds of rap songs and continue to appear in electronic music to this day.
While some say Macon, Georgia, it is generally believed that Brown was born in Barnwell, South Carolina in 1928. Brown grew up in Augusta, Georgia in a poor family. As a teenager he turned to petty crime and was eventually sent to prison. Securing an early release after three years, under the condition that he not return to Augusta or Richmond County, Brown turned his considerable energy to music, transforming the vocal band The Gospel Starlighters into the first generation of the Famous Flames.
He began to tour relentlessly (Brown often calls himself The Hardest Working Man In Show Business) and the band built a following with their live shows. Musically they played a brand of tight rhythm and blues, that would later be known as funk, and mixed with Brown's trademark screams and melodramatic stage persona, they were capable of whipping crowds into a frenzy. Whilst their early singles were local hits, and performed well on the R'n'B chart the band were not nationally successful until this live show was captured on record, on Brown's self-financed Live at the Apollo in 1963.
Brown followed this success with a string of singles that essentially defined funk music. "Papa's Got A Brand New Bag" and "I Got You (I Feel Good)" featured deceptively simple riffs on horn and guitar locked into a compelling groove by the bass guitar. As the sixties went on, Brown would refine this style further on "Sex Machine" and add socio-political comment on tracks like "Say It Loud (I'm Black and I'm Proud)" and "Funky President".
By the mid-seventies Brown's star was on the wane. Hits dried up, key musicians such as Bootsy Collins left his band, not least due to the wearing effect of Brown's ego, and his releases were poor imitations of his best records. In 1986 he managed another hit single, "Living In America", but in 1988 he was arrested following a high speed car chase through the streets of Augusta. Imprisoned for firearms and drugs offences, as well as the repercussions of his flight, he was released in 1991 to find the sampled rhythms and drum beats from his records almost ubiquitous in rap music, a 20 second drum solo near the end of the song "Funky Drummer" is perhaps the single most sampled piece of music in history. Brown still makes his home in the Augusta area, and is one of the most prominent figures in that community.
As Brown continues to tour, and his reputation as an innovator still guarantees crowds, the influence of his music and sounds he first created continue to define the notion of funky.
External Links
- James Brown - Godfather of Soul, Brown's official site.
- DMoz, listing of James Brown sites.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "James Brown."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
John Brown (May 9, 1800 - December 2, 1859) was an extremist abolitionist who led the raid on Harpers Ferry and whose defeat, trial, and execution helped set the stage for the American Civil War.
John Brown was born in Torrington, Connecticut, on May 9, 1800. His father Owen Brown, a strict Calvinist who hated slavery, was a tanner and taught the trade to his son.
On June 21, 1820, Brown married Dianthe Lusk. In 1826 they moved to Pennsylvania, where Brown built a tannery. Dianthe died in 1832, shortly after giving birth. On June 14, 1833, Brown married sixteen-year-old Mary Day. She eventually bore thirteen children with Brown, in addition to caring for the five children from his previous marriage.
In 1836 Brown moved his family to Franklin Mills, Ohio, and borrowed money to buy land in the area. He suffered great financial losses in the economic panic of 1837 and was declared bankrupt by a federal court on September 28, 1842.
Starts active role as abolitionist
In 1847, in Springfield, Massachusetts, Brown first met Frederick Douglass. Douglass wrote about Brown, "Though a white gentleman, he is in sympathy a black man, and as deeply interested in our cause, as though his own soul had been pierced with the iron of slavery." At this meeting Brown first outlined to Douglass his plan to lead a war to free slaves.
Brown moved to the black community of North Elba, New York, in 1849. The community was founded when Gerrit Smith, a wealthy abolitionist, donated 120,000 acres of his property in the Adirondacks to black families who were willing to clear and farm the land. As many of the new farmers were unfamiliar with the farming way of life, Brown established his own home there and taught his neighbors how to farm the rocky soil. It was very unusual at this time for a white man (even an abolitionist) to associate and socialise with blacks in this way.
