Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Antagonism |
AntagonismNoun1. A state of deep-seated ill-will. 2. The relation between opposing principles or forces or factors; "the inherent antagonism of capitalism and socialism". 3. An actively expressed feeling of dislike and hostility. 4. (biochemistry) interference in or inhibition of the physiological action of a chemical substance by another having a similar structure. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "antagonism" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1615. (references) |
Etymology: Antagonism \An*tag"o*nism\, noun. [from Greek expression, from to struggle against; against to contend or struggle, contest: compare to the French expression antagonisme. See Agony.]. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Biology & Biotechnology | Interference with, or inhibition of, the growth of a living organism by another living organism, due either to creation of unfavourable conditions(e. g. exhaustion of food supplies)or to production of a specific antibiotic substance(e. g. penicillin). Source: European Union. (references) |
Environment | Interference or inhibition of the effect of one chemical by the action of another. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Synonyms: AntagonismSynonyms: enmity (n), hostility (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Contrariety | Noun: contrariety, contrast, foil, oppositeness; contradiction; antagonism; (opposition); clashing, repugnance. |
Counteraction | Noun: counteraction, opposition; contrariety; antagonism, polarity; clashing; Verb: collision, interference, inhibition, resistance, renitency, friction; reaction; retroaction; (recoil); counterblast; neutralization; (compensation); vis inertiae; check; (hindrance). |
Opposition | Noun: opposition, antagonism; oppugnancy, oppugnation; impugnation; contrariety; contravention; counteraction; counterplot. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Antagonism |
| English words defined with "antagonism": antagonistic, Antagony, antipathetic, antipathetical, Atheology ♦ negative stimulation ♦ Polaristic ♦ Repugnancy, Ribbon Society ♦ turnoff. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "antagonism": Antibiotics, Combined ♦ Clozapine, combined effect ♦ Explosion ♦ Y'mir. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Antagonism" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses. Romanian (antagonism, conflict, hostility), Swedish (antagonism, enmity). |
| Domain | Title |
Books |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
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| "Antagonic church" by Luis Alves Commentary: "I wanted to take this picture, bacause of it's antagonism, a crazy somehow techno motion blur inside a middle age church. --------------------------- Notice: You can use this image, but please send me an e-mail if you use it, I really like to know when" |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
Communist Manifesto | 1848 | Let us examine both sides of this antagonism. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Phillips LL, Lyeth BG, Hamm RL, Reeves TM, Povlishock JP. Glutamate antagonism during secondary deafferentation enhances cognition and axodendritic integrity after traumatic brain injury. (references) | |
Economic History | Bangladesh | The subsequent history of the nationalist movement was characterized by periods of Hindu-Muslim cooperation, as well as by communal antagonism. (references) |
Minorities | Russia | By various estimates, Muslims form the largest religious minority, but they continued to face societal discrimination and antagonism in some areas. (references) |
Political Economy | REPUBLIC OF KOREA | Labor-management antagonism remains, and some major employers remain strongly anti-union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "Antagonism" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Antagonism" is used about 267 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 100% | 267 | 18,030 |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day |
antagonism | 12 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Language | Translations for "antagonism"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | armiqësi (animosity, animus, bellicosity, chill, enmity, feud, grudge, prejudice), antagonizëm. (various references) | |
Arabic | حقد (animosity, bear a grudge, bitter feeling, gall, grudge, hatred, hostility, ill will, malevolence, malice, malignancy, malignity, rancor, rancour, spite, spitefulness, venom), تنافر (contention, disaccord, discord, disharmony, dissonance, incongruity, inconsistency, jar, repulsion), تضاد (contrariness), عداوة (enmity, hate, malignity), خصومة (dispute, enmity, hostility, quarrel), الحقد (implacability). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | враждебност (aggression, animosity, enmity, hostility, ill feeling), антагонизъм (enmity). (various references) | |
