Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Antipsychotic |
AntipsychoticNoun1. Tranquilizer used to treat psychotic conditions when a calming effect is desired. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
| Domain | Definitions |
Health | Effective in the treatment of psychosis. Antipsychotic drugs (called also neuroleptic drugs and major tranquilizers) are a chemically diverse (including phenothiazines, thioxanthenes, butyrophenones, dibenzoxazepines, dibenzodiazepines, and diphenylbutylpiperidines) but pharmacologically similar class of drugs used to treat schizophrenic, paranoid, schizoaffective, and other psychotic disorders; acute delirium and dementia, and manic episodes (during induction of lithium therapy); to control the movement disorders associated with Huntington's chorea, Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome, and ballismus; and to treat intractable hiccups and severe nausea and vomiting. Antipsychotic agents bind to dopamine, histamine, muscarinic cholinergic, a-adrenergic, and serotonin receptors. Blockade of dopaminergic transmission in various areas is thought to be responsible for their major effects : antipsychotic action by blockade in the mesolimbic and mesocortical areas; extrapyramidal side effects (dystonia, akathisia, parkinsonism, and tardive dyskinesia) by blockade in the basal ganglia; and antiemetic effects by blockade in the chemoreceptor trigger zone of the medulla. Sedation and autonomic side effects (orthostatic hypotension, blurred vision, dry mouth, nasal congestion and constipation) are caused by blockade of histamine, cholinergic, and adrenergic receptors. (references) |
Medicine | Drug that relieves anxiety and calm the psychotic patient. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
These drugs are also referred to as neuroleptics or neuroleptic drugs.
There are currently two main types of antipsychotics in use, the typical antipsychotics and the atypical antipsychotics. A newer antipsychotic drug group has been discovered called the partial dopamine agonists, although research and clinical trials are still being conducted so medications from this group are not widely available.
Typical antipsychotics are sometimes referred to as major tranquilizers because some of them can tranquilise and sedate when taken in large doses. This term is increasingly disused because many antipsychotics do not have strong sedating properties and the terminology implies a connection with benzodiazepines whereas none exists.
It is the blockade of D2 receptors in the mesolimbic pathway of the brain which is thought to produce the intended antipsychotic effect.
Typical antipsychotics are not particularly selective and also block the same receptors in the mesocortical pathway, tuberoinfundibular pathway and the nigrostriatal pathway. Blocking D2 receptors in these other pathways is thought to produce some of the unwanted side effects that the typical antipsychotics can produce (see below).
Atypical antipsychotic drugs have a similar blocking effect on D2 receptors but seem to be a little more selective, targeting the intended pathway to a larger degreee than the others. They also block or partially block serotonin receptors (particularly 5HT2A,C and 5HT1A receptors).
This combination of effects on both dopamine and serotonin receptors might be why atypical antipsychotic drugs tend to have less side effects than typicals and have a seemingly additional effect on the 'negative symptoms' of schizophrenia.
Anti-psychotics can be classified on a spectrum of low potency to high potency, where potency refers to the ability of the drug to bind to dopamine receptors, and not to the effectiveness of the drug. High potency antipsychotics such as haloperidol typically have doses of a few milligrams and cause less sleepiness and calming effects than low potency antipsychotics such as chlorpromazine, which have dosages of several hundred milligrams.
There is generally a lag of a few days to a few weeks between the time the drug is started and the time that the medication begins to reduce psychosis. Why this is so remains unclear.
Some people who become psychotic do not seem to respond to antipsychotic medication, despite studies showing that the drug is blocking the same amount of receptors as in other people who do respond to the treatment. Again, it is still not clear why this might be.
The atypical antipsychotics (especially olanzapine) seem to cause weight gain more commonly than the typical antipsychotics.
Clozapine also has a risk of inducing agranulocytosis, a potentially dangerous reduction in the number of white blood cells in the body. Because of this risk, patients prescribed clozapine may need to have regular blood checks to catch the condition early if it does occur, so the patient is in no danger.
