Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definitions: Alternation |
AlternationNoun1. Being regularly exchangeable. 2. Successive change from one thing or state to another and back again. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "alternation" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1550. (references) |
| Domain | Definitions |
Computing | A technique which uses two or more input/output units in an attempt to speed up input and output. Source: European Union. (references) |
Electrical Engineering | One of the halves of a complete a. c. cycle. Source: European Union. (references) |
| A method of routing traffic in which, when a call cannot be connected to a free circuit on the normal route, it is directed to an alternative route, either automatically or by an operator. Source: European Union. (references) | |
| The half-period of an alternating phenomenon (this expression is obsolescent). Source: European Union. (references) | |
Language | The variation of the phonetic form of a morpheme such that each of the alternants appears under certain conditions. Source: European Union. (references) |
Math | A model of computation proposed by A. K. Chandra, L. Stockmeyere, and D. Kozen, which has two kinds of states, AND and OR. The definition of accepting computation is adjusted accordingly. (references) |
Tips from 1870 | Usage: Alternation. This word is sometimes used in the sense of an unbroken series. It properly signifies a reciprocal succession, as "The alternation of summer and winter produces an ever-changing scene." Source: Slips of Speech. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
What about words like 'oxen' and VAXen? The alternation between -s/-z and -en is a grammatically-conditioned alternation. A person learning English could not find a phonological rule for when to use one and when to use the other; whether a word takes a -s/-z ending or an -en ending must simply be memorized.
There is one more major alternate for the English plural: the -iz for words ending in a sibilant. The alternation between s/z/iz is called an automatic alternation because using the wrong alternate in the wrong situation would produce a phonologically illegal English word -- 'fishs' is very hard to say and is not legal English. A good example of an alternation that is not automatic is that between 'a' and 'an'; while we typically say 'an apple,' we are not forced by the phonology to do so. We can, for instance, easily say 'sofa application,' in which the sounds on the word boundaries are the same as in the illegal 'a apple.'
Not all alternates are created equal. For instance, the s/z pluralization is far more common than the -en pluralization. There are two ways of analyzing this type of difference, depending on the specific case. One option is to call one alternative (-s/-z, in this case) the default and to say that for certain words the other alternate (-en) overrides it. In this "defaults and overrides" approach, neither form "comes from" the other. The other option for analyzing alternations is in terms of underlying and derived forms. This is similar to the defaults and overrides approach (with the underlying form as the default and the derived form as the override), except that the derived form is derived from the underlying form. This is the relation between -s and -z, which are exactly the same sound except for voicing.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Alternation (linguistics)."
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Changeableness | Noun: changeableness; Adjective: mutability, inconstancy; versatility, mobility; instability, unstable equilibrium; vacillation; (irresolution); fluctuation, vicissitude; alternation; (oscillation). |
Discontinuity | Noun: discontinuity; disjunction; anacoluthon; interruption, break, fracture, flaw, fault, crack, cut; gap; (interval); solution of continuity, caesura; broken thread; parenthesis, episode, rhapsody, patchwork; intermission; alternation; (periodicity); dropping fire. |
Evolution | Alternation; coming and going; Verb: ebb and flow, flux and reflux, ups and down. |
Interchange | Noun: interchange, exchange; commutation, permutation, intermutation; reciprocation, transposition, rearrangement; shuffling; alternation, reciprocity; castling; hocus-pocus. |
Irresolution | Noun: irresolution, infirmity of purpose, indecision; indetermination, undetermination; unsettlement; uncertainty; demur, suspense; hesitating; Verb:, hesitation, hesitancy; vacillation; changeableness; fluctuation; alternation; (oscillation); caprice. |
Regularity of recurrence Periodicity | Noun: periodicity, intermittence; beat; oscillation; pulse, pulsation; rhythm; alternation, alternateness, alternativeness, alternity. |
Reversion | Turning point, turn of the tide; status quo ante bellum; calm before a storm. alternation; (periodicity); inversion; recoil; retreat, regression, retrogression; restoration; relapse, recidivism; atavism; vicinism; |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Alternation |
