Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Antigen |
AntigenNoun1. Any substance (as a toxin or enzyme) that stimulates the production of antibodies. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "antigen" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1985. (references) |
| Domain | Definitions |
Biology & Biotechnology | A substance which can set off a specific immunoreaction in the human body exposed to it, giving rise to an allergic disease. Source: European Union. (references) |
Health | Any substance which is capable, under appropriate conditions, of inducing a specific immune response and of reacting with the products of that response, that is, with specific antibody or specifically sensitized T-lymphocytes, or both. Antigens may be soluble substances, such as toxins and foreign proteins, or particulate, such as bacteria and tissue cells; however, only the portion of the protein or polysaccharide molecule known as the antigenic determinant (q.v.) combines with antibody or a specific receptor on a lymphocyte. Abbreviated Ag. (references) |
Public Administration | Biological substance introduced into the blood, e. g. vaccine, to stimulate protective antibodies. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
An antigen is a macromolecule that is recognized by antibodies or immune cells and can trigger an immune response. Usually, an antigen is a protein or a polysaccharide, but it can be any type of molecule, even small molecules if coupled to a large carrier.
Cells display degraded proteins of all kinds this way, no matter if they are from a virus or just normal proteins of the cell. In order to keep the cytotoxic cells from killing cells just for presenting normal proteins, they run through a test cycle just after their production. Only the T cells that do not react to normal body protein fragments are allowed to enter the bloodstream.
Antigen presentation
Antigens are presented by a cell to its environment via a histocompatibility molecule. Depending on the antigen presented and the histocompatibility molecule used, several types of immune cells can leap into action.
Exogenous antigens
Exogenous antigens are antigens that have entered the body, e.g., by inhalation, ingestion, or injection. These antigens are taken up by endocytosis by the cell, and degraded into fragments. The fragments are then presented by class II histocompatibility molecules and attract phagocytic cellss like macrophages and dendritic cells, as well as B lymphocytes (also called B cells) which can produce antibodies against this specific antigen.
Endogenous antigens
Endogenous antigens are antigens that have been generated within the cell, e.g., by a virus, and are degraded into fragments. The fragments are then presented by class I histocompatibility molecules and attract CD8+ T cells, most of which are cytotoxic and kill the infected cell, usually before any viruses are released from the infected cell.Free floating antigens
Monoclonal antibodies are floating through the bloodstream. Each of them can attach only to one very specific antigen, e.g., a virus hull protein. By doing so, it both disables the virus and signals other immune cells that a virus was found, triggering further immune responses.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Antigen."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
| TL Antigen | English | Thymus Leuk(a)emia Antigen | Medicine |
| ANA | English | Antibodies to Nuclear Antigen | Nuclear Energy & Physics |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
| Domain | Title |
Books |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | When a t-cell encounters a foreign antigen, the resting t-cell becomes activated. Activated t-cells both secrete il-2 and express il-2 receptors. Il-2 promotes the growth of normal t-cells, which help defend the body against cancer. Credit: Unknown photographer/artist. |  | Human metastatic breast cancer in the lymph nodes. Stained by immunocytochemical for epithelial membrane antigen. Magnified to 400x. Credit: Unknown photographer/artist. |
 | An infiltrating ductal carcinoma of human breast origin is seen invading the breast tissue. The cytoplasm of the tumor cells is stained brown with a monoclonal antibody, which recognizes a carcinoembryonic type antigen (CEA) found within the malignant cells. The monoclonal antibody was developed at the NCI laboratory of Dr. Jeffery Schlom. Magnification is 313x. Credit: Unknown photographer/artist. |  | Shown are the hands of a scientist, under a sterile hood, preparing the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) vaccinia used to try to prevent cancer. The scientist is diluting the concentrated vaccinnia virus into a dose level appropriate for administration to a patient. This vaccinnia marks any cancer cells expressing the CEA. Credit: John Keith (photographer). |
 | Dr. J. Michael Hamilton preparing the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) vaccinia used to try to prevent cancer. He is diluting the concentrated vaccinnia virus into a dose level appropriate for administration to a patient. This vaccinnia marks any caner cells expressing the CEA. Credit: John Keith (photographer). |  | Immunohistochemical demonstration of Ebola virus antigen in skin. Histopathology. Credit: CDC. |
 | Positive identification of the bacillus may be facilitated through the application of DFA stain and its affinity for the Y. pestis' capsular antigen. Credit: CDC. |  | Histopathology of chronic inflammatory reaction to Schistosoma mansoni antigen in monkey infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Skin. Credit: CDC. |
 | Table showing sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of serological tests for antibody to A antigen of Blastomyces dermatitidis in early convalescent phase sera. Credit: CDC. |  | Using this staining technique, fluorescent dye is attached to the known antibodies that correspond to the suspected antigen. These antibodies will in turn attach to the antigen molecules, if present, and fluoresce when viewed with a fluorescent light. Credit: CDC. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Detection of hantavirus antigen by immunohistochemistry. (references) | |
Most clinical laboratories use antigen detection assays to diagnose infection. (references) | ||
Any substance capable of triggering an immune response is known as an antigen. (references) | ||
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "Antigen" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Antigen" is used about 384 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 100% | 384 | 14,347 |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "antigen": Antigen Presentation ♦ B3 antigen ♦ CA-125 Antigen ♦ CA-15-3 Antigen ♦ CA-19-9 Antigen ♦ Carcinoembryonic Antigen ♦ carcinoembryonic antigen peptide-1 ♦ CD34 antigen ♦ CD4 antigen ♦ CD8 antigen ♦ Forssman Antigen ♦ HLA-A1 Antigen ♦ HLA-A2 Antigen ♦ HLA-A3 Antigen ♦ HLA-B27 Antigen ♦ HLA-B35 Antigen ♦ HLA-B7 Antigen ♦ HLA-B8 Antigen ♦ HLA-DR1 Antigen ♦ HLA-DR2 Antigen ♦ HLA-DR3 Antigen ♦ HLA-DR4 Antigen ♦ HLA-DR5 Antigen ♦ HLA-DR6 Antigen ♦ HLA-DR7 Antigen ♦ human leucocyte antigen ♦ H-Y Antigen ♦ Ki-67 Antigen ♦ Macrophage-1 Antigen ♦ NR-LU-10 antigen ♦ Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ♦ prostate specific antigen ♦ prostate-specific antigen ♦ T4 antigen ♦ T8 antigen ♦ TAG-72 antigen ♦ Tissue Polypeptide Antigen ♦ TNF alpha antigen converting enzyme ♦ tumor antigen vaccine. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "antigen": antigen-antibody, Antigen-Antibody Complex, antigen-binding, antigen-directed, antigen-positive, antigen-presenting, antigen-presenting cell, antigen-presenting cell vaccine, Antigen-Presenting Cells, antigen-receptor, antigen-rich, antigen-specific. | |