One of the more serious of these side effects is tardive dyskinesia, in which the sufferer may show repetitive, involuntary, purposeless movements often of the lips, face, legs or torso. There is a greater risk of developing tardive dyskinesia with the older, typical antipsychotic drugs, although the newer antipsychotics do seem to cause this disorder to a lesser degree. It is believed that the possibility of tardive dyskinesia can be reduced by combining the anti-psychotics with benedryl or benztropine.
Another serious side-effect is neuroleptic malignant syndrome, in which the drugs appear to cause the temperature regulation centers to fail, resulting in a medical emergency as the patient's temperature suddenly increases to dangerous levels.
Another problematic side-effect of antipsychotics is dysphoria, meaning that it just makes the patient feel bad. This side-effect is a major problem for patients with schizophrenia in that it causes them to discontinue medication, and this produces a relapse of psychotic symptoms.
Whilst this may seem a daunting list, it must be noted that many people suffer few, if any, side effects from taking antipsychotic medication.
The first antipsychotic was chlorpromazine, which was developed as a surgical anesthetic. It was first used on psychiatric patients in the belief that it would have a calming effect. However, the drug soon appeared to reduce psychosis beyond this calming effect, and it is now believed that the reduction of psychosis produced by the drug is unrelated to the calming effect of the medication.
The newer atypical antipsychotics are supposedly rationally designed drugs in which a theoretical understanding of both the condition to be treated and the effect of certain molecules on the body is used to develop potential new drug candidates.
Common Antipsychotic Drugs
Commonly used antipsychotic medications are listed below by drug group. Trade names appear in brackets.
The typical antipsychotic drugs are now out of patent meaning any pharmaceutical company is legally allowed to produce cheap generic versions of these medications. Whilst this makes them a great deal cheaper than the atypical drugs which are still in patent, atypical drugs are preferred as a first line treatment due to the fact that they generally have less side effects and seem to have additional benefits for the 'negative symptoms' of schizophrenia, a typical condition for which they might be prescribed. Drug Action and Effectiveness
All antipsychotic drugs tend to block the D2 neuroreceptors in the dopamine pathways in the brain, so the normal effect of dopamine release in the relevant synapses is reduced.Side Effects
The range of interactions can produce different adverse effects including extrapyramidal reactions, including acute dystonias, akathisia, rigidity and tremor, tardive dyskinesia, tachycardia, hypotension, impotence, lethargy, seizures, and hyperprolactinaemia.History and Design
The original antipsychotic drugs were happened upon largely by chance and were tested empirically for their effectiveness.See also
References
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Antipsychotic."
Synonyms: AntipsychoticSynonyms: antipsychotic agent (n), antipsychotic drug (n), major tranquilizer (n), major tranquillizer (n), neuroleptic (n), neuroleptic agent (n), neuroleptic drug (n). (additional references) |
Crosswords: Antipsychotic |
