Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Astringent |
AstringentAdjective1. Sour or bitter in taste. 2. Tending to draw together or constrict soft organic tissue; "astringent cosmetic lotions". Noun1. A drug that causes contraction of body tissues and canals. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "astringent" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1824. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Botanical | A mildly binding substance. Acacia, Anacardium, Annona, Bixa, Crescentia, Hesperomeles, Mangifera, Musa, Myrcia, Portulaca, Psidium, Punica, Sapindus, Terminalia, Zea. . (references) |
Food & Agriculture | The flavour characteristic of wines containing too much tannin and puckering the mouth. Source: European Union. (references) |
| A)describes the complex sensation produced in the mouth by a dilute aqueous solution of products such as some tannins(for example, kaki tannins and sloe tannins); b)describes the attribute of pure substances or mixtures which produces this sensation. Source: European Union. (references) | |
Health | Causing contraction, usually locally after topical application. (references) |
Mining | A. A taste that puckers the mouth; descriptive of certain minerals, such as alum b. Causing contraction, shrinking, or puckering. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Synonyms: AstringentSynonyms: acerb (adj), acerbic (adj), sharp (adj), astringent drug (n), styptic (n). (additional references) |
| Antonym: nonastringent (adj). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Bitterness | Noun: bitterness, acridness, acridity, acrimony; caustic, alkali; acerbity; gall, wormwood; bitters, astringent bitters. |
Contraction | Adjective: contracting; Verb: astringent; shrunk, contracted; Verb: strangulated, tabid, wizened, stunted; waning; Verb: neap, compact. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| "Astringent" is generally used as an adjective (general or positive) -- approximately 92.59% of the time. "Astringent" is used about 27 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Adjective (general or positive) | 92.59% | 25 | 69,787 |
| Noun (singular) | 7.41% | 2 | 245,945 |
| Total | 100.00% | 27 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "astringent": astringent bitters ♦ astringent drug. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "astringent": astringent-soaked. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day |
astringent | 23 |
astringent eye | 8 |
sea breeze astringent | 6 |
aqua glycolic astringent | 3 |
witch hazel astringent | 3 |
astringent seabreeze | 3 |
astringent noxzema | 2 |
astringent blue kiehls | 2 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Language | Translations for "astringent"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | ashpër (hard, harshly, roughly, severely, sharply, sternly, violently), regjës. (various references) | |
Arabic | مقلص (contractile, shrunken), صارم (austere, disciplinary, dour, driving, exact, extreme, fast, firm, hard, hard and fast, hardheaded, inclement, puritan, ramrod, rigid, rigorous, rugged, searching, severe, sharp, stark, stern, stiff, strait, strict, stringent, swingeing, tight, tough, unrelenting, violent), العقول مادة طبية. (various references) | |
Bulgarian | строг (austere, censorious, close, firm, grim, hard, hard and fast, hard-grained, hardhanded, ironclad, narrow, religious, rigid, rigorous, rugged, severe, sinewy, stern, straitlaced, strict, stringent, taut, unaffable, uncharitable), който стяга, който спира кръв. (various references) | |
Chinese | "敛性 (Astringency, Astringently). (various references) | |
Czech | svíravý. (various references) | |
Danish | adstringerende. (various references) | |
Dutch | adstringerend (acerbic, acid, constringent, harsh, tart), wrang (acerbic, acid, acrid, constringent, harsh, sour, tart). (various references) | |
Farsi | قابض (Prehensile, Styptic), گس (Acrid), تندوتیز (Ardent, Nippy, Peppery, Stringent), سفت (Callous, Concrete, Fast, Hard, Inelastic, Ironclad, Stark, Stiff, Taut, Tenacious, Tense, Thick, Tight, Tough, Wiry), سخت گیر (Difficult, Hard, Intransigent, Priggish, Severe, Squeamish, Stern, Stickler, Strict, Unrelenting), طاقت فرسا (Cumbersome, Onerous, Overbearing, Severe, Tiresome, Troublous), جمع کننده (Collector), شاق (Burdensome, Onerous, Severe, Stark, Tall), دقیق (Accurate, Astute, Exquisite, Literal, Particular, Precise, Precision, Punctilious, Punctual, Scholastic, Scrutinizer, Set, Sound, Stringent, Subtle, Tender, Tenuous, Watchful, Wistful), داروی قابض . (various references) | |
Finnish | supistava (restrictive). (various references) | |
French | astringent. (various references) | |
Frisian | bekjelûkerich (acerbic, acid, acrid, constringent, harsh, tart). (various references) | |