Ending with "antigen": d-antigen, fab-antigen, hla-antigen, non-antigen, self-antigen, surface-antigen. | |
Containing "antigen": Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "antigen"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arabic | مولد المضاد. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bulgarian | антиген. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 抗原 (antigenic). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Czech | antigen. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Danish | antigen (antigenic). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dutch | antigeen. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Finnish | antigeeni. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
French | antigène. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
German | Antigen (antigenic), Abwehrstoff (antibody). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | αντιγόνο. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hebrew | א טי'ן, ו'"ן (antibody), '"ן. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hungarian | antigén. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | antigene (anaphylactogen, anatoxin, anatoxine, toxoid). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Kanji | 抗原 . (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Katakana | "う'" (a wide plain or field, boasting, bragging, declaration, flattery, light source, plateau, profession, protest, tableland, talking big, wilderness). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Korean | 항원 (antigenic). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | antigenay antígeno. (various references) антиген. (various references) antigen. (various references) antígeno. (various references) antigen (antigenic). (various references) antikor üreten madde, antijen (immunogen). (various references) антиген. (various references) kháng nguyên. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "antigen": antigene, antigenes, antigenic, antigenically, antigenicities, antigenicity, antigens. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "antigen": alloantigen, isoantigen. (additional references) | |
Words containing "antigen": alloantigens, isoantigenic, isoantigens, nonantigenic. (additional references) | |
| |
"Antigen" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: anagen, antiben, antide, antient, antigene, antigent, antigeo, antigreen, antigue, antogen, antogeny, Antonen, Anziger, astogeny, atoguin, auntient, ittingen, Nattinger, Rantanen, Ratingen. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "antigen" (pronounced a"ntujun) |
| 4 | -u j u n | carcinogen, estrogen, glycogen, halogen, hydrogen, nitrogen, origin, oxygen, pathogen, plasminogen. |
| 3 | -j u n | allergen, bludgeon, burgeon, collegian, contagion, curmudgeon, dudgeon, dungeon, engine, gudgeon, imagine, legion, margin, neurosurgeon, pigeon, region, religion, smidgen, sturgeon, surgeon, trudgen, virgin. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
Direct Anagrams: anteing, gentian. | |
| Words within the letters "a-e-g-i-n-n-t" | |
-1 letter: anting, eating, gannet, ingate, innate. | |
-2 letters: agent, anent, entia, giant, inane, tenia, tinea, tinge. | |
-3 letters: agin, ante, anti, etna, gaen, gain, gait, gane, gate, gent, geta, gien, gnat, neat, nine, nite, tain, tang, tine, ting. | |
-4 letters: age, ain, ait, ane, ani, ant, ate, eat, eng, eta, gae, gan, gat, gen, get, gie, gin, git. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-e-g-i-n-n-t" | |
+1 letter: agenting, antigene, antigens, enacting, gantline, gentians, latening, naething, negating, negation. | |