Chinese | 对抗性 (Antagonistic, Antagonistical). (various references) | |
Czech | antagonismus, nevraživost (animosity, grudge, rancor). (various references) | |
Danish | antagonisme. (various references) | |
Dutch | antagonisme (antibiosis). (various references) | |
Finnish | antagonismi, vastakkaisuus (contradiction, contrast, discrepancy). (various references) | |
French | antagonisme. (various references) | |
German | Widerstreit (conflict), Gegensatz (anticlimax, antithesis, complement, conflict, contradistinction, contrast, countersubject, difference, opposite, opposition), Antagonismus. (various references) | |
Greek | ανταγωνισμός (rivalry). (various references) | |
Hebrew | יריבות (competition, opposition, rivalry), התנגדות (contradiction, contrariness, dissidence, exception, impugnation, objection, opposition, resistance), נגוד (antithesis, contradiction, contrast, inverse, opposite, opposition). (various references) | |
Hungarian | antagonizmus (antithesis, contradistinction, contrast, opposition), ellentmondás (antilogy, caveat, clash, conflict, contradiction, discrepancy, paradox, repugnance), ellentét (antitheses, antithesis, clash, contradistinction, contrary, contrast, disaccord, disagreement, foil, offset, reverse, set off, variance), ellenséges érzület. (various references) | |
Indonesian | antagonisme, permusuhan (enmity, hostility). (various references) | |
Italian | antagonismo (contrast, opposition). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 確執 (discord), 対抗 (opposition). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | たいこう (archduke, body cavity, corresponding, counter-, distinguished or meritorious service, empress dowager, expulsion, face, father of the Imperial adviser, fundamental principles, general features, great talent, leaving school, light pink, opposite, opposition, outline, pertaining to school, queen mother, regression, retrogression, Toyotomi Hideyoshi), たいりつ (confrontation, opposition), きっこう (competition, rivalry, tortoise shell), かくしつ (coriaceous, discord, every room, keratin, leathery), アンタゴニズム , はんたい (contrast, dissension, hostility, objection, opposite, opposition, resistance, reverse, vice versa), はんもく (enmity, hostility), はん (anti-, antithesis, domain, edition, example, fiefdom, group, half, judgment, mediocrity, model, monogram signature, opposite, pan-, party, seal, section, stamp, trouble), てきたい (hostility, opposition). (various references) | |
Korean | 길항작용. (various references) | |
Manx | streeuailtys (contention, contentiousness, discord, dissent, pugnacity), noidys (animosity, enmity, feud, hostility), asschaarjys (estrangement, hostility, strained relations). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | antagonismay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | antagonismo (antithesis, conflict, contradistinction, contrariness, contrast, opposition). (various references) | |
Romanian | antagonism (conflict, hostility), opoziţie (antithesis, caveat, conflict, contradistinction, contraposition, contrariety, dead set, hostility, opponency, opposite, opposition, resistance, stand). (various references) | |
Russian | антагонизм (opposition). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | antagonizam, neprijateljstvo (animosity, enmity, hatred, hostility, unfriendliness). (various references) | |
Spanish | antagonismo (hostility, to thwart, work against). (various references) | |
Swedish | motstånd (opposition, resistance, resistor, stand), antagonism (enmity). (various references) | |
Turkish | antagonizm, zıtlık (antinomy, antipodes, antithesis, contradistinction, contrast, cross-purposes, opposition, repugnance), rekabet (competition, opposition, rivalry), kin (animosity, animus, despite, enmity, gall, grudge, hate, hatred, hostility, ill feeling, malevolence, malignity, rancor, rancour, resentment, revenge, spite, venom, venomousness, virulence), düşmanlık (animosity, animus, bad blood, dead set, enmity, feud, hatred, hostility, opposition, venom, virulence, war). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | суперечність (antilogy, antinomy, collision, conflict, contradiction, contrariety, gainsay, repugnance), ворожнеча (dissension, enmity, hostility), опір (antiperistasis, opponency, opposition, resistance), антагонізм (feud), протидія (back-set, counteraction, countercheck, countermeasure, counterwork, opposition, reaction, resistance). (various references) | |