German | adstringierend (acerbic, acid, constringent, harsh, tart), zusammenziehend (acerbic, acid, constricting, constringent, contracting, harsh, summarizing, tart), stopfend (costive, darning, plugging, stuffing). (various references) | |
Greek | συσταλτικόσ (contractile), στυπτικόσ (styptic), στυπτικός, στυπτικό (styptic), στυφός (acerbic, acrid, tart), στυφή (harsh), δριμύσ (acrid, acrimonious, biting, caustic, hard, harsh, keen, poignant, pungent, scathing, severe, slashing, smart, snappish, snappy, tart, trenchant). (various references) | |
Hebrew | חומר מכוץ, חוסם. (various references) | |
Hungarian | vérzéselállító szer, összeszorító (constrictive), összehúzó (constrictive, constrictor, constringent, contractile, contractive, styptic). (various references) | |
Indonesian | zat yang mengecilkan. (various references) | |
Italian | astringente (astrictive). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 渋い ("cool", an aura of refined masculinity, bitter taste, grim, quite, sober, stingy, sullen, tasteful clothing). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | しぶい (an aura of refined masculinity, bitter, grim, quiet, sober, stingy, sullen, tasteful), アストリンゼント . (various references) | |
Korean | 수 성. (various references) | |
Manx | kiangleyder (binder), kianglee (connecting, constipating, copular), casteyder folley (haemostat), castagh (inhibiting, pre-emptive). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | astringentay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | adstringente (acerbic, constringent, sour, styptic, tart). (various references) | |
Romanian | astringent (acerb, astrictive, tart). (various references) | |
Russian | стягивающий (constringent), строгий (austere, censorious, chaste, dour, hard, harsh, rigorous, severe, stern, straitlaced, strict, stringent, taut, unaffable), вяжущее вещество...терпкий, вяжущий (styptic). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | zajedljiv (acidulous, biting, cutting, mordant, poignant, pointed, sarcastic, tart, taunting, vitriolic), sredstvo koje steže, skuplja, koji steže (constringent), koji skuplja, jedak (acidulous, acrid, acrimonious, biting, bitter, caustic, scathing, sharp, sour, vitriolic). (various references) | |
Spanish | astringente (binding). (various references) | |
Swedish | adstringerande (styptic). (various references) | |
Thai | ที่ทำให้กระชับ, ที่รุนแรง. (various references) | |
Turkish | astrenjan, sert (acrid, adamant, austere, bad, bitter, boisterous, bossy, brisk, brutal, cast iron, crusty, cutting, drastic, exact, exacting, fierce, firm, flinty, forbidding, get-tough, granitic, grim, gruff, gusty, hard, hard and fast, hard bitten, hard line, hard set, hardening, hard-hitting, harsh, heady, heavy, heavy-handed, hot, ill natured, inclement, incompressible, inelastic, intemperate, iron, ironclad, keen, nappy, pointed, pungent, rigid, rigorous, rough, round, sclerous, severe, sharp, sharp-set, short, short-spoken, shrewd, smart, solid, sound, spanking, spartan, spiky, stand up, starched, starchy, stark, stern, stiff, strict, stringent, strong, surly, tart, tough, unbending, ungentle, unkind, unrelenting, unshaded, unyielding, vehement, violent), sıkıştırıcı, kanamayı durduran ilaç, kanı durduran, damarları büzen ilaç, büzücü (constrictor, constringent, shrinking), şiddetli (acute, bitter, brutal, burning, cast iron, consuming, deep, drastic, exquisite, extreme, ferocious, flaming, flash, forceful, frenetic, frenzied, fulminant, furious, gusty, hard, harsh, heavy, high, hot, impetuous, intemperate, intense, intensive, ironclad, keen, profound, rigorous, round, severe, sharp, slashing, sledgehammer, smacking, smart, smashing, spanking, splitting, stand up, stern, stinging, stormy, strenuous, strong, sweeping, tempestuous, torrential, vehement, vicious, vigorous, violent, virulent). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | суворий (arctic, austere, censorious, dour, grueling, gruelling, hard, hard-faced, inclement, iron, rigid, rigorous, severe, stern, straitlaced, stringent, surly), стягуючий, в'яжучий засіб (astringency), в'яжучий (binding). (various references) | |
Vietnamese | nghiêm khắc (austere, hard, hardly, rigorous, slashing), khắc khổ (spartan). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | acerbus, adstrictos, adstrictus, austerus, conprimentem, stypticus. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "astringent": astringently, astringents. (additional references) | |
| |
"Astringent" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: astringens, Oestringen. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "astringent" (pronounced ustri"njunt) |
| 9 | -s t r i" n j u n t | stringent. |
| 6 | -i" n j u n t | contingent. |
| 5 | -n j u n t | pungent, tangent. |