| English words defined with "alternation": Actinozoa, Alternacy, Alternation of generation, alternation of generations, Alternity, Anthozoa, antiphonal ♦ Bryophyta ♦ class Actinozoa, class Anthozoa, class Hydrozoa ♦ digenesis, division Bryophyta ♦ Ebb and flow, Electro-magnetic theory of light ♦ gametophyte ♦ Harmony of the spheres, heterogenesis, Hydrozoa ♦ metagenesis ♦ Prime mover ♦ Radical vessels, responsive ♦ sporophyte ♦ tremolo ♦ Uralite ♦ vicissitude, Viridite ♦ Watch and watch ♦ xenogenesis. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "alternation": Alternation, alternation of crops ♦ banded structure, book structure, broadcast quality video ♦ critical flicker frequency, critical flicker fusion ♦ Depletion Curve ♦ flicker frequency, flow banding ♦ phase alternation line ♦ SNOBOL4, Syntax/Semantic Language. (references) |
| Etymologies containing "alternation": Alternacy ♦ Vicarious. (references) |
| Domain | Title |
Books |
|
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Title | Author | Quote |
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man | Joyce, James | Its alternation of sad human ineffectualness with vast inhuman cycles of activity chilled him, and he forgot his own human and ineffectual grieving. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Alternation" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Alternation" is used about 103 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 100% | 103 | 32,137 |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "alternation": alternation of crops ♦ Alternation of generation ♦ alternation of generations ♦ in alternation ♦ phase alternation line ♦ pole alternation. Additional references. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day |
alternation of generation | 8 |
88.9 alternation | 4 |
alternation stitchery.com | 2 |
alternation | 2 |
alternation spontaneous | 2 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Language | Translations for "alternation"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Albanian | alternim (rotation). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arabic | مناوبة (by fits and starts, relay, rotation, shift, turn of duty, watch), معاقبة (chastisement, penalizing, punishment), تناوب (alternate, relay, rotate, rotation, shift), تعاقب (alternate, gradation, interchange, progression, revolve, rotate, rotation, sequence, series, succeed, succession). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bulgarian | смяна (change, exchange, interchange, relay, rotation, shift, transfer, turn, vicissitude), редуване (interchange, rotation, sequence, succession, vicissitude). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 更. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Czech | střídání (changeover, reciprocation). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Danish | alternering, alternativ dirigering (alternate route, alternative route, alternative routing, re-routing), alternation, afveksling, omstyring (alternate route, alternative route, alternative routing, change-over, re-routing, reversal, reverse, reversing, shifting), halvbølge. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dutch | afwisseling (change, variation, variety). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Esperanto | alterno, alternado. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Faeroese | skifti (about-face, alteration, change, conversion, transformation). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Farsi | یک درمیانی , تناوب (Frequency, Shift). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Finnish | vuorottelu (alternating, interchange, transposition). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
French | alternance. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Frisian | ôfwikseling (change, variation, variety). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
German | Wechsel (about-face, allowance, alteration, bill, bill of exchange, bills discounted, change, change over, change-over, changes, changing, commercial bill, commercial paper, conversion, draft, exchange, letter of exchange, money exchange, move, negotiable documents, negotiable instrument, note, notes receivables, redemption, reversal, rotation, substitution, swap, switch, trade acceptance, trade bill, trail used by wild animals, transfer, transformation, transition, trimmed opening in floor, trimming, variation), Wechselbetrieb (alternate communication), Halbwelle, Abwechslung (about-face, alteration, change, conversion, diversification, diversion, diversity, relief, transformation, variety). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | εναλλαγή (alternative, commutation, earth-to-orbit shuttle, interchange, operating, rotation, shuttle, space shuttle, stagger, switching). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hebrew | חלופין. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hungarian | váltakozás (shift, swing of the pendulum, variation), cserélõdés. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Indonesian | alternasi, pergantian (change, commutation, turn over). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | avvicendamento (interchange, shift), alternanza. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Kanji | 交替 (change, relay, relief, shift), 'い違い (alternate). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Katakana | たがいちがい (alternate), "うたい (a luminous body, antibody, backspace, change, exchange, relay, relief, retreat, rise and fall, shift). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Manx | kirkinys (changeableness, fluctuation, inconstancy), eddyraght. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | alternationay alternação (interchange, rotation). (various references) alternare, alternanţã, succedare (succession). (various references) чередование (gradation, rotation, vicissitude). (various references) alternacija, konsonantska alternacija. (various references) alternancia (swapping), alternativa (alternative, choice). (various references) växling (change, change-over, exchange, flip-flop toggle, fluctuation, flux, reversal, rotation, shift, shifting, shunt, shunting, switching, toggle, vicissitude, weaving), omväxling (change, diversification, relief, variation, variegation). (various references) nöbetleşme (rotation), değişimli olma, birbirini izleme (consecution, succession). (various references) чергування (alternate, interchange, rotation, vicissitude), черговість (rota), зміна (alteration, casting, change, mutation, relay, revolution, shift, spell, take over, turnover, variance). (various references) sự xen nhau, sự xen kẽ, sự thay phiên, sự luân phiên. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | vicissitudo. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "alternation": alternations. (additional references) | |
| |
"Alternation" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: alternuation. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "alternation" (pronounced ô"lternā'shun) |
| 4 | -ā' sh u n | alliteration, brutalization, circulation, conceptualization, decimation, deterioration, excoriation, homogenization, incineration, oversimplification, reeducation, reintegration, substation, syncopation, workstation. |
| 3 | -sh u n | abbreviation, abdication, abduction, aberration, abolition, abomination, abortion, abrogation, absolution, absorption, abstraction, academician, acceleration, accession, acclimation, accommodation, accreditation, accretion, accumulation, accusation, acidification, acquisition, action, activation, adaptation, addiction, addition, adjudication, administration, admiration, admission, admonition, adoption, adoration, adulation, advection, advocation, affectation, affection, affiliation, affirmation, affliction, agglomeration, aggravation, aggression, agitation, alienation, allegation, alleviation, allocation, alphabetization, alteration, altercation, amalgamation, ambition, amelioration, ammunition, amortization, amplification, amputation, animation, annexation, annihilation, annotation, antiabortion, anticipation, anticorruption, antidiscrimination, apparition, appellation, application, apportion, appreciation, apprehension, approbation, appropriation, approximation, arbitration, argumentation, articulation, ascension, ashen, aspiration, assassination, assertion, assimilation, association, assumption, attention, attraction, attribution, attrition, auction, audition, augmentation, authentication, authorization, automation, aviation, avocation, balkanization, beautician, benediction, bifurcation, calculation, calibration, cancellation, cannibalization, capitalization, capitulation, caption, carburetion, carnation, castration, categorization, causation, caution, celebration, centralization, certification, cessation, cetacean, characterization, circumspection, citation, civilization, clarification, classification, clinician, coagulation, coalition, codification, coercion, cogeneration, cogitation, cognition, cohabitation, collaboration, collection, collectivization, colonization, coloration, colorization, combination, commemoration, commendation, commercialization, commission, commotion, communication, communization, compassion, compensation, competition, compilation, completion, complexion, complication, composition, comprehension, compression, compulsion, compunction, computation, computerization, concatenation, concentration, conception, concession, conciliation, concoction, concussion, condemnation, condensation, condescension, condition, conduction, confabulation, confection, confederation, confession, configuration, confirmation, confiscation, conflagration, confrontation, conglomeration, congratulation, congregation, conjugation, conjunction, connection, conniption, connotation, conscription, consecration, conservation, consideration, consolation, consolidation, constellation, consternation, constipation, constitution