Move to Kansas
In June of 1855 Brown moved to Kansas, where some of his sons had settled. The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 meant that the residents of the territories would soon vote on whether or not to allow slavery. Proslavery forces were terrorizing the region, using threats and violence to influence elections in an attempt to make Kansas a slave state.
On May 24, 1856, in retribution for a pro-slavery attack on the town of Lawrence, Brown led a party that murdered five proslavery settlers in Pottawatomie Creek. Brown later said that he had not participated in the killings but that he did approve of them.
John Brown's struggle with proslavery forces in Kansas brought him national attention, and to many Northern abolitionists he became a hero. His defense of the free-soil town of Osawattomie earned him the nickname "Osawatomie Brown," and a play by that name soon appeared on Broadway telling his story.
Brown spent the next two years travelling New England raising funds. Franklin Sanborn, secretary for the Massachusetts State Kansas Committee, introduced Brown to several influential abolitionists in the Boston area in January of 1857. This group was later called the "Secret Six." They funded Brown, allowing him to raise a small army.
In January of 1858, Brown and his men rode into Missouri and attacked two homesteads. After liberating eleven slaves, he travelled for 82 days to deliver the slaves to freedom in Canada.
Raid on Harpers Ferry
On October 16, 1859, Brown led 21 men in an attack on the federal armory at Harpers Ferry, Virginia. The arsenal was a large complex of buildings that contained 100,000 muskets and rifles. He planned to seize the weapons and arm local slaves. They would then head south, and a general revolution would result. The 21 raiders included a fugitive slave, a college student, and several free blacks. Three of the men were Brown's sons.
The raid initially went well. They cut the telegraph wires and easily captured the armory, which was being defended by a single watchman. They also gathered hostages, including Col. Lewis Washington, great-grand-nephew of George Washington.
Things started to go wrong when an eastbound Baltimore & Ohio train approached the town. The train's baggage master tried to warn the passengers. Brown's men yelled for him to halt, then opened fire. The baggage master, Hayward Shepherd, became the first casualty of John Brown's war against slavery. Ironically Shepherd was a free black man. For some reason, after shooting Shepherd, Brown allowed the train to continue on its way. News of the raid reached Washington D.C by late morning.
In the meantime, local farmers, shopkeepers, and militiamen firing from the heights behind the town pinned down the raiders in the armory. At noon, a company of militamen seized the bridge, blocking the only escape route.
The remaining raiders took cover in the engine house, a small brick building near the armory. By morning the building was surrounded by a company of U.S. Marines under the command of Lt. Col. Robert E. Lee.
A young lieutenant, J.E.B. Stuart, approached under a white flag and told the raiders that if they surrendered, their lives would be spared. Brown refused, and the Marines stormed the building. Brown was beaten unconscious after his belt buckle deflected a bayonet thrust. Twelve of the raiders were killed, as was one of the Marines.
On November 2, after a week-long trial and 45 minutes of deliberation, a Charles Town, Virginia jury found John Brown guilty of murder, treason, and inciting a slave insurrection.
He was hanged on December 2, 1859. On the day of his death he wrote "I, John Brown, am now quite certain that the crimes of this guilty land will never be purged away but with blood. I had, as I now think, vainly flattered myself that without very much bloodshed it might be done."
After the Civil War, Frederick Douglass wrote: "Did John Brown fail? John Brown began the war that ended American slavery and made this a free Republic. His zeal in the cause of my race was far greater than mine. I could live for the slave, but he could die for him."
John Brown was buried on the John Brown Farm in North Elba, New York (south of Lake Placid).
The John Brown's Body song
The famous Union marching song of the civil war. The tune was later used for The Battle Hymn of the Republic. These lyrics are from the Library of Congress:
TUNE: Brothers, will you meet me.
John Brown's body lies a-mouldering in the grave;
John Brown's body lies a-mouldering in the grave;
John Brown's body lies a-mouldering in the grave;
His soul's marching on!CHORUS.
Glory, halle—hallelujah! Glory, halle—hallelujah!