| English words defined with "antipsychotic": antipsychotic agent, antipsychotic drug ♦ diphenylbutyl piperidine ♦ Moban, molindone ♦ prochlorperazine. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "antipsychotic": Amoxapine, Antipsychotic Agents, Antipsychotic Agents, Butyrophenone, Antipsychotic Agents, Phenothiazine ♦ Butaclamol ♦ Clozapine ♦ Dopamine Antagonists ♦ Etazolate ♦ Fluspirilene ♦ Mesoridazine, Methiothepin ♦ Penfluridol, Perazine, Promazine ♦ Raclopride, Remoxipride, Risperidone ♦ Tetrabenazine, Tiapride, Tranquilizing Agents, Trifluoperazine, Triflupromazine. (references) |
| Domain | Title |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | In general atypical antipsychotic medications are more successful than older drugs such as haloperidol. (references) | |
Specific antihypertensive, antidepressant, and antipsychotic drugs can be chosen to lessen the risk of erectile failure. (references) | ||
The third step would be to add to the lithium an antipsychotic for manic breakthroughs or an antidepressant for depressive breakthroughs. (references) | ||
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
Expressions using "antipsychotic": antipsychotic agent ♦ Antipsychotic Agents ♦ antipsychotic drug. Additional references. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day |
antipsychotic medication | 56 |
antipsychotic drug | 53 |
antipsychotic | 53 |
atypical antipsychotic | 5 |
atypical antipsychotic medication | 5 |
antipsychotic medicine | 2 |
antipsychotic meds | 2 |
antipsychotic agent | 2 |
atypical antipsychotic drug | 2 |
antipsychotic child | 2 |
antipsychotic child medication | 2 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Language | Translations for "antipsychotic"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 抗精神病. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Danish | neuroleptikum (antipsychotic drug, major tranquillizer, neuroleptic, neuroleptic drug, psycholeptic), neuroleptikon. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Dutch | anti-psychoticum, neurolepticum (neuroleptic). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Finnish | antipsykoottinen (antipsychotic drug, major tranquillizer, neuroleptic, neuroleptic drug). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
French | ataraxique (antipsychotic drug), antipsychotique (antipsychotic drug), tranquillisant majeur (antipsychotic drug), neuroplégique (antipsychotic drug), neuroleptique (antipsychotic drug), drogue neuroleptique (antipsychotic drug). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
German | antipsychotisch, Antipsychotikum (antipsychotic drug, major tranquillizer, neuroleptic, neuroleptic drug), Neuroleptikum (neuroleptic). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | κύριο ηρεμιστικό (antipsychotic drug, major tranquillizer, neuroleptic, neuroleptic drug), νευροληπτικό φάρμακο (antipsychotic drug, major tranquillizer, neuroleptic, neuroleptic drug). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | neurolettico (neuroleptic). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | antipsychoticay antipsicótico, tranquilizante major (antipsychotic drug, major tranquillizer, neuroleptic, neuroleptic drug), neuroléptico (antipsychotic drug, major tranquillizer, neuroleptic, neuroleptic drug). (various references) antipsicótico (antipsychotic drug, major tranquillizer, neuroleptic, neuroleptic drug), tranquilizante mayor (antipsychotic drug, major tranquillizer, neuroleptic, neuroleptic drug), neuroléptico (antipsychotic drug, major tranquillizer, neuroleptic, neuroleptic drug). (various references) antipsykotisk drog (antipsychotic drug, major tranquillizer, neuroleptic, neuroleptic drug). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "antipsychotic": antipsychotics. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-c-c-h-i-i-n-o-p-s-t-t-y" | |