+2 letters: absenting, accenting, agentings, alignment, antheming, antigenes, antigenic, argentine, assenting, attending, bantering, battening, benignant, cantering, decanting, detaining, eglantine, emanating, entailing, fastening, fattening, galantine, gannister, gantlines, hastening, inelegant, integrand, intergang, lamenting, levanting, manganite, naethings, nattering, neatening, negations, negotiant, parenting, patenting, rattening, recanting, retaining, sensating, tangerine, tautening, tenanting, unseating. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)41 6E 74 69 67 65 6E |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references).- -. - .. --. . -. |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01000001 01101110 01110100 01101001 01100111 01100101 01101110 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)A n t i g e n |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0041 006E 0074 0069 0067 0065 006E |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
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Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)35808675737180 |
| 1. Definition 2. Crosswords 3. Usage: Commercial 4. Images: Photo Album | 5. Quotations: Non-fiction 6. Usage Frequency 7. Expressions 8. Expressions: Internet | 9. Translations: Modern 10. Abbreviations 11. Acronyms 12. Derivations | 13. Rhymes 14. Anagrams 15. Orthography 16. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
| Note to the press & webmasters - this dictionary can be linked, indexed, or referred to using the following non-English expressions: woordeboek, fjalor, معجم, قاموس, diccionariu, речник, diccionari, diksyonario, diksinario, 字典, gérlyver, slovník, ordbog, woordenboek, shimiyuc p'anca, orðabók, orðbók, dictionnaire, wurdboek, wörterbuch, λεξικό, אוצר מילים, szótár, uqausiit tukingit, dizionario, 字引 , じい, じびき, じて", ディクショナリー , じり", じしょ, '"かい, ディクショナリ , 사 , dizionari, recnik, fockleyr, dikshonario, słownik, dicionário, dicţionar, dicziunari, словарь, lolomi fefiloi, foclair, abardair, faclair, briathrachan, pukuntau, leksikon, rečnik, vocabbulariu, diccionario, sí-chazamagâma, ordbok, lexikon, พจนานุกรม, sözlük, ansiklopedik sözlük, словник, довідник, có tính chất sách vở, geirlyfr, geiriadur, for dictionary; definisie, qartësi, përcaktim, saktësi, الوضوحية في الشيء, حد, تحديد, تعريف, التحديد, الإيضاحية, яснота, сила, очертания, дефиниция, 定義 , 定义, definice, deskriptordefinition, definitie, määritelmä, définition, ορισμός, "'"ר", "'בל", meghatározás, definíció, definizione, 確定 , ディーゼル電気車 , デ'ドロ酢酸 , デフィニション , ディフィニション , ていぎ, かくてい, 의, geyrid, meenaghey, keeayllaght, baght, definishon, definição, definiţie, determinare, definire, определение, definicija, definición, definition, açıklama, belirleme, belirtme, kesinleştirme, tanım, tarif, seçiklik, tanımlama, чіткість, тлумачення, виразність, визначення, дефініція, ясність, чітка чутність, sự định rõ, sự định nghĩa, lời định nghĩa sự định, diffiniad, darnodiad, for definition; vertaling, transferim, transmetim, ترجمة من لغة أجنبية للغة الأم, ترجمة, إفتتان, транслация, огъване, превод, предаване, поддаване, тълкуване, превеждане, 翻译, překlad, oversættelse, translatie, taajuusmuutos, translaatio, traduction, oersetting, Übersetzung, μετάφραση, תור'מ ות, תר'ום, "עתק", "עתק, fordítás, traduzione, 翻訳 , へい"ういどう, やくしょ, やくしゅつ, "うどく, ほ"やく, トランスレーション , やくじゅつ, ほ"やくしょ, 번역, tradukshon, tradução, translaţie, tãlmãcire, traducere, сдвиг, трансляция, перемещение, перевод, tumačenje, traducción, översättning, tercüme, процес перекладу, переклад, пояснення, переміщення, sự dịch, sự biến th nh sự giải thích, trosiad, for translation; Arabies, arabishte, العربية, عربي, اللغة العربية, арабски език, арабски, 阿拉伯 , arabský, arabština, arábiskt, arabialainen, arabe, Arabysk, arabisch, αραβικόσ, ערבית, ערבי, arab, arabo, 아라비아, Arabish, arabir, arabic, арабский, Arapi, arapski, árabe, arabisk, าษาหรืออักขระอาหรับ, เกี่ยวกับอาระเบีย, arapça, arap, araplara özgü, арабська мова, арабський, tiếng A-rập, thuộc A-rập, for Arabic; Bulgaars, Bulgaar, bulgr, البلغارية, بلغاري, Búlgaru, български, български език, българин, Bulgaryan, 保 利亚, bulharský, bulgarer, bulgarskt, bulgarialainen, Bulgaarsk, bulgare, 'ούλγαρος, bullgar, bolgár, bulgaro, 불가리아, Bulgeyragh, Bulgeyrish, Bułgar, болгарский, болгарин, bugarski jezik, bugarski, bugarka, bugarin, búlgaro, bulgar, bulgaristan ile ilgili, болгарський, người Bun-ga-ri tiếng Bun-ga-ri, for Bulgarian; Sjinees, Chinees, kinez, الصينية, لغة الصين, صيني, الصيني أحد أبناء الصين, Chinu, китайски, Ininsik, 汉语, 中 , 漢 , 中國 , èínský, èínština, èíòan, kineser, kinesiskt, kinverskur, kiinalainen, Chinois, Sineesk, Chinesisch, Κινέζος, κινέζικα, κινέζικοσ, κινέζοσ, σινικόσ, kínai, Kínverji, Sínis, cinese, チフス菌 , チャイニーズ , 중국, Cina, Sheenish, Sheenagh, Hainamana, chines, Chińczyk, chinês, chinés, chinezesc, chinezeşte, chinezã, chinez, китайский, китаец, Saina, kineski jezik, kineski, chino, snesi, sneysi, kinesisk, çinli, çince, çin ile ilgili, çin, китаянка, китайська мова, китайський, кита"ць, for Chinese; Tsjeggies, Tsjeg, çek, تشيكي, اللغة التشيكوسلوفاكية, التشيكي أحد أبناء تشيكوسلوفاكيا, Checu, чешки, Sekoslovakyano, 捷克語 , 捷克语, 捷克 , èesky, èeské, èech, èeština, èeský, èeška, tjekker, tjekke, Tsjech, Tsjechisch, tjekkiskt, t?ekkiläinen, tchèque, Tsjechysk, Tscheche, tschechisch, Tschechin, Τσέχος, cseh, ceco, 체", Sheckagh, Sheckish, Czech, chèc, ceh, чешский, češki jezik, čeh, češki, checo, tjeck, Çek, çekoslovakyalı kimse, çekoslovakyalı, çek dili, чех, чеська мова, чеський, чешка, người Séc tiếng Séc, for Czech; Deens, danisht, danishte, لغة الدانمركية, نوع كعك, دانماركي, датски език, датски, Daniko, 丹麦语, dánský, dánština, danskur, danskt, tanskalainen, danois, Deensk, dänisch, δανικόσ, δανόσ, עו'ת שמרים, " י, dán, danska, Danmhairgis, danese, 덴마크, Danvargish, Danvargagh, danes, dinamarquês, danez, датский, danski, danski jezik, danés, dansk, danimarkalı, danimarka dili, датський, датська мова, tiếng Đan-mạch, for Danish; Nederlands, Hollands, holandez, هولندي, اللغة الهولندية, холандски, немски език, холандски език, холандците, немски, Olandes, 菏蘭語 , 荷兰语, holandský, nizozemský, hollandsk, hollendskt, hollantilainen, néerlandais, Nederlânsk, holländisch, ολλανδικόσ, ολλανδόσ, holandisht, "ול "י, holland, hollenskur, Ollainnis, olandese, 네덜란", Belanda, Ollanish, Germaanish, Tatimana, nederlandsk, ulandes, hulandes, holandês, neerlandés, olandez, nemţesc, limba olandezã, german, голландский, holanđanin, u škripcu, holandski, holandés, bakratongo, holländsk, ชาวเนเธอร์แลน"์, เกี่ยวกับเนเธอร์แลน"์, รรยา, alman, eş, flemenkçe, holandaca, hollanda, karı, hollandalı, hollandalılara özgü olan, Hollandali, hollanda'ya ait, голландська мова, голландський, ngôn ngữ khó hiểu, "b xã", for Dutch; Fins, finlandez, finlandishte, finlandisht, اللغة الفنلندية, فنلندية, فنلندي, фински език, фински, Pinlandino, 芬蘭語 , 芬兰语, finský, finskt, suomi, suomalainen, finnois, Finlandaise, finlandais, finnisch, φινλανδικόσ, פי י, finn, finnskur, finnska, finlandese, 핀란", Fynlannish, Fynlannagh, finlandês, finês, finlandezã, финский, Finisi, finski jezik, finski, finlandés, finés, finsk, fince, finlandiya'ya özgü, фінська мова, фінський, tiếng Phần-lan, for Finnish; Franse taal, Frans, franceze, francez, frëngjisht, frëng, frëngjishte, فرنسي, اللغة الفرنسية, الشعب الفرنسي, gall, френски език, френски, Pranses, 法國 , 法文 , 法語 , 法语, francouzština, francouzský, franskur, franskt, ranskalainen, français, Frânsk, französisch, γάλλοσ, γαλλικόσ, γαλλική γλώσσα, γαλλίδα, צרפתי, צרפתית, francia, Fraincis, francese, フレコン化 , フランス" , 仏文 , 仏 , ふつぶ", フレンチ , フランセ , ふつ, "랑스, Perancis, Ny Frangee, Mooinjey ny Frank, frances, franses, francês, francezii, francezã, franţuzesc, franţuzeşte, французский, Falani, francuski jezik, francuski, francuzi, francés, sí-Fulentji, fransk, franska, fransızca, Fransiz, fransızca ile ilgili, fransız, fransa ile ilgili, французька мова, французький, Ffrengig, isiFulentshi, for French; Duits, Duitser, Duitse taal, Germaan, gjerman, ضرب من الرقص, جرماني, المانية, الماني, اللغة الألمانية, роден, германски, немски език, немски, немец, готически, германец, 德語 , 德语, 德文 , 德國 , nìmecký, nìmec, tysker, Duitse, týskur, týskt, týskari, saksalainen, Allemand, Dútsk, Deutsche, Deutsch, "ερμανός, gjermanisht, 'רמ י, 'רמ ית, német, þjóðverji, þýskur, GearmÚnach, GearmÚinis, tedesco, ジプシー音楽 , ジャーマン , 독일, todesch, Germaanagh, Garmane, Germaanish, Carmane, aleman, Niemiec, niemiecki, alemão, alemand, neamţ, немецкий, Siamani, germanski, alemán, Tudesku, Doysri, mjeremani, mdachi, sí-Jalimáne, tysk, เยอรมัน, าษาเยอรมัน, Alman, німкеня, німецький, німець, $sisters german$ chị em ruột, $cousin german$ anh chị em con chú bác ruột, sister, Almaenwr, isiJalimane, iliJalimane, iJalimane, for German; Grieks, Griek, الإغريقي, يوناني, اللغة اليونانية, Griegu, гръцки език, гръцки, грък, Griyego, 希臘語 , 希腊语, řecký, řeètina, řek, græker, grikst, kreikkalainen, grec, Gryk, Gryksk, Gryks, grieche, ελληνικόσ, 'Ελληνας, יו ית, יו י, görög, Grikki, greco, ギリシア語 , ギリシア", 그리스, Greagish, Greagagh, grego, grèc, greacã, греческий, Eleni, grk, grčki jezik, grčki, griego, grek, Yunanli, yunanlı, yunanca, yunan, Rumca, yunanistan'a ait, rum, грек, гречанка, грецька мова, грецький, kẻ cắp b gi gặp nhau, quân bạc bịp tôi không thể hiểu được điều đó thật l kỳ phùng địch thủ, người Hy-lạp tiếng Hy-lạp kẻ bịp bợm, kẻ lừa đảo, Groegwr, for Greek; Jood, Hebreeus, Israeliet, hebraishte, يهودي, عبري, اليهودية, اللغة العبرية, العبرية, Hebréu, иврит, древен жител на юдея, юдейски, израилтянин, евреин, староеврейски, староеврейски език, юдей, 西伯来, 希伯來語 , hebrejský, hebrejka, hebrejec, hebrejština, joods, Hebreeuws, hebraiskt, juutalainen, hébreu, Hebrieusk, hebräisch, hebräer, εβραϊκόσ, εβραϊκά, εβραίοσ, עברית, עברי, zsidó, héber, izraelita, Eabhrais, ebraico, ebreo, ヘブライ語 , ヘブライ", Ewagh, Ew, Ewnish, hudiu, hebraico, hebreu, ebrèu, limba ebraicã, izraelit, evreu, evreiesc, ebraic, еврейский, еврей, древнееврейский, древнееврейский язык, Eperu, hibru, hebreo, dyu, Myahudi, Yahudi, hebreiska, hebreisk, jude, ชาวฮิบรู (ปัจจุบันคือประเทศอิสราเอลและปาเลสไตน์), าษาฮิบรู (ปัจจุบันคือประเทศอิสราเอลและปาเลสไตน์), musevi, ibranice, ibrani, іудей, старо"врейська мова, старо"врейський, іврит, "врейський, "врей, người Hê-brơ, Hebraeg, Hebreaidd, for Hebrew; Hongaars, Hongaar, hungarez, الهنغاري, مجري, هنغاري, المجري, اللغة الهنغارية, Húngaru, унгарски език, унгарски, унгарец, Hungaryan, 匈牙利語 , 匈牙利语, maïarský, maïar, maïarština, ungarer, Hongaarse, ungarskt, unkarilainen, hongrois, Hongaarsk, ungar, Ούγγρος, "ו 'רי, magyar, ungherese, 헝가리, Ungaarish, Ungaaragh, Węgier, ongrés, ungureşte, ungur, limba maghiarã, unguresc, maghiar, limba ungarã, венгр, венгерский, mađarski, mađar, mađarski jezik, húngaro, ungrare, ชาวฮังการี, macarca, macar, угорська мова, угорка, угорський, угорець, người Hung-ga-ri tiếng Hung-ga-ri, for Hungarian; Italianer, Italiaans, Italiaan, شخص إيطالي, اللغة الإيطالية, الإيطالي, إيطالي, Italianu, италиански език, италиански, италианец, Italyano, 意大利 , 意大利語 , 意大利语, italština, italský, ital, italiener, italienskt, italialainen, Italien, Italjaansk, italienisch, Ιταλός, italisht, איטלקי, איטלקית, olasz, Ítali, IodÚilis, italiano, 이탈리아, Iddaalish, Włoch, italianã, italienesc, italieneşte, italian, итальянский язык, итальянский, итальянец, Italia, italijanski, italijanski jezik, italijan, sí-Taliyáne, italienare, italiensk, italienska, เกี่ยวกับอิตาลี, ชาวอิตาลี, าษาอิตาลี, italyanca, italyan, італі"ць, італійська мова, італійський, італійка, for Italian; korean, كوري شمالي, اللغة الكورية, كوري جنوبي, كوري, Coreanu, корейски, корейски език, Koryano, 韩国语, "國 , 朝鮮語 , korejský, korejec, korejština, Koreaans, koreanskt, coréen, Koreaansk, koreanisch, Koreaner, κορεάτησ, κορεάτικοσ, koreai, 한국, koreano, coréia, a língua coreana, coreean, limba coreeanã, кореец, корейский, Kolea, korejski jezik, korejski, koreanac, coreano, koreansk, ชาวเกาหลี, kore'li, кореянка, коре"ць, корейська мова, корейський, người Triều tiên tiếng Triều tiên, for korean; Portugees, portugez, portugalisht, اللغة البرتغالية, البرتغالية, البرتغالي, португалски език, португалски, португалец, Potuges, 葡萄牙语, 葡萄牙人 , 葡萄牙語 , portugalský, portugiser, portugisiskt, portugalilainen, portugais, Portugeesk, portugiesisch, πορτογάλοσ, ορτογάλος, portugál, Portaingéilis, portoghese, ポルトガル語 , ポルトガル", 포르투갈, Portiugish, Portiugagh, portugues, Portugalczyk, português, portughez, португальский, portugalski jezik, portugalski, portugalac, portugués, Mreno, si-Putúkezi, portugis, portekiz, Portekízlí, portekizli, portekizce, португальська мова, португальський, португалець, người B"-đ o-nha tiếng B"-đ o-nha, for Portuguese; Russies, Rus, الروسية, روسي, اللغة الروسية, Rusu, руски, руски език, руснак, Rusyan, 俄語 , 俄语, 俄文 , ruština, ruský, russer, russur, russiskt, venäläinen, Russysk, Russe, russisch, Ρώσος, רוסי, orosz, rússneskur, Rússi, Rúisis, russo, ロシア語 , ロシア", 러시아, Rooshish, Rooshagh, russisk, Rosjanin, русский, Lusia, ruski jezik, ruski, ruso, sí-Rashîya, ryss, ชาวรัสเซีย, rusça, росіянка, росіянин, російська мова, російський, người Nga tiếng Nga, for Russian; 塞爾維亞克羅地亞語 , 塞"维亚-克罗地亚语, serbokroatisch, 세르보크로아티아, servo-croata, sârbo-croat, srpsko-hrvatski, srpsko-hrvatski jezik, serbokroatiska, serbokroatisk, เกี่ยวกับ าษาเซอร์เบียและโครเอเชีย, าษาหลักของชาวเซอร์เบียและโครเอเชีย, for Serbo-Croatian; Spaans, Spaanse taal, spanjoll, اللغة الأسبانية, الأسبانية, أسباني, испански език, испански, espanyoles, Espanyol, 西班牙语, 西班牙文 , 西班牙語 , španìlský, španìlština, spanskt, espanjalainen, espagnol, Spaansk, spanisch, ισπανικά, ισπανικόσ, ισπανοί, karaiñe'êmegua, ספר"ית, ספר"י, spanyol, SpÚinnis, spagnolo, スペイン語 , スパイ罪 , スペイン", スパニッシュ , 스페인, Spaainagh, Spaainish, spañó, espanhol, espanhòl, spaniolesc, spanioleşte, spaniol, испанский, Sipaniolo, španski jezik, španski, español, spanska språk, spansk, ispanyollar, ispanyolca, ispanyol, іспанська мова, іспанський, for Spanish; Sweeds, suedez, اللغة السويدية, Suecu, шведски език, шведски, швед, Swedis, 瑞典語 , 瑞典语, švédský, švédština, Zweeds, svenskt, ruotsalainen, suédois, Sweedsk, schwedisch, σουηδικόσ, σουηδικά, svéd, sænskur, Sualainnis, svedese, スウェーデン語 , スウェーデン", 스웨덴, Soolynish, Soolynagh, suèc, шведский, švedski jezik, švedski, sueco, svensk, เกี่ยวกับคน าษาและวั'นธรรมของประเทศสวีเ"น, isveççe, isveç dili, isveç, Ísveçlí, шведська мова, шведський, người Thuỵ điển tiếng Thuỵ điển, for Swedish; Turks, turk, تركي أحد أبناء تركيا, اللغة التركية, Turcu, турски, турски език, Turko, 土耳其, 土耳其語 , tureètina, turecký, turkist, turkkilainen, turque, turc, Turksk, türkisch, τούρκικοσ, טורקי, török, Yn Turkish, Turkagh, turcesc, турецкий, turski jezik, turski, turco, turkisk, türk, türkçe, турецька мова, турецький, tiếng Thổ nhĩ kỳ, for Turkish; 乌克兰, for Ukranian; Vietnamees, vietnamez, vietnamisht, виетнамски език, виетнамски, Vietnamis, 越南語 , 越南 , 越南语, vietnamský, vietnamka, vietnamec, vietnamština, vietnameser, vjetmanskt, vietnamilainen, vietnamien, Fjetnameesk, vietnamese, vietnamesisch, Vietnamesin, 'ιετναμέζος, vietnami, vietnámi, ベトナ 人 , ベトナ じ", 트남, vietnamita, вьетнамский, vijetnamski jezik, vijetnamski, vijetnamac, vietnames, vietnam, vietnamlı, vietnam dili, в'"тнамець, в'"тнамський, người Việt nam tiếng Việt, for Vietnamese; |