, constriction, construction, consultation, consummation, consumption, contamination, contemplation, contention, continuation, contortion, contraception, contraction, contradiction, contraption, contribution, contrition, convection, convention, conversation, conviction, convocation, convolution, convulsion, cooperation, coordination, coronation, corporation, correction, correlation, corroboration, corruption, counterrevolution, creation, cremation, criminalization, crucifixion, crustacean, culmination, cultivation, cushion, dalmatian, damnation, decaffeination, decapitation, deceleration, decentralization, deception, decertification, declaration, decommission, decomposition, decompression, deconstruction, decontamination, decoration, decriminalization, dedication, deduction, defamation, defection, definition, deflation, deforestation, deformation, degeneration, degradation, dehumanization, dehydration, deification, deinstitutionalization, delegation, deletion, deliberation, delineation, demarcation, demilitarization, demobilization, democratization, demodulation, demolition, demonization, demonstration, demoralization, demotion, denationalization, denomination, dentition, denuclearization, denunciation, depiction, depletion, depopulation, deportation, deposition, depravation, depreciation, depredation, depression, deprivation, deregulation, dereliction, derivation, desalination, desalinization, description, desecration, desegregation, desertion, desiccation, designation, desolation, desperation, destabilization, destination, destitution, destruction, detection, detention, determination, detonation, detoxication, detoxification, devaluation, devastation, deviation, devolution, devotion, dictation, diction, dietitian, differentiation, diffraction, digression, dilatation, dilation, dilution, dimension, diminution, direction, disaffection, discoloration, disconnection, discontinuation, discretion, discrimination, discussion, disembarkation, disinclination, disinfection, disinflation, disinformation, disintegration, dislocation, disorganization, disorientation, dispensation, disposition, disputation, disqualification, disruption, dissatisfaction, dissection, dissemination, dissension, dissertation, dissipation, dissociation, dissolution, distillation, distinction, distortion, distraction, distribution, diversification, divination, documentation, domestication, domination, donation, dramatization, duplication, duration, dysfunction, echolocation, edification, edition, education, egyptian, ejaculation, ejection, elaboration, elation, election, electrician, electrification, electrocution, elevation, elimination, elocution, elongation, emanation, emancipation, embarkation, emigration, emission, emotion, emulation, emulsion, encryption, enumeration, equalization, equitation, equivocation, eradication, erection, erudition, eruption, escalation, estimation, evacuation, evaluation, evaporation, eviction, evocation, evolution, exacerbation, exaction, exaggeration, examination, exasperation, excavation, exception, excitation, exclamation, excommunication, excretion, execution, exemption, exertion, exfoliation, exhalation, exhibition, exhilaration, exhortation, exhumation, exoneration, expansion, expatriation, expectation, expedition, experimentation, expiration, explanation, explication, exploitation, exploration, exposition, expression, expropriation, expulsion, extension, extermination, extinction, extortion, extraction, extradition, extrapolation, fabrication, facilitation, faction, falsification, fascination, fashion, federation, fermentation, fertilization, fibrillation, fiction, figuration, filtration, fission, fixation, flexion, flirtation, flotation, fluctuation, fluoridation, foliation, formalization, formation, formulation, fortification, foundation, fraction, fragmentation, freshen, friction, fruition, frustration, fumigation, function, gasification, gastrulation, generalization, generation, gentian, gentrification, geriatrician, germination, gestation, glaciation, globalization, glorification, gradation, graduation, granulation, gratification, gravitation, gumption, gyration, habitation, hallucination, harmonization, hesitation, hessian, hibernation, hospitalization, humiliation, hybridization, hydration, hydrogenation, hyperinflation, hypertension, hypotension, identification, ignition, illumination, illustration, imagination, imitation, immigration, immunization, impassion, imperfection, impersonation, implantation, implementation, implication, importation, imposition, impregnation, impression, improvisation, imputation, inaction, inactivation, inauguration, incantation, incapacitation, incarceration, incarnation, inception, inclination, incoordination, incorporation, incrimination, incrustation, incubation, indemnification, indentation, indexation, indication, indignation, indiscretion, indoctrination, induction, industrialization, infarction, infatuation, infection, infestation, infiltration, inflammation, inflation, inflection, infliction, information, infraction, inhabitation, inhalation, inhibition, initiation, injection, injunction, innovation, inoculation, inquisition, inscription, insemination, insertion, insinuation, inspection, inspiration, installation, instigation, institution, institutionalization, instruction, instrumentation, insubordination, insulation, insurrection, integration, intensification, interaction, interception, intercession, interconnection, interdiction, interjection, intermission, internationalization, interpretation, interrogation, interruption, intersection, intimation, intimidation, intonation, intoxication, introduction, introspection, intuition, inundation, invalidation, invention, investigation, invitation, invocation, ionization, irradiation, irrigation, irritation, isolation, jubilation, junction, jurisdiction, justification, juxtaposition, laceration, lactation, legalization, legislation, levitation, liberalization, liberation, libration, ligation, lilliputian, limitation, liposuction, liquefaction, liquidation, litigation, localization, location, locomotion, logician, lotion, lubrication, machination, magician, magnetization, magnification, malformation, malfunction, malnutrition, manifestation, manipulation, mansion, marginalization, martian, masturbation, mathematician, maturation, maximization, mechanization, mediation, medication, meditation, menstruation, mention, midsection, migration, mineralization, miniaturization, ministration, misallocation, misapplication, misapprehension, misappropriation, miscalculation, mischaracterization, miscommunication, misconception, miscreation, misidentification, misimpression, misinformation, misinterpretation, misperception, misrepresentation, mission, mitigation, mobilization, moderation, modernization, modification, modulation, molestation, monopolization, mortician, motion, motivation, multiplication, mummification, munition, musician, mutation, mutilation, narration, nation, nationalization, naturalization, navigation, negation, negotiation, neutralization, nitration, nomination, nonaggression, nondiscrimination, nonfiction, nonprescription, nonproliferation, normalization, notation, notification, notion, nucleation, nullification, nutrition, obfuscation, objection, obligation, observation, obsession, obstetrician, obstruction, occupation, ocean, omission, operation, opposition, oppression, optician, optimization, option, oration, orchestration, ordination, organisation, organization, orientation, origination, ornamentation, oscillation, ossification, ostentation, ovation, overconsumption, overexpansion, overpopulation, overproduction, overprotection, overreaction, overregulation, overvaluation, ovulation, oxidation, pacification, pagination, palpitation, participation, partition, passion, pasteurization, patrician, pediatrician, penetration, pension, perception, percussion, perfection, perforation, permission, permutation, perpetuation, persecution, personalization, personification, perspiration, perturbation, petition, physician, pigmentation, plantation, polarization, politician, politicization, pollination, pollution, pontification, popularization, population, portion, position, possession, potion, precaution, precession, precipitation, preconception, precondition, predestination, prediction, predilection, predisposition, preelection, preemption, prefabrication, preignition, premeditation, premonition, preoccupation, preparation, prescription, presentation, preservation, pressurization, presumption, presupposition, pretension, prevention, privation, privatization, probation, procession, proclamation, procrastination, procreation, production, profanation, profession, prognostication, progression, prohibition, projection, proliferation, promotion, pronunciation, propagation, proportion, proposition, propulsion, proration, proscription, prosecution, prostitution, prostration, protection, protestation, provocation, publication, punctuation, purification, qualification, quantification, quotation, radiation, radicalization, ramification, ratification, ration, rationalization, reaction, reaffirmation, realization, reallocation, reassertion, reauthorization, recalculation, recantation, recapitalization, reception, recertification, recession, recitation, reclamation, reclassification, recognition, recollection, recommendation, reconciliation, recondition, reconfiguration, reconfirmation, reconsideration, reconstruction, recreation, recrimination, rectification, recuperation, redecoration, rededication, redefinition, redemption, redirection, redistribution, reduction, reelection, reevaluation, reexamination, reflation, reflection, reforestation, reformation, refrigeration, refutation, regeneration, regimentation, registration, regression, regulation, rehabilitation, rehydration, reimposition, reincarnation, reincorporation, reinspection, reinterpretation, reintroduction, reinvention, reinvigoration, reiteration, rejection, rejuvenation, relation, relaxation, relocation