Glory, halle—hallelujah! his soul's marching on!He's gone to be a soldier in the army of the Lord!
He's gone to be a soldier in the army of the Lord!
He's gone to be a soldier in the army of the Lord!
His soul's marching on!John Brown's knapsack is strapped upon his back!
John Brown's knapsack is strapped upon his back!
John Brown's knapsack is strapped upon his back!
His soul's marching on!His pet lambs will meet him on the way;
His pet lambs will meet him on the way;
His pet lambs will meet him on the way;
They go marching on!They will hang Jeff. Davis to a tree!
They will hang Jeff. Davis to a tree!
They will hang Jeff. Davis to a tree!
As they march along!Now, three rousing cheers for the Union;
Now, three rousing cheers for the Union;
Now, three rousing cheers for the Union;
As we are marching on!See also
- A Plea for Captain John Brown (essay by Henry David Thoreau)
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "John Brown (abolitionist)."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
| BRUIN | English | Brown University Interpreter | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: BrownSynonyms: brownish (adj), dark-brown (adj), brownness (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Arms | Small arms; musket, musketry, firelock, fowling piece, rifle, fusil, caliver, carbine, blunderbuss, musketoon, Brown Bess, matchlock, harquebuss, arquebus, haguebut; pistol, postolet; petronel; small bore; breach-loader, muzzle-loader; revolver, repeater; Minis rifle, Enfield rifle, Flobert rifle, Westley Richards rifle, Snider rifle, Martini-Henry rifle, Lee-Metford rifle, Lee-Enfield rifle, Mauser rifle, magazine rifle; needle gun, chassepot; wind gun, air gun; automatic gun, automatic pistol; escopet, escopette, gunflint, gun-lock; hackbut, shooter, shooting iron , six-shooter, shotgun; Uzzi, assault rifle, KalashnikoVerb: |
Commonalty | Noun: commonalty, democracy; obscurity; low condition, low life, low society, low company; bourgeoisie; mass of the people, mass of society; Brown Jones and Robinson; lower classes, humbler classes, humbler orders; vulgar herd, common herd; rank and file, hoc genus omne; the many, the general,the crowd, the people, the populace, the million, the masses, the mobility, the peasantry; king Mob; proletariat; fruges consumere nati, demos, hoi polloi, great unwashed; man in the street. |
Inattention | Abstraction; absence of mind, absorption of mind; preoccupation, distraction, reverie, brown study, deep musing, fit of abstraction. |
Materials | Noun: material, raw material, stuff, stock, staple; adobe, brown stone; chinking; clapboard; daubing; puncheon; shake; shingle, bricks and mortar; metal; stone; clay, brick crockery; compo, composition; concrete; reinforced concrete, cement; wood, ore, timber. |
Thought | Abstract thought, abstraction contemplation, musing; brown study; (inattention); reverie, Platonism; depth of thought, workings of the mind, thoughts, inmost thoughts; self-counsel self-communing, self-consultation; philosophy of the Absolute, philosophy of the Academy, philosophy of the Garden, philosophy of the lyceum, philosophy of the Porch. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | I'm a lot like my dad: brown hair, flat chest (While You Were Sleeping; writing credit: Daniel G. Sullivan; Fredric LeBow) Find me a bear and a frog in a brown Studebaker (The Muppet Movie; writing credit: Jack Burns and Jerry Juhl) Yes, and there will be one less on this boat if you don't shut that hole in your face In the actual event, Molly Brown was going to throw Hutchins overboard (Titanic; writing credit: James Cameron) It's brown water (Manhattan; writing credit: Woody Allen ; Marshall Brickman) And your teeth they're all brown! (Seinfeld; writing credit: Andreas Lenze; Bea Schmidt) | |
Lyrics | Said you free that brown eyed man (Brown Eyed Handsome Man; performing artist: Chuck Berry) Of a man named Leroy Brown (Bad, Bad Leroy Brown; performing artist: Jim Croce) Brown sugar just like a young girl should (BROWN SUGAR; performing artist: Rolling Stones) I'm the guy who didn't marry pretty Pamela Brown (Pamela Brown; performing artist: Tom T. Hall) Ooh, Miss Lotte Lenya and old Lucy Brown ("Mack the Knife"; performing artist: Bobby Darin) | |
Tongue Twisters | Bright blows the broom on the brook's bare brown banks. (references; author: unknown) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Jackie Brown (1997) Brown Ale with Gertie (1974) Father Brown (1974) Charlie Brown It's a Mystery (1974) Foxy Brown (1974) | |
Song Titles | Pamela Brown (performing artist: Tom T. Hall) Mrs. Brown You've Got A Lovely Daugher (performing artist: Herman's Hermits) Bad, Bad Leroy Brown (performing artist: Jim Croce) Pamela Brown (performing artist: Leo Kottke) Breakin' My Heart (Pretty Brown Eyes) (performing artist: Mint Condition) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References |
| ||
Books |
| ||
Periodicals |
| ||
Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
| ||
High Tech |
| ||
Consumer Goods |
| ||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | A typed manuscript lies open on a purple tablecloth. Various types of grain, either loose or in a bowl and a ladle, are on top. There is also a basket with a round loaf of brown bread cut in half. See also AV-3906. Credit: Unknown photographer/artist. |  | (7) color slides show a single bowl of cooked hot cereal, oatmeal. (3) with milk, (2) plain, (2) topped with brown sugar or maple syrup. Credit: Renee Comet (photographer). |
 | Big brown bat, Eptescius fureus. Credit: CDC. |  | The rash often appears as rough, red or reddish brown spots, and can appear on both the palms of the hands as well as on the plantar surface (bottom) of the feet. Credit: CDC. |
 | Brown and Glenn on Flight Deck Press Conference. Credit: NASA. |  | A Brown Pelican cruises close for a look at the photographer. Credit: NOAA's Ark (Animals). |
 | Brown bear - Ursus arctos - on the shore of the Beaufort Sea. Credit: NOAA's Ark (Animals). |  | Brown Gravity Meter - a pendulum apparatus. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |
 | Observing gravity inside the cave at Station Jaggar Party of E. J. Brown. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |  | The Seattle skyline as seen from the NOAA Ship RONALD H. BROWN. Credit: America's Coastlines. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "Orange and brown spider" by Eric Jacobsen Commentary: "An orange and brown spider in a cup." | "Brown Bear" by James McCallum Commentary: "Brown Bear." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Play | Caption |
 | Brown bear growling. |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Author | Quotation |
H. Rap Brown | Violence is as American as cherry pie. |
John Brown | I will answer anything I can with honor, but not about others. |
| Caution, caution, sir! It is nothing but the word of cowardice. | |
John Lyly | It seems to me (said she) that you are in some brown study. |
John Mason Brown | I am ready any time. Do not keep me waiting. |
Norman O. Brown | Love without attachment is light. |
| I am what is mine. Personality is the original personal property. | |
Sister Brown | Success is found when preparation meets opportunity. |
Tom Brown | Some books, like the City of London, fare the better for being burned. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | For this purpose, the population inhabiting the territories of the former German Empire situated to the north of a line, from East to West, (shown by a brown line on the map No. 4, annexed to the present Treaty): leaving the Baltic Sea about 13 kilometres east-north-east of Flensburg, running south-west so as to pass south-east of: Sygum, Ringsberg, Munkbrarup, Adelby, Tastrup, Jarplund, Oversee, and northwest of: Langballigholz, Langballig, Bonstrup, Rullschau, Weseby, Kleinwolstrup, Gross-Solt, thence westwards passing south of Frorup and north of Wanderup, thence in a south-westerly direction passing south-east of Oxlund, Stieglund and Ostenau and north-west of the villages on the Wanderup-Kollund road, thence in a north-westerly direction passing south-west of Lowenstedt, Joldelund, Goldelund, and north-east of Kolkerheide and Hogel to the bend of the Soholmer Au, about 1 kilometre east of Soholm, where it meets the southern boundary of the Kreis of Tondern, following this boundary to the North Sea,passing south of the islands of Fohr and Amrum and north of the islands of Oland and Langeness, shall be called upon to pronounce by a vote which will be taken under the following conditions: (1) Within a period not exceeding ten days from the coming into force of the present Treaty, the German troops and authorities (including the Oberprasidenten, Regierungs-prasidenten, Landrathe, Amtsvorsteher, Oberburgermeister) shall evacuate the zone lying to the north of the line above fixed. (reference) |
Brown v. Board of Education | 1954 | At best, they are inconclusive. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Tangled Tale | Carroll, Lewis | They were still in sight of Lieutenant Brown. |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | He had grey hair, a serious eye, the brown complexion of a labourer, and the thoughtful countenance of a philosopher |
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man | Joyce, James | He moved a thin shrunken brown hand gently in the air in time to his praise and his thin quick eyelids beat often over his sad eyes |
Grapes of Wrath | Steinbeck, John | A denim coat with brass buttons and a spotted brown hat creased like a pork pie lay on the ground beside him. |
Gulliver's Travels | Swift, Jonathan | The hair of both sexes was of several colors, brown, red, black, and yellow |
Walden | Thoreau, Henry David | I have water from the spring, and a loaf of brown bread on the shelf |
The Tempest | William Shakespeare | Gonzalo: Now would I give a thousand furlongs of sea for an acre of barren ground, long heath, brown furze, any thing |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | M.M. McNeil and J. M. Brown. (references) | |
M. M. McNeil and J. M. Brown. (references) | ||
J. M. Brown, M. M. McNeil, and E. P. Desmond. (references) | ||
Business | A consortium of Asea Brown Boveri, Randall and Dart of Michigan were in charge of the engineering, procurement and construction. (references) | |
They include Instrioment Ultrasonic Technologies, Magne Flo, Panametrics, Inc. bauer Compressors, Prior Gaskets Inc., Sulzer, and Asea Brown Boveri. (references) | ||
Therefore an equipment manufacturer should be in contact with major international industrial construction firms such as Avery Brown Bovari (ABB), Mitsui and Mitsubishi, as the project contractor will specify and source the pollution control equipment. (references) | ||
Economic History | Austria | Ambassador--Lyons Brown, Jr. (references) |
Hungary | Natural resources (1998): Fertile land, bauxite, brown coal. (references) | |
Cote D'ivoire | White rice, polished from U.S. brown rice, has a well-established reputation. (references) | |
Political Economy | Pakistan | The Brown Amendment enacted in 1996 provided some relief from the Pressler sanctions. (references) |
UNITED KINGDOM | Monetary Policy: In 1997, Chancellor Gordon Brown granted the Bank of England independence in setting monetary policy to achieve the inflation target of 2.5 percent. (references) | |
Trade | Slovak Rep | Non-automatic import licenses are required for water, black coal, brown coal, crude oil and natural gas as well as beer. (references) |
Travel | Kenya | Permanent or long term residents should consider purchase of standby electrical generators as electricity demand often exceeds generating capacity with frequent interruptions or brown outs. (references) |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | DISOBEY, v.t. To celebrate with an appropriate ceremony the maturity of a command. His right to govern me is clear as day, My duty manifest to disobey; And if that fit observance e'er I shut May I and duty be alike undone. Israfel Brown |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "Brown" is generally used as a noun (proper) -- approximately 49.77% of the time. "Brown" is used about 7,874 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (proper) | 49.77% | 3,919 | 2,495 |
| Adjective (general or positive) | 49.58% | 3,904 | 2,507 |
| Noun (singular) | 0.51% | 40 | 54,274 |
| Lexical Verb (infinitive) | 0.09% | 7 | 133,076 |
| Lexical Verb (base form) | 0.05% | 4 | 175,879 |
| Total | 100.00% | 7,874 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes the usage of "brown" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified. |
| Name | Usage/Gender | Usage per 100 million Persons | Rank in USA |
| Brown | Last name | 621,000 | 5 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits. | |||
| The following table summarizes names derived from the word "brown". | |||
| Name | Gender | Language | Meaning |
| Brunette | Male | N/A | To be brown |
| Ham | N/A | Biblical | Brown |
| Bruno | Male | French | To be brown |
| Bruno | Male | German | To be brown |
| Bruna | Male | Italian | To be brown |
| Brunella | Male | Italian | To be brown |
| Bruno | Male | Italian | To be brown |
| Bruno | Male | Portuguese | To be brown |
| Bruno | Male | Spanish | To be brown |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references.
| |||
| Country | Name | Country | Name |
| Germany | Asea Brown Boveri AG | India | Asea Brown Boveri Limited |
| United Kingdom | Brown & Jackson Plc | USA | Brown & Brown Incorporated |
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
Expressions using "brown": adust sunburned burned brown by the sun ♦ alaskan brown bear ♦ as brown as a berry ♦ Asea Brown Boveri ♦ be in a brown study ♦ become brown ♦ big brown bat ♦ Bismarck brown ♦ black brown ♦ Boston brown bread ♦ brown ale ♦ brown algae ♦ Brown and Sharpe Wire Gauge ♦ brown ash ♦ brown bat ♦ brown bear ♦ brown bells ♦ brown bent ♦ brown bess ♦ brown Betty ♦ Brown bill ♦ brown bread ♦ brown bullhead ♦ brown butter ♦ brown caps ♦ brown capucine ♦ Brown City ♦ brown coal ♦ Brown County ♦ brown creeper ♦ brown cup ♦ Brown Deer ♦ Brown Fat ♦ brown hair ♦ Brown hematite ♦ brown hickory ♦ Brown holland ♦ brown hyena ♦ brown in fat ♦ brown Indian hemp ♦ brown iron ore ♦ brown lacewing ♦ brown lemming ♦ Brown Lignite ♦ brown linnet ♦ brown lung ♦ brown mechanical pulp board ♦ brown mechanical pulp paperboard ♦ Brown Mills ♦ brown oak ♦ brown onion sauce ♦ brown owl ♦ brown paper ♦ brown paper bag bug ♦ brown parrot ♦ brown pine ♦ brown race ♦ brown rat ♦ brown rice ♦ brown root rot fungus ♦ brown rot ♦ brown rot gummosis ♦ brown rot of fruit trees ♦ brown sauce ♦ brown scorpion ♦ brown seaweeds ♦ brown smb. off ♦ brown snail ♦ brown snipe ♦ brown soft scale ♦ Brown spar ♦ brown stain ♦ brown stone ♦ brown stout ♦ brown study ♦ brown sugar ♦ Brown Swiss ♦ brown thrasher ♦ Brown thrush ♦ brown trout ♦ brown ware ♦ brown wood paperboard ♦ caramel brown ♦ caramel caramel brown ♦ Cassel brown ♦ chinese brown sauce ♦ dark brown ♦ deep brown ♦ do brown ♦ do smb. brown ♦ Done brown ♦ european brown bat ♦ father Brown ♦ fry smth. brown ♦ Garnet brown ♦ get brown ♦ go brown ♦ golden brown ♦ grayish brown ♦ greyish brown ♦ hashed brown potatoes. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "brown": brown-and-cream-liveried, brown-and-lilac, brown-and-white, brown-bellied, brown-black, brown-blotched, brown-bread, brown-clad, brown-coloured, brown-covered, brown-cow, brown-crusted, brown-earth, brown-earths, brown-edged, brown-encrusted, brown-eyed, brown-faced, brown-field, brown-glass, brown-glazed, brown-gold, brown-green, brown-grey, brown-haired, brown-headed, brown-jerkinned, brown-maroon, Brown-Mood, brown-mouse, brown-nose, brown-nosing, brown-out, brown-outs, brown-painted, brown-panelled, brown-paper, brown-paper-bag bug, brown-paper-wrapped, brown-polished, brown-red, brown-rimmed, brown-robed, Brown-Sequard, Brown-Sequard Syndrome, brown-shaded, brown-shirt, brown-shirted, brown-skinned, brown-speckled, brown-spotted, brown-stain, brown-stained, brown-streaked, brown-style, brown-tail moth, brown-tinted, brown-top, brown-uniformed, brown-violet, brown-walled, Brown-wilkinson, brown-winged. | |
Ending with "brown": ash-brown, Barrie-brown, black-brown, blackish-brown, chocolate-brown, clifton-brown, ferrous-brown, geddes-brown, gold-brown, golden-brown, green-brown, greenish-brown, grey-brown, honey-brown, light-brown, mid-brown, mud-brown, muddy-brown, nut-brown, pale-brown, peat-brown, purple-brown, radcliffe-brown, rust-brown, toffee-brown, Tuck-brown, Wilson-brown, yellow-brown, yellowish-brown. | |
Containing "brown": nut-brown-haired. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
brown recluse spider | 3,905 | brown recluse bite | 364 |
brown recluse | 3,364 | brown vs board of education | 363 |
foxy brown | 2,640 | sawyer brown | 338 |
cleveland brown | 1,366 | brown spider | 315 |
james brown | 1,187 | brown county indiana | 295 |
brown university | 1,158 | bellsouth.net brown email scott | 278 |
brown | 1,123 | george brown | 269 |
charlie brown | 956 | dan brown | 266 |
amy brown | 918 | sandra brown | 264 |
george brown college | 868 | brown eyed girl | 256 |
bobbi brown | 849 | sylvia brown | 236 |
brown pride | 783 | morris brown college | 232 |
brown bunny | 772 | brown jordan | 226 |
brown and root | 699 | young goodman brown | 224 |
brown recluse spider bite | 611 | kellogg brown root | 224 |
brown company | 484 | brown and co | 215 |
brown sugar | 475 | nicole brown simpson | 214 |
bobby brown | 434 | brown v board of education | 213 |
brown bear | 410 | bobbi brown cosmetic | 208 |
john brown | 379 | samantha brown | 200 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Translations for "brown"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaans | bruin. (various references) | |
Albanian | Bojëkafe, Bëhem Bojë Kafe, Zeshkan (dark, swarthy), Thek (awn, fall in flakes, fringe, Pierce, pile, put on speed, stamen, strike, tassel, toast), Ngjyej Në Kafe, I Nxirë Nga Dielli (sunburnt). (various references) | |
Arabic | مكر (archness, artfulness, artifice, craft, craftiness, cunning, deceit, deception, double dealing, feint, fish, foxiness, furtiveness, guile, ploy, roguery, ruse, sham, slyness, trick, wiliness), مسفوع (weather beaten), سمر (nail, pin, spike, stud, tan), خدع (bamboozle, beguile, betray, bilk, bitch, bite, blind, bluff, bubble, camouflage, catch, cheat, chisel, con, crook, deceive, deception, decoy, defraud, delude, diddle, do, dupe, entrap, fall for, feint, fiddle, fob, fool, fox, get round, give the lie to, gull, gyp, hoax, hocus pocus, humbug, illusory, impose, intrigue, jape, job, leg pull, lure, mislead, mock, mystify, nick, overreach, pitch, play a trick, pose, prank, pull a fast one, pull his leg, ream, rook, sell, settle his hash, skin, skunk, slang, stick, string along, swank, swindle, take for a ride, take in, trick, victimize, wile), اللون الأسمر, أسمرالون, أسمر (roan, tan). (various references) | |
Asturian | marrón. (various references) | |
Aymara | khuchi (pig, pork). (various references) | |
Basque | nabar. (various references) | |
Bemba | malobamaloba. (various references) | |
Blackfoot | sikotahko. (various references) | |
Bulgarian | Подпържвам (Fry), Кафяв, Загорял, Тъмен (Rayless). (various references) | |
Catalan | bru. (various references) | |
Cebuano | kape (coffee). (various references) | |
Chamorro | kulot chikolati. (various references) | |
Chinese&n |