| 4 | -j u n t | agent, argent, cogent, convergent, detergent, diligent, divergent, emergent, exigent, indigent, indulgent, insurgent, intelligent, intransigent, negligent, pageant, reagent, Regent, resurgent, sergeant, urgent. |
| 3 | -u n t | aggrandizement, agreement, ailment, alignment, allotment, amazement, ambient, ambivalent, amendment, amusement, ancient, announcement, annulment, antecedent, antidepressant, antigovernment, antioxidant, apartment, apparent, appeasement, applicant, appointment, apportionment, ardent, argument, armament, arraignment, arrangement, arrant, arrogant, absent, absorbent, abstinent, abundant, accelerant, accident, accompaniment, accomplishment, abandonment, abatement, aberrant, abhorrent, abortifacient, accountant, accouterment, achievement, acknowledgement, acknowledgment, adamant, adherent, adjacent, adjournment, adjustment, adjutant, adolescent, adornment, advancement, advertisement, advisement, afferent, affiant, affluent, ascendant, aspirant, assailant, assessment, assignment, assistant, assortment, astonishment, atonement, attachment, attainment, attendant, banishment, basement, battlement, belligerent, bemusement, beneficent, benevolent, bereavement, betterment, bewilderment, blandishment, blatant, bombardment, brilliant, buoyant, celebrant, claimant, clairvoyant, Clement, client, coefficient, cognizant, coherent, coincident, combatant, commandment, commencement, commitment, compartment, competent, complacent, complainant, complaisant, complement, compliant, component, comportment, concealment, concomitant, concurrent, condiment, confident, confinement, confluent, consequent, consignment, consistent, consonant, constant, constituent, consultant, containment, contaminant, contentment, contestant, continent, convalescent, convenient, convent, conversant, coolant, copayment, corespondent, cormorant, correspondent, Courant, covenant, Crescent, crosscurrent, current, curtailment, ignorant, immanent, immigrant, imminent, impairment, impatient, impeachment, impediment, impertinent, implement, important, impotent, impoundment, impoverishment, impressment, imprisonment, improvement, imprudent, inadvertent, incandescent, debarment, debasement, decadent, decedent, decent, declarant, decongestant, defendant, deferment, defiant, deficient, defoliant, delinquent, deodorant, department, dependent, deployment, deportment, depressant, derailment, descendant, descendent, despondent, detachment, determent, determinant, deterrent, detriment, development, deviant, different, diminishment, disagreement, disappointment, disarmament, disbarment, disbursement, discernment, discordant, discouragement, disenchantment, disenfranchisement, disengagement, disestablishment, disgruntlement, disillusionment, disinfectant, disinvestment, dismantlement, dismemberment, disobedient, dispersant, displacement, dissident, dissonant, distant, divalent, divestment, docent, dominant, dormant, easement, ebullient, efferent, effervescent, efficient, effluent, elegant, element, elephant, eloquent, embankment, embarrassment, embayment, embellishment, embezzlement, embodiment, emigrant, eminent, emplacement, employment, empowerment, enactment, encampment, enchantment, encirclement, encouragement, encroachment, endangerment, endearment, endorsement, endowment, enforcement, engagement, enhancement, enjoyment, enlargement, enlightenment, enlistment, enrichment, enrollment, enslavement, entanglement, entertainment, enticement, entitlement, entombment, entrant, entrapment, entrenchment, environment, equipment, equivalent, errant, escapement, escarpment, esculent, establishment, estrangement, evanescent, evident, excellent, excitement, excrement, existent, exorbitant, expectant, expectorant, expedient, experiment, exponent, extant, extinguishment, extravagant, exuberant, exultant, Fabricant, fervent, figment, filament, flagrant, flamboyant, flatulent, flippant, fluent, fluorescent, formant, fragment, fragrant, fraudulent, frequent, fulfillment, gallant, garment, garnishment, giant, government, grandiloquent, grandparent, harassment, hesitant, hydrant, incessant, incident, incipient, incitement, inclement, incoherent, incompetent, inconsistent, incontinent, inconvenient, increment, incumbent, indecent, independent, indictment, indifferent, indignant, indolent, inducement, inefficient, infant, informant, infotainment, infrequent, infringement, ingredient, inhabitant, inhalant, inherent, innocent, inpatient, insignificant, insistent, insolent, insolvent, installment, instant, instrument, insufficient, integument, intercurrent, interdependent, intermittent, internment, intersegment, intolerant, invariant, investment, involvement, iridescent, irrelevant, irreverent, irritant, itinerant, jubilant, judgement, judgment, latent, leant, lenient, lieutenant, ligament, litigant, lubricant, lucent, luminescent, luxuriant, magnificent, malevolent, malignant, maltreatment, management, measurement, merchant, micromanagement, migrant, militant, miscreant, misgovernment, misjudgment, mismanagement, misstatement, mistreatment, moment, monovalent, monument, mordant, movement, mutant, nascent, noncombatant, nonexistent, nongovernment, nonmanagement, nonpayment, nonresident, nonviolent, nourishment, nutrient, obedient, observant, obsolescent, occupant, odorant, ointment, omnipotent, omnipresent, omniscient, operant, opponent, opulent, ornament, orpiment, outpatient, outplacement, overconfident, overpayment, overstatement, oxidant, parchment, parent, parliament, participant, patent, patient, pavement, payment, peasant, penchant, pendant, penitent, pennant, percipient, permanent, persistent, pertinent, petulant, pheasant, pigment, piquant, placement, pleasant, pliant, poignant, pollutant, postponement, postretirement, potent, preadolescent, precedent, predicament, predominant, preeminent, pregnant, prejudgment, prepayment, prescient, present, presentment, prevalent, procurement, proficient, prominent, pronouncement, propellant, proponent, protestant, provident, prudent, prurient, punishment, pursuant, puzzlement, quadrant, quiescent, quotient, radiant, rampant, readjustment, realignment, reappointment, reapportionment, rearmament, rearrangement, reassessment, reassignment, recalcitrant, recent, recipient, recombinant, recruitment, recurrent, redeployment, redevelopment, redundant, reemployment, reenactment, refinement, refreshment, refrigerant, refurbishment, regiment, registrant, reimbursement, reinforcement, reinstatement, reinvestment, relevant, reliant, reluctant, reminiscent, remnant, repayment, repellent, repentant, replacement, replenishment, repugnant, requirement, resentment, resettlement, resident, resilient, resistant, resonant, resplendent, respondent, restatement, resultant, retardant, reticent, retirement, retrenchment, reverent, rodent, rudiment, ruminant, sacrament, salient, seafront, sealant, sediment, segment, semipermanent, sentiment, Sequent, serpent, servant, settlement, shipment, significant, silent, solvent, somnolent, stagnant, statement, stimulant, strident, student, subcontinent, subsequent, subservient, succulent, sufficient, supergiant, superintendent, supplement, supplicant, suppressant, surfactant, talent, temperament, tenant, tenement, testament, tetravalent, tolerant, torrent, tournament, transcendent, transient, translucent, transparent, treatment, trenchant, trident, triumphant, truant, truculent, tumescent, turbulent, tyrant, undercurrent, underdevelopment, underemployment, undergarment, underpayment, understatement, unemployment, unimportant, unpleasant, unrepentant, vacant, vagrant, valiant, variant, vehement, verdant, vibrant, vigilant, violent, virulent, warrant, wonderment. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-e-g-i-n-n-r-s-t-t" | |
-1 letter: gannister, instanter, intranets, nattering, rattening, restating, retasting, stringent, transient. | |
-2 letters: aginners, angriest, antigens, astringe, earnings, engrains, entrains, entrants, estating, ganister, gantries, gentians, gitterns, gnattier, granites, grannies, ingrates, intranet, intrants, intreats, nettings, nitrates, rangiest, stannite, starting, straiten, tangents, tangiest, tertians, treating. | |
-3 letters: aginner, aigrets, anestri, anteing, antigen, antings, antsier, argents, artiest, artiste, attires, earings. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-e-g-i-n-n-r-s-t-t" | |
+1 letter: astringents, patternings, reinstating, straitening, transecting, trapnesting. | |
+2 letters: antiestrogen, astringently, integrations, intransigent, menstruating, nonstrategic, transfecting, understating. | |
+3 letters: antiestrogens, consternating, demonstrating, intransigeant, intransigents, introgressant, remonstrating, retranslating, stepparenting, straightening. | |
+4 letters: argumentations, counterstating, defenestrating, disintegrating, disintegration, disorientating, fragmentations, integrationist, interrogations, intersegmental, intransigeants, intransigently, introgressants, predestinating, regimentations, reintegrations, renegotiations, repristinating, retransmitting, stepparentings. | |
+5 letters: antisegregation, centrifugations, counterstaining, disintegrations, gentrifications, governmentalist, integrationists, intergradations, intransigeantly, redintegrations, reinvestigating, reinvestigation, transliterating, underestimating. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage Frequency | 5. Expressions 6. Expressions: Internet 7. Translations: Modern 8. Translations: Ancient | 9. Derivations 10. Rhymes 11. Anagrams 12. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