, remediation, remission, remuneration, renationalization, rendition, renegotiation, renomination, renovation, renunciation, reorganization, reparation, repatriation, repercussion, repetition, replication, reposition, repossession, representation, repression, reproduction, repudiation, reputation, requisition, reregulation, reservation, resignation, resolution, respiration, restitution, restoration, restriction, resumption, resurrection, resuscitation, retaliation, retardation, retention, retraction, retransmission, retribution, reunification, revaluation, revelation, reverberation, revitalization, revocation, revolution, revulsion, rhetorician, rotation, rumination, salvation, sanctification, sanction, sanitation, saponification, satisfaction, saturation, secession, secretion, section, securitization, sedation, sedimentation, sedition, seduction, segmentation, segregation, selection, sensation, separation, sequestration, session, simplification, simulation, situation, socialization, solicitation, solution, sophistication, specialization, specification, speculation, stabilization, stagflation, stagnation, standardization, starvation, station, statistician, sterilization, stimulation, stipulation, strangulation, subluxation, submission, subordination, subscription, subsection, subsidization, substantiation, substitution, subtraction, suburbanization, succession, suction, suffocation, summation, superstation, superstition, supposition, suppression, suspension, suspicion, syndication, tabulation, tactician, taxation, technician, telecommunication, temptation, tension, termination, theoretician, titian, titillation, toleration, traction, tradition, transaction, transcription, transection, transformation, transgression, transillumination, transition, translation, transmission, transplantation, transportation, trepidation, triangulation, tribulation, tuition, undervaluation, unification, unionization, urbanization, usurpation, utilization, vacation, vaccination, vacillation, validation, valuation, vaporization, variation, vegetation, venetian, ventilation, verification, vibration, victimization, vilification, vindication, violation, visitation, visualization, vocation, volition, vulgarization, westernization. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-a-e-i-l-n-n-o-r-t-t" | |
-1 letter: alteration, intolerant. | |
-2 letters: alienator, natrolite, rationale, tarnation. | |
-3 letters: aeration, alterant, annotate, anointer, attainer, internal, intonate, intranet, natation, national, neonatal, nontitle, notarial, oriental, rational, reanoint, reattain, relation, tarletan, tolerant, trotline. | |
-4 letters: aeolian, aeonian, aileron, alanine, alation, alienor, annatto, antlion, arietta, arnatto, elation, enation, entrain, entrant, intoner, intrant, intreat, iterant, lantern, latrine, nattier, nitrate, ratline, rattail. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-a-e-i-l-n-n-o-r-t-t" | |
+1 letter: alternations, replantation. | |
+2 letters: interactional, intercalation, international, nontheatrical, orientational, replantations, retranslation, terminational. | |
+3 letters: centralization, intercalations, internationals, neutralization, presentational, reimplantation, reinstallation, retranslations. | |
+4 letters: centralizations, connaturalities, demonstrational, externalisation, externalization, internalization, internationally, interrogational, intraperitoneal, neutralizations, nonmatriculated, orientationally, preimplantation, reimplantations, reinstallations, transliteration. | |
+5 letters: anticonglomerate, antievolutionary, decentralization, denaturalization, externalisations, externalizations, gastrointestinal, intercalibration, intergradational, internalizations, internationalise, internationalism, internationalist, internationality, internationalize, interpretational, intracutaneously, malapportionment, nonmaterialistic, recentralization, representational, transcontinental, transliterations. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)41 6C 74 65 72 6E 61 74 69 6F 6E |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references).- .-.. - . .-. -. .- - .. --- -. |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01000001 01101100 01110100 01100101 01110010 01101110 01100001 01110100 01101001 01101111 01101110 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)A l t e r n a t i o n |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0041 006C 0074 0065 0072 006E 0061 0074 0069 006F 006E |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
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Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)3578867184806786758180 |
| 1. Definition 2. Crosswords 3. Usage: Commercial 4. Quotations: Fiction | 5. Usage Frequency 6. Expressions 7. Expressions: Internet 8. Translations: Modern | 9. Translations: Ancient 10. Derivations 11. Rhymes 12. Anagrams | 13. Orthography 14. Bibliography |
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