-2 letters: sycophantic. | |
-3 letters: cytopathic, hypostatic, hypotactic. | |
-4 letters: antipyics, citations, hypnotics, hypnotist, isopycnic, isotactic, opticians, pasticcio, physician, pinocytic, pistachio, psychotic, sycophant, syntactic, tithonias. | |
-5 letters: aconitic, anticity, antipyic, antiship, aphonics, capsicin, captions, cationic, chastity, chiastic, chicanos, chitosan, citation, conicity, contacts, copycats, cyanitic, cyanotic, hospitia, hypnotic, isotypic, occipita, optician, opticist, oscitant, ostinati, pactions, pasticci, phytonic, picachos, pycnotic, pythonic. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-c-c-h-i-i-n-o-p-s-t-t-y" | |
+1 letter: antipsychotics. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)41 6E 74 69 70 73 79 63 68 6F 74 69 63 |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references).- -. - .. .--. ... -.--. -.-. .... --- - .. -.-. |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01000001 01101110 01110100 01101001 01110000 01110011 01111001 01100011 01101000 01101111 01110100 01101001 01100011 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)A n t i p s y c h o t i c |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0041 006E 0074 0069 0070 0073 0079 0063 0068 006F 0074 0069 0063 |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
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Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)35808675828591697481867569 |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Commercial | 5. Quotations: Non-fiction 6. Expressions 7. Expressions: Internet 8. Translations: Modern | 9. Derivations 10. Anagrams 11. Orthography 12. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
| Note to the press & webmasters - this dictionary can be linked, indexed, or referred to using the following non-English expressions: woordeboek, fjalor, معجم, قاموس, diccionariu, речник, diccionari, diksyonario, diksinario, 字典, gérlyver, slovník, ordbog, woordenboek, shimiyuc p'anca, orðabók, orðbók, dictionnaire, wurdboek, wörterbuch, λεξικό, אוצר מילים, szótár, uqausiit tukingit, dizionario, 字引 , じい, じびき, じて", ディクショナリー , じり", じしょ, '"かい, ディクショナリ , 사 , dizionari, recnik, fockleyr, dikshonario, słownik, dicionário, dicţionar, dicziunari, словарь, lolomi fefiloi, foclair, abardair, faclair, briathrachan, pukuntau, leksikon, rečnik, vocabbulariu, diccionario, sí-chazamagâma, ordbok, lexikon, พจนานุกรม, sözlük, ansiklopedik sözlük, словник, довідник, có tính chất sách vở, geirlyfr, geiriadur, for dictionary; definisie, qartësi, përcaktim, saktësi, الوضوحية في الشيء, حد, تحديد, تعريف, التحديد, الإيضاحية, яснота, сила, очертания, дефиниция, 定義 , 定义, definice, deskriptordefinition, definitie, määritelmä, définition, ορισμός, "'"ר", "'בל", meghatározás, definíció, definizione, 確定 , ディーゼル電気車 , デ'ドロ酢酸 , デフィニション , ディフィニション , ていぎ, かくてい, 의, geyrid, meenaghey, keeayllaght, baght, definishon, definição, definiţie, determinare, definire, определение, definicija, definición, definition, açıklama, belirleme, belirtme, kesinleştirme, tanım, tarif, seçiklik, tanımlama, чіткість, тлумачення, виразність, визначення, дефініція, ясність, чітка чутність, sự định rõ, sự định nghĩa, lời định nghĩa sự định, diffiniad, darnodiad, for definition; vertaling, transferim, transmetim, ترجمة من لغة أجنبية للغة الأم, ترجمة, إفتتان, транслация, огъване, превод, предаване, поддаване, тълкуване, превеждане, 翻译, překlad, oversættelse, translatie, taajuusmuutos, translaatio, traduction, oersetting, Übersetzung, μετάφραση, תור'מ ות, תר'ום, "עתק", "עתק, fordítás, traduzione, 翻訳 , へい"ういどう, やくしょ, やくしゅつ, "うどく, ほ"やく, トランスレーション , やくじゅつ, ほ"やくしょ, 번역, tradukshon, tradução, translaţie, tãlmãcire, traducere, сдвиг, трансляция, перемещение, перевод, tumačenje, traducción, översättning, tercüme, процес перекладу, переклад, пояснення, переміщення, sự dịch, sự biến th nh sự giải thích, trosiad, for translation; Sjinees, Chinees, kinez, الصينية, لغة الصين, صيني, الصيني أحد أبناء الصين, Chinu, китайски, Ininsik, 汉语, 中 , 漢 , 中國 , èínský, èínština, èíòan, kineser, kinesiskt, kinverskur, kiinalainen, Chinois, Sineesk, Chinesisch, Κινέζος, κινέζικα, κινέζικοσ, κινέζοσ, σινικόσ, kínai, Kínverji, Sínis, cinese, チフス菌 , チャイニーズ , 중국, Cina, Sheenish, Sheenagh, Hainamana, chines, Chińczyk, chinês, chinés, chinezesc, chinezeşte, chinezã, chinez, китайский, китаец, Saina, kineski jezik, kineski, chino, snesi, sneysi, kinesisk, çinli, çince, çin ile ilgili, çin, китаянка, китайська мова, китайський, кита"ць, for Chinese; Deens, danisht, danishte, لغة الدانمركية, نوع كعك, دانماركي, датски език, датски, Daniko, 丹麦语, dánský, dánština, danskur, danskt, tanskalainen, danois, Deensk, dänisch, δανικόσ, δανόσ, עו'ת שמרים, " י, dán, danska, Danmhairgis, danese, 덴마크, Danvargish, Danvargagh, danes, dinamarquês, danez, датский, danski, danski jezik, danés, dansk, danimarkalı, danimarka dili, датський, датська мова, tiếng Đan-mạch, for Danish; Nederlands, Hollands, holandez, هولندي, اللغة الهولندية, холандски, немски език, холандски език, холандците, немски, Olandes, 菏蘭語 , 荷兰语, holandský, nizozemský, hollandsk, hollendskt, hollantilainen, néerlandais, Nederlânsk, holländisch, ολλανδικόσ, ολλανδόσ, holandisht, "ול "י, holland, hollenskur, Ollainnis, olandese, 네덜란", Belanda, Ollanish, Germaanish, Tatimana, nederlandsk, ulandes, hulandes, holandês, neerlandés, olandez, nemţesc, limba olandezã, german, голландский, holanđanin, u škripcu, holandski, holandés, bakratongo, holländsk, ชาวเนเธอร์แลน"์, เกี่ยวกับเนเธอร์แลน"์, รรยา, alman, eş, flemenkçe, holandaca, hollanda, karı, hollandalı, hollandalılara özgü olan, Hollandali, hollanda'ya ait, голландська мова, голландський, ngôn ngữ khó hiểu, "b xã", for Dutch; Fins, finlandez, finlandishte, finlandisht, اللغة الفنلندية, فنلندية, فنلندي, фински език, фински, Pinlandino, 芬蘭語 , 芬兰语, finský, finskt, suomi, suomalainen, finnois, Finlandaise, finlandais, finnisch, φινλανδικόσ, פי י, finn, finnskur, finnska, finlandese, 핀란", Fynlannish, Fynlannagh, finlandês, finês, finlandezã, финский, Finisi, finski jezik, finski, finlandés, finés, finsk, fince, finlandiya'ya özgü, фінська мова, фінський, tiếng Phần-lan, for Finnish; Franse taal, Frans, franceze, francez, frëngjisht, frëng, frëngjishte, فرنسي, اللغة الفرنسية, الشعب الفرنسي, gall, френски език, френски, Pranses, 法國 , 法文 , 法語 , 法语, francouzština, francouzský, franskur, franskt, ranskalainen, français, Frânsk, französisch, γάλλοσ, γαλλικόσ, γαλλική γλώσσα, γαλλίδα, צרפתי, צרפתית, francia, Fraincis, francese, フレコン化 , フランス" , 仏文 , 仏 , ふつぶ", フレンチ , フランセ , ふつ, "랑스, Perancis, Ny Frangee, Mooinjey ny Frank, frances, franses, francês, francezii, francezã, franţuzesc, franţuzeşte, французский, Falani, francuski jezik, francuski, francuzi, francés, sí-Fulentji, fransk, franska, fransızca, Fransiz, fransızca ile ilgili, fransız, fransa ile ilgili, французька мова, французький, Ffrengig, isiFulentshi, for French; Duits, Duitser, Duitse taal, Germaan, gjerman, ضرب من الرقص, جرماني, المانية, الماني, اللغة الألمانية, роден, германски, немски език, немски, немец, готически, германец, 德語 , 德语, 德文 , 德國 , nìmecký, nìmec, tysker, Duitse, týskur, týskt, týskari, saksalainen, Allemand, Dútsk, Deutsche, Deutsch, "ερμανός, gjermanisht, 'רמ י, 'רמ ית, német, þjóðverji, þýskur, GearmÚnach, GearmÚinis, tedesco, ジプシー音楽 , ジャーマン , 독일, todesch, Germaanagh, Garmane, Germaanish, Carmane, aleman, Niemiec, niemiecki, alemão, alemand, neamţ, немецкий, Siamani, germanski, alemán, Tudesku, Doysri, mjeremani, mdachi, sí-Jalimáne, tysk, เยอรมัน, าษาเยอรมัน, Alman, німкеня, німецький, німець, $sisters german$ chị em ruột, $cousin german$ anh chị em con chú bác ruột, sister, Almaenwr, isiJalimane, iliJalimane, iJalimane, for German; Grieks, Griek, الإغريقي, يوناني, اللغة اليونانية, Griegu, гръцки език, гръцки, грък, Griyego, 希臘語 , 希腊语, řecký, řeètina, řek, græker, grikst, kreikkalainen, grec, Gryk, Gryksk, Gryks, grieche, ελληνικόσ, 'Ελληνας, יו ית, יו י, görög, Grikki, greco, ギリシア語 , ギリシア", 그리스, Greagish, Greagagh, grego, grèc, greacã, греческий, Eleni, grk, grčki jezik, grčki, griego, grek, Yunanli, yunanlı, yunanca, yunan, Rumca, yunanistan'a ait, rum, грек, гречанка, грецька мова, грецький, kẻ cắp b gi gặp nhau, quân bạc bịp tôi không thể hiểu được điều đó thật l kỳ phùng địch thủ, người Hy-lạp tiếng Hy-lạp kẻ bịp bợm, kẻ lừa đảo, Groegwr, for Greek; Italianer, Italiaans, Italiaan, شخص إيطالي, اللغة الإيطالية, الإيطالي, إيطالي, Italianu, италиански език, италиански, италианец, Italyano, 意大利 , 意大利語 , 意大利语, italština, italský, ital, italiener, italienskt, italialainen, Italien, Italjaansk, italienisch, Ιταλός, italisht, איטלקי, איטלקית, olasz, Ítali, IodÚilis, italiano, 이탈리아, Iddaalish, Włoch, italianã, italienesc, italieneşte, italian, итальянский язык, итальянский, итальянец, Italia, italijanski, italijanski jezik, italijan, sí-Taliyáne, italienare, italiensk, italienska, เกี่ยวกับอิตาลี, ชาวอิตาลี, าษาอิตาลี, italyanca, italyan, італі"ць, італійська мова, італійський, італійка, for Italian; Portugees, portugez, portugalisht, اللغة البرتغالية, البرتغالية, البرتغالي, португалски език, португалски, португалец, Potuges, 葡萄牙语, 葡萄牙人 , 葡萄牙語 , portugalský, portugiser, portugisiskt, portugalilainen, portugais, Portugeesk, portugiesisch, πορτογάλοσ, ορτογάλος, portugál, Portaingéilis, portoghese, ポルトガル語 , ポルトガル", 포르투갈, Portiugish, Portiugagh, portugues, Portugalczyk, português, portughez, португальский, portugalski jezik, portugalski, portugalac, portugués, Mreno, si-Putúkezi, portugis, portekiz, Portekízlí, portekizli, portekizce, португальська мова, португальський, португалець, người B"-đ o-nha tiếng B"-đ o-nha, for Portuguese; Spaans, Spaanse taal, spanjoll, اللغة الأسبانية, الأسبانية, أسباني, испански език, испански, espanyoles, Espanyol, 西班牙语, 西班牙文 , 西班牙語 , španìlský, španìlština, spanskt, espanjalainen, espagnol, Spaansk, spanisch, ισπανικά, ισπανικόσ, ισπανοί, karaiñe'êmegua, ספר"ית, ספר"י, spanyol, SpÚinnis, spagnolo, スペイン語 , スパイ罪 , スペイン", スパニッシュ , 스페인, Spaainagh, Spaainish, spañó, espanhol, espanhòl, spaniolesc, spanioleşte, spaniol, испанский, Sipaniolo, španski jezik, španski, español, spanska språk, spansk, ispanyollar, ispanyolca, ispanyol, іспанська мова, іспанський, for Spanish; Sweeds, suedez, اللغة السويدية, Suecu, шведски език, шведски, швед, Swedis, 瑞典語 , 瑞典语, švédský, švédština, Zweeds, svenskt, ruotsalainen, suédois, Sweedsk, schwedisch, σουηδικόσ, σουηδικά, svéd, sænskur, Sualainnis, svedese, スウェーデン語 , スウェーデン", 스웨덴, Soolynish, Soolynagh, suèc, шведский, švedski jezik, švedski, sueco, svensk, เกี่ยวกับคน าษาและวั'นธรรมของประเทศสวีเ"น, isveççe, isveç dili, isveç, Ísveçlí, шведська мова, шведський, người Thuỵ điển tiếng Thuỵ điển, for Swedish; 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