Vietnamese | sự tương phản (contraposition, contrariety), sự phản kháng sự đối lập, sự phản đối (deprecation, difficulty, disapprobation, disapproval, objection, protest), sự đối kháng nguyên tắc đối lập. (various references) | |
Welsh | gwrthwynebiaeth. (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "antagonism": antagonisms. (additional references) | |
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"Antagonism" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: antaganism, antagomism, antagonis, antagonise, antigones, antigonish, antigonism. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "antagonism" (pronounced anta"guni'zum) |
| 7 | -g u n i' z u m | microorganism, organism, paganism, hooliganism. |
| 6 | -u n i' z u m | abolitionism, agrarianism, anachronism, authoritarianism, mechanism, obstructionism, parkinsonism, perfectionism, protectionism, puritanism, chauvinism, communism, creationism, determinism, egalitarianism, expansionism, expressionism, feminism, hedonism, humanism, illusionism, impressionism, interventionism, isolationism, lesbianism, republicanism, revisionism, satanism, sectarianism, tokenism, totalitarianism, unionism, vegetarianism. |
| 5 | -n i' z u m | modernism, monism, opportunism. |
| 4 | -i' z u m | absenteeism, absolutism, activism, adventurism, alcoholism, altruism, amateurism, aneurism, animism, aphorism, astigmatism, atavism, atheism, autism, baptism, barbarism, bilingualism, bolshevism, boosterism, botulism, mercantilism, mesmerism, metabolism, methodism, militarism, minimalism, monasticism, monetarism, monotheism, moralism, multiculturalism, multilateralism, mutualism, mysticism, narcissism, nationalism, nativism, naturalism, negativism, nepotism, neutralism, nihilism, optimism, ostracism, overoptimism, pacifism, parallelism, parochialism, pastoralism, paternalism, patriotism, pessimism, pharisaism, pietism, plagiarism, pluralism, polymorphism, polytheism, populism, positivism, pragmatism, professionalism, provincialism, racialism, racism, radicalism, realism, cannibalism, capitalism, catechism, centralism, classicism, collectivism, colonialism, commercialism, conservatism, consumerism, corporatism, counterterrorism, criticism, cronyism, cubism, cynicism, dandyism, defeatism, deism, despotism, diamagnetism, diastrophism, dimorphism, dogmatism, Druidism, dualism, dwarfism, dynamism, egoism, egotism, electromagnetism, elitism, embolism, emotionalism, empiricism, entrepreneurialism, environmentalism, ergotism, eroticism, escapism, ethnocentrism, euphemism, evangelism, extremism, factionalism, fanaticism, fascism, fatalism, favoritism, federalism, ferromagnetism, fetishism, feudalism, formalism, fundamentalism, futurism, geotropism, gnosticism, gradualism, helotism, heroism, hypnotism, idealism, imperialism, incrementalism, individualism, intellectualism, internationalism, Irredentism, isomorphism, jingoism, journalism, leftism, legalism, liberalism, lyricism, magnetism, mannerism, masochism, materialism, recidivism, relativism, rheumatism, romanticism, sadism, secularism, sensationalism, separatism, sexism, skepticism, socialism, statism, stoicism, supernaturalism, surrealism, symbolism, synergism, territorialism, terrorism, theism, tourism, truism, vandalism, vigilantism, voluntarism, volunteerism, voyeurism. |
| 3 | -z u m | bosom, microcosm, neoplasm, orgasm, phantasm, prism, careerism, chasm, cytoplasm, enthusiasm, iconoclasm, ism, sarcasm, schism, spasm. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-a-g-i-m-n-n-o-s-t" | |
-1 letter: agnations. | |
-2 letters: agnation, agnomina, angiomas, antismog, masoning, sonatina. | |
-3 letters: against, agnosia, agonist, amnions, amongst, anginas, angioma, animato, anoints, anosmia, antiman, antings, antisag, atoning, gitanos, gnomist, goannas, magians, manitos, mansion, masting, matings, mignons, moaning, moating, nations, onanism, onanist, siamang, stamina, staning, stoning, tongman. | |
-4 letters: amigas, amigos, amnion, amnios, angina, animas, anions, anoint, anting, atmans, gainst. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-a-g-i-m-n-n-o-s-t" | |
+1 letter: anatomising, antagonisms. | |
+2 letters: anastomosing, imaginations, marathonings, marginations. | |
+3 letters: augmentations, emarginations. | |
+4 letters: aggiornamentos, argumentations, fragmentations, germanizations, magnetizations, magnifications, somnambulating, transmigration. | |
+5 letters: compassionating, miscegenational, transmigrations. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Commercial | 5. Images: Slideshow 6. Images: Digital Art 7. Quotations: Historic 8. Quotations: Non-fiction | 9. Usage Frequency 10. Expressions: Internet 11. Translations: Modern 12. Derivations | 13. Rhymes 14. Anagrams 